Jet fires are the second most common fire scenario after spill fires. This type of fire is characteristic of gas and gas–oil fires occurring on oil platforms and gas production and processing plants. The consequences of such fires are character...
This article presents a methodology for real-time forecasting of a fire-extinguishing agent jet trajectory from a robotic fire monitor under wind influence, which can significantly displace the impact area position and complicate targeting. The propo...
People inside a road tunnel may be in grave danger if there is a fire. When a fire is developing, mechanical ventilation can be crucial in protecting occupants and facilitating the arrival of emergency crews. In this paper, a new calculation method t...
Based on the principles of nonlinear dynamics, a dynamic model of the jet system for adaptive fire-fighting monitors was established. The influence of nonlinear fluid spring force on the dynamic model was described by the Duffing equation. Results of...
With the widespread use of substations around the world, oil jet fire accidents from transformer oil-filled equipment in substations caused by faults have occurred from time to time. In this paper, a series of transformer oil jet fire experiments are...
Different kinds of explosions are driven by the internal energy accumulated in compressed gas or superheated liquid. A well-known example of such an explosion is the burst of a vessel with pressure-liquefied substance, known as Boiling Liquid Expandi...
Hydrogen safety remains a paramount concern in pipeline transportation. Once hydrogen leaks and ignites, it quickly escalates into a jet fire incident. The substantial thermal radiation released poses significant risks of fire and explosion. Therefor...
An improved Near-Field Computer Vision (NFCV) system for intelligent fire robot was proposed that was based on our previous works in this paper, whose aims are to realize falling position prediction of jet trajectory in fire extinguishing. Firstly, p...
To enhance the jet performance of the three-phase jet fire monitor (TPJFM), an analysis was conducted on the internal flow field (IFF) characteristics of the monitor head. Using the volume of fluid method, the impact of key structural parameters, suc...
Natural gas is known as a widely used energy source in residential, business and industrial areas. During the transportation of natural gas by pipelines, accidents occur due to various reasons, which can also lead to gas output. These accidents are e...
The accurate determination of the potential impact radius is crucial for the design and risk assessment of hydrogen pipelines. The existing methodologies employ a single point source model to estimate radiation and the potential impact radius. Howeve...
Hydrogen jet fires from a thermally activated pressure relief device (TPRD) on onboard storage are considered for a vehicle in a naturally ventilated covered car park. Computational Fluid Dynamics was used to predict behaviour of ignited releases fro...
In this paper, the effect of nozzle height on the combustion dynamics of jet fires in rotating flow fields (JFRFFs) is systematically investigated through experimental and numerical simulations. As the nozzle height increases, the JFRFF flame state t...
The use of existing natural gas pipelines for the transport of hydrogen/natural gas mixtures can achieve large-scale, long-distance and low-cost hydrogen transportation. A jet fire induced by the leakage of high-pressure pure hydrogen and hydrogen-bl...
In this study, the effects of the jet fan speed, heat release rate and aspect ratio on smoke movement in tunnel fires have been investigated. The jet fan speed was changed from 6.25 (25%) to 12.5 m/s (50%), 18.75 m/s (75%), and 25 m/s (100%). The hea...
Accidental hydrogen releases from pipelines pose significant risks, particularly with the expanding deployment of hydrogen infrastructure. Despite this, there has been a lack of thorough investigation into hydrogen leakage from pipelines, especially...
The gun head is the end effector of the fire-fighting jet system. Compared with a traditional fixed gun head, an adaptive gun head has the advantages of having an adjustable nozzle opening, a wide applicable flow range, and a high fire-extinguishing...
The nozzle, as a critical jet component in dry powder fire extinguishing systems, significantly affects jet characteristics through its geometric configuration. To explore the influence of structural parameters on ultrafine dry powder gas-solid two-p...
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) technology poses great promise as an alternative to significantly reduce the environmental impact of the transport sector’s emissions. However, hydrogen fuel cell technology is relatively new, therefore, confir...
When lithium-ion batteries experience thermal runaway, a large amount of heat rapidly accumulates inside, causing the internal pressure to rise sharply. Once the pressure exceeds the battery’s safety valve design capacity, the valve activates a...
Wind direction and speed are the most important factors that determine the degree of damage caused by a jet fire. In this study, the metal hose used to extract/supply fuel was identified as the component with the highest risk for a jet fire occurring...
This scientific article presents the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations conducted using OpenFOAM to evaluate the effectiveness of a jet fan ventilation system in managing the dispersion of smoke resulting from a car fire incide...
High temperature smoke caused by fire is a major cause of casualties. In order to ensure the safety of personnel, it is very important to control the spread of smoke and enable personnel to quickly withdraw from the fire scene. While traditional hard...
A jet flame occurs when the release of flammable gas or liquid ignites, resulting in a long, intense, and highly directional flame. This type of fire is commonly associated with industrial incidents involving pipelines, storage tanks, and other press...
In this paper, the adequacy of the legacy API 521 guidance on pressure relief valve (PRV) sizing for gas-filled vessels subjected to external fire is investigated. Multiple studies show that in many cases, the installation of a PRV offers little or n...
This paper investigates the flame behavior and smoke pattern characteristics of lithium-ion battery (LIB) fires using an integrated experimental and numerical simulation approach. Based on fire dynamics theory, a jet flame model for LIB thermal runaw...
In the marine fire suppression system, continuous delivery of dry chemical powder to the fire source with long powder discharge range and high dispersion concentration is essential. The work is devoted to experimental and numerical studies of the flo...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the buckling behavior and failure mechanism of the boom of large-scale elevating jet fire trucks, so as to provide support for its safety design and service life improvement. In terms of research methods, a...
This study applied a risk assessment technique to the steam reforming process in hydrogen production facilities to generate baseline data for preparing safety protocols in related workplaces. To this end, consequence analysis (CA) was conducted using...
To prevent climate change, Europe and the world must shift to low-carbon and renewable energies. Hydrogen, as an energy vector, provides viable solutions for replacing polluting and carbon-emitting fossil fuels. Gaseous hydrogen can be stored undergr...
On 30 June 2013, 19 Granite Mountain Hotshots firefighters were killed fighting a wildfire near Yarnell in the mountains of Central Arizona. They succumbed when the wildfire, driven by erratic winds, blocked their escape route and overran their locat...
A two-way coupled model between polydisperse particle phases with compressible gases and a density-based coupling implicit solution method, combining the third-order MUSCL with QUICK spatial discretization scheme and the second-order temporal discret...
This study analyzed the temperature characteristics of ceiling jets in corridor spaces by conducting experiments with varying heat release rates and ceiling heights and comparing the results with predictive equations based on the energy conservation...
Air conditioning systems have become essential equipment in many buildings. However, fire safety design and management in buildings rarely consider whether to turn the system off or keep it on in a fire. This study ignites a stack of wood in a room c...
Transitional attack represents a pivotal tactic in modern firefighting, whose efficacy is profoundly contingent upon the impact characteristics of water streams and their subsequent distribution patterns. This study integrates computational fluid dyn...
This work focuses on the experimental and numerical investigation of maximum overpressure and pressure dynamics during ignited hydrogen releases in a storage enclosure, e.g., in marine vessel or rail carriage, with limited vent size area, i.e., the p...
A novel method of near-field computer vision (NFCV) was developed to monitor the jet trajectory during the jetting process, which was used to precisely predict the falling point position of the jet trajectory. By means of a high-resolution webcam, th...
The accidental release of toxic gases leads to fire, explosion, and acute toxicity, and may result in severe problems for people and the environment. The risk analysis of hazardous chemicals using consequence modelling is essential to improve the pro...
Road tunnels are equipped with various safety installations that enable the tunnel’s autonomous response to fire in order to ensure conditions suitable for safe self-rescue and evacuation. A key role in this effort is played by the monitoring o...
Wildland fires are a common and destructive natural disaster in Alaska. Recent active fires in Alaska were assessed and analysed for their associated synoptic-scale climatic conditions in this study. Hotspot (HS) data from satellite observations over...
Hydrogen refueling stations (HRS) operating at high pressures pose a higher risk of leakage than conventional gas stations. Therefore, in this study, a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was conducted using DNV-GL SAFETI v.8.9. The impact of the shut...
The urban utility tunnel is an indispensable part of modern engineering construction. However, the fire risk cannot be ignored due to the narrow space and limited ventilation of the utility tunnel. A study of smoke filling is performed in a 1/8-scale...
A jet flame is a common type of flame in fires in the oil and gas industries. At present, research on jet flames is still not comprehensive enough. To systematically investigate the combustion characteristics of vertical methane jet flames, experimen...
This paper presents the design and modeling of a flying-type fire extinguishing system. Fire accidents present very hazardous environments, and firefighters are in danger of losing their lives while putting out the fire. Strict safety measures should...
With the widespread adoption of battery technology in electric vehicles, there has been significant attention drawn to the increasing frequency of battery fire incidents. However, the jetting behavior and expansion force during the thermal runaway (T...
Jetting in burning gel fuel droplets is an important process which, in addition to pure vaporization, enables the convective transport of unreacted fuel vapors from the droplet interior to the flame envelope. This aids in accelerating the fuel efflux...
This paper presents the development and validation of a two-zone model to predict fire development in a compartment. The model includes the effects of the ceiling jet on the convective heat transfer to enclosure walls and, unlike existing models, a n...
In order to effectively prevent fire accidents and improve fire management capability, this paper describes the independent designs and builds of an experimental low-cost particle image velocimetry platform for a propane jet combustion flame using tr...
The risk of physical destruction of a pressure cylinder increases with increasing temperature load. Acetylene is a significant hazardous gas in cylinders. If the destruction pressure is reached, the cylinder is torn into two or more pieces, followed...
As one of the main external factors affecting the fire extinguishing accuracy of sprinkler systems, it is necessary to analyze and study random wind. However, in practical applications, there is little research on the impact of random wind on sprinkl...
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