2,962 Results Found

The widespread popularity of smartphones makes it possible to provide Location-Based Services (LBS) in a variety of complex scenarios. The location and contextual status, especially the Indoor/Outdoor switching, provides a direct indicator for seamle...

In the era of mobile internet, Location Based Services (LBS) have developed dramatically. Seamless Indoor and Outdoor Navigation and Localization (SNAL) has attracted a lot of attention. No single positioning technology was capable of meeting the var...

An automatic, fast, and accurate switching method between Global Positioning System and indoor positioning systems is crucial to achieve current user positioning, which is essential information for a variety of services installed on smart devices, e....

Background: Air pollution is a major global environmental risk factor. Since people spend most of their time indoors, the sole measure of outdoor concentrations is not sufficient to assess total exposure to air pollution. Therefore, the arising inter...

Accurate indoor–outdoor detection (IOD) is essential for location-based services, context-aware computing, and mobile applications, as it enhances service relevance and precision. However, traditional IOD methods, which rely only on GPS data, o...

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), indoor air quality (IAQ) is becoming a serious global concern due to its significant impact on human health. However, not all relevant health parameters are currently regulated. For example, particle...

Wayfinding is important for everyone on a university campus to understand where they are and get to where they want to go to attend a meeting or a class. This study explores the dynamics of mobile navigation apps and the spatial ability skills of ind...

Indoor localization techniques operate independently of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), which are primarily designed for outdoor environments. However, integrating indoor and outdoor positioning often leads to inconsistent and delayed lo...

Exposure to ultrafine particles has been associated with short- and long-term effects on human health. The object of this paper was to assess Particle Number Concentration (PNC) and size distribution in a university environment and study the indoor/o...

Communication networks are managed more and more by using artificial intelligence. Anomaly detection, network monitoring and user behaviour are areas where machine learning offers advantages over more traditional methods. However, computer power is i...

Ubiquitous and seamless indoor-outdoor (I/O) localization is the primary objective for gaining more user satisfaction and sustaining the prosperity of the location-based services (LBS) market. Regular users, on the other hand, may be unaware of the i...

Carbonyl concentrations in indoor-outdoor air were measured at three urban sites in the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico Valley (MZMV) during the first period of confinements due to COVID-19; the exposure for people living in indoor environments was also...

Understanding the chemical composition and mixing states of individual particles in indoor/outdoor environments is important for assessing daily human exposure. In this study, the chemical composition and mixing states of micron-sized individual part...

The seamless integration of indoor and outdoor positioning has gained considerable attention due to its practical implications in various fields. This paper presents an innovative approach aimed at detecting and delineating outdoor, indoor, and trans...

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are considered a class of pollutants with a significant presence in indoor and outdoor air and serious health effects. The aim of this study was to measure and evaluate the levels of outdoor and indoor VOCs at selecte...

The transition to remote working due to the pandemic has accentuated the importance of clean indoor air, as people spend a significant portion of their time indoors. Amongst the various determinants of indoor air quality, outdoor pollution is a signi...

As concerns about the health effects of particulate matter (PM) are growing, controlling indoor PM has become vital for ensuring occupants’ health. Active strategies, such as air purification and high-performance filtering, are widely implement...

Children are more sensitive to pollutants than adults and yet they spend large amounts of time in school environments where they are exposed to unknown levels of indoor pollutants. This study investigated the concentrations of the most abundant volat...

NO2 and particulate matter are the air pollutants of most concern in Ireland, with possible links to the higher respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity rates found in the country compared to the rest of Europe. Currently, air quality l...

Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) settings are important environments to support children’s physical activity (PA). In 2021, COVID-19 regulations recommended the provision of indoor–outdoor free-play programs in ECEC settings to r...

A wide range of localization techniques has been proposed recently that leverage smartphone sensors. Context awareness serves as the backbone of these localization techniques, which helps them to shift the localization technologies to improve efficie...

Dust storms have impacts on both human and physical environments, associated with an increase in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentrations. Most studies on exposure to PM have focused on the outdoor air, while information on indoor pollution...

Fourteen volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—twelve hydrocarbons and two organochlorine compounds—were monitored both outdoors and indoors for three years at one site in Rome. Results showed that 118 out of 168 indoor seasonal mean values were higher t...

With increasing global climate change, extreme weather threats to indoor environments are growing. Heatwave events provide essential data for building thermal resilience analysis. However, existing heatwave definition indicators vary widely and lack...

Spaces are continuous realms where human beings freely navigate, such as from indoor to outdoor and optionally to another indoor space. However, currently available data models to represent space for navigation do not entirely reflect this continuity...

Epidemiological research has shown that there is a positive correlation between the incidence of disease and mortality in humans and the mass concentration of particulate matter. An average 1 g of suspended dust emitted in a room results in the same...

Outdoor access for owned domestic cats (Felis catus) is a divisive issue. Cat safety, mental and physical wellbeing, infectious diseases, and wildlife depredation are cited as factors influencing owners; however, the degree of consideration each fact...

With a rapidly-growing volume of volunteered geographic information (VGI), there is an increasing trend towards using VGI to provide location-based services. In this study, we investigate using OpenStreetMap data to integrate indoor and outdoor route...

Epidemiological studies have established a strong relationship between poor air quality and deteriorating human health, demanding urgent remedial measures. Specifically, indoor pollution is more critical, and outdoor pollutants significantly contribu...

The location and contextual status (indoor or outdoor) is fundamental and critical information for upper-layer applications, such as activity recognition and location-based services (LBS) for individuals. In addition, optimizations of building manage...

Veterinarian and client discussions about indoor–outdoor cats, although challenging, can impact decisions made regarding cat care and outdoor access. An online survey, exploring topics discussed with clients regarding indoor–outdoor cats...

Vitamin D, its importance in different processes taking place in the human body, the effects of abnormal levels of this hormone, either too low or too high, and the need for supplementation have been extensively researched thus far. Variances in expo...

Outdoor environment exchanges heat with indoor environment, enabling pollutants to infiltrate indoors, affecting buildings’ energy efficiency, comfort, and indoor air quality. Investigating the impact of the outdoor environment on the indoor th...

This paper investigates the localization of mobile robots in both indoor and outdoor scenarios. A zonotopic set-membership approach is proposed to fuse global navigation satellite system and odometry data outdoors, and 2D laser and odometry data indo...

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was simultaneously collected from the indoor and outdoor environments in urban area of Jinan in North China from November to December 2018 to evaluate the characteristics and sources of indoor PM2.5 pollution. The conc...

Recent advances in mobile communication require that indoor/outdoor environment information be available for both individual applications and wireless signal transmission in order to improve interference control and serve upper-layer applications. In...

Mechanical ventilation consumes a huge amount of global energy. Natural ventilation is a crucial solution for reducing energy consumption and enhancing the capacity of atmospheric self-purification. This paper evaluates the impacts of indoor-outdoor...

Traditionally, the standards of spatial modeling are oriented to represent the quantitative information of space. However, in recent years an increasingly common challenge is appearing: flexibly and appropriately integrating quantitative information...

Recently, the requirements regarding the environment of nursing homes are high, because the elderly are a vulnerable group with limited adaptive capacity to respond to transient environmental change. This paper presents a field investigation on the i...

This work introduces a light harvesting system with battery management. In contrast to relevant solutions that operate in limited ranges, the proposed system covers a wide operating input power range from 10 uW up to 300 mW. Specifically, experimenta...

Exposure to airborne particles is a risk factor of many short- and long-term health effects. Most epidemiological studies include estimates of exposure to ambient particles, however, people living in developed countries spend most of their time indoo...

Aligning indoor and outdoor point clouds is a challenging problem since the overlapping area is usually limited, thus resulting in a lack of correspondence features. The windows and doors can be observed from both sides and are usually utilized as sh...

Noise exposure prediction models for health effect studies normally estimate free field exposure levels outside. However, to assess the noise exposure inside dwellings, an estimate of indoor sound levels is necessary. To date, little field data is av...

While both outdoor and indoor localization methods are flourishing, how to properly marry them to offer pervasive localizability in urban areas remains open. Recently, proposals on indoor–outdoor detection have made the first step towards such...

Indoor and outdoor mapping studies can be completed relatively quickly, depending on the developments in Mobile Mapping Systems. Especially in indoor environments where high accuracy GNSS positions cannot be used, mapping studies can be carried out w...

Cat welfare is a topic of growing interest in the scientific literature. Although previous studies have focused on the effects of living style (i.e., indoor/outdoor) on cat welfare, there has been a noticeable dearth of analysis regarding the impact...

This paper investigates the throughput optimization strategy in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled emergency outdoor–indoor fairness communication scenario, with the UAV as a mobile relay station in the air, to provide outdoor–indoo...

Monitoring indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools is critical because children spend most of their daytime inside. One of the main air pollutant sources in urban areas is road traffic, which greatly influences air quality. Thus, this study addresses, in...

Health hazards caused by indoor air pollution (IAP) remain a global concern, especially in developing countries. IAP has complex mechanisms related to outdoor air pollution (OAP) and various other factors, and their relationship needs to be clarified...

Purpose: To examine the wavelength characteristics of photochromic contact lenses (CL) and evaluate the impact of tinting on visual function in indoor, outdoor, and glare environments. Methods: A total of 33 healthy individuals with refractive errors...