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1,941 Results Found

  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
38 Citations
9,003 Views
11 Pages

In Field Fruit Sizing Using A Smart Phone Application

  • Zhenglin Wang,
  • Anand Koirala,
  • Kerry Walsh,
  • Nicholas Anderson and
  • Brijesh Verma

5 October 2018

In field (on tree) fruit sizing has value in assessing crop health and for yield estimation. As the mobile phone is a sensor and communication rich device carried by almost all farm staff, an Android application (“FruitSize”) was develope...

  • Review
  • Open Access
41 Citations
13,439 Views
31 Pages

Fruit Sizing in Orchard: A Review from Caliper to Machine Vision with Deep Learning

  • Chiranjivi Neupane,
  • Maisa Pereira,
  • Anand Koirala and
  • Kerry B. Walsh

10 April 2023

Forward estimates of harvest load require information on fruit size as well as number. The task of sizing fruit and vegetables has been automated in the packhouse, progressing from mechanical methods to machine vision over the last three decades. Thi...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
4,225 Views
17 Pages

Estimation of fruit size on-tree is useful for yield estimation, harvest timing and market planning. Automation of measurement of fruit size on-tree is possible using RGB-depth (RGB-D) cameras, if partly occluded fruit can be removed from considerati...

  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
79 Citations
10,031 Views
14 Pages

Evaluation of Depth Cameras for Use in Fruit Localization and Sizing: Finding a Successor to Kinect v2

  • Chiranjivi Neupane,
  • Anand Koirala,
  • Zhenglin Wang and
  • Kerry Brian Walsh

5 September 2021

Eight depth cameras varying in operational principle (stereoscopy: ZED, ZED2, OAK-D; IR active stereoscopy: Real Sense D435; time of flight (ToF): Real Sense L515, Kinect v2, Blaze 101, Azure Kinect) were compared in context of use for in-orchard fru...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,346 Views
13 Pages

Variations in Fruit Ploidy Level and Cell Size between Small- and Large-Fruited Olive Cultivars during Fruit Ontogeny

  • Maria C. Camarero,
  • Beatriz Briegas,
  • Jorge Corbacho,
  • Juana Labrador,
  • Ángel-Carlos Román,
  • Antía Verde,
  • Mercedes Gallardo and
  • Maria C. Gomez-Jimenez

29 March 2024

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the major oil fruit tree crops worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying olive fruit growth remain poorly understood. Here, we examine questions regarding the interaction of endoreduplication, cell division, and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,714 Views
12 Pages

The MdAux/IAA2 Transcription Repressor Regulates Cell and Fruit Size in Apple Fruit

  • Haidong Bu,
  • Xiaohuan Sun,
  • Pengtao Yue,
  • Junling Qiao,
  • Jiamao Sun,
  • Aide Wang,
  • Hui Yuan and
  • Wenquan Yu

21 August 2022

Auxin plays an important role in regulating plant development, and Auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA) is a type of auxin-responsive gene and plays an important role in auxin signaling; to date, although 29 Aux/IAA proteins have been reported in Abrab...

  • Article
  • Open Access
57 Citations
18,585 Views
17 Pages

Cucumber Fruit Size and Shape Variations Explored from the Aspects of Morphology, Histology, and Endogenous Hormones

  • Xiaoxiao Liu,
  • Yupeng Pan,
  • Ce Liu,
  • Yuanyuan Ding,
  • Xiao Wang,
  • Zhihui Cheng and
  • Huanwen Meng

19 June 2020

Fruit size and shape are important qualities and yield traits in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), but the factors that influence fruit size and shape remain to be explored. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes of fruit size and shape from...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,258 Views
23 Pages

Comparative Anatomical and Transcriptomics Reveal the Larger Cell Size as a Major Contributor to Larger Fruit Size in Apricot

  • Mengzhen Huang,
  • Xuchun Zhu,
  • Haikun Bai,
  • Chu Wang,
  • Ningning Gou,
  • Yujing Zhang,
  • Chen Chen,
  • Mingyu Yin,
  • Lin Wang and
  • Tana Wuyun

Fruit size is one of the essential quality traits and influences the economic value of apricots. To explore the underlying mechanisms of the formation of differences in fruit size in apricots, we performed a comparative analysis of anatomical and tra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,171 Views
12 Pages

Fruit size is an important factor for the sale of fruit in fresh markets. Fruit size prediction early in the growing season would help with planning harvest operations, administering marketing strategies and an advance determination of the proportion...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
4,738 Views
16 Pages

Pear (Pyrus L.) is an important commercial fruit in the world. The fruit size is one of the important characters in fruit quality. The previous research reported that the fruit size of pear was mainly caused by the number of cell in about 40 days aft...

  • Article
  • Open Access
171 Citations
15,957 Views
15 Pages

On-Tree Mango Fruit Size Estimation Using RGB-D Images

  • Zhenglin Wang,
  • Kerry B. Walsh and
  • Brijesh Verma

28 November 2017

In-field mango fruit sizing is useful for estimation of fruit maturation and size distribution, informing the decision to harvest, harvest resourcing (e.g., tray insert sizes), and marketing. In-field machine vision imaging has been used for fruit co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,769 Views
12 Pages

Cytological and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insights into Persimmon Fruit Size Formation (Diospyros kaki Thunb.)

  • Huawei Li,
  • Yujing Suo,
  • Hui Li,
  • Peng Sun,
  • Shuzhan Li,
  • Deyi Yuan,
  • Weijuan Han and
  • Jianmin Fu

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit size variation is abundant. Studying the size of the persimmon fruit is helpful in improving its economic value. At present, the regulatory mechanism of persimmon fruit size formation is still unclear. In this...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
2,863 Views
16 Pages

14 November 2022

Fruit shape and size are complex traits influenced by numerous factors, especially genetics and environment factors. To explore the mechanism of fruit shape and size development in cucumber, a pair of near-isogenic lines (NIL) Ln35 and Ln37 were used...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,164 Views
23 Pages

12 September 2025

Apple fruit size affects market value, yet its impact on biochemical and sensory traits is poorly understood. This study provides the first comprehensive metabolic profiling of peel and flesh across five cultivars, including red-fleshed ‘Baya M...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,493 Views
16 Pages

Transcriptome Analysis of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Reveals Candidate Genes Associated with Fruit Size

  • Shuting Qiao,
  • Yufei Xu,
  • Qizan Hu,
  • Wenqi Dong,
  • Shengmi He,
  • Xingjiang Qi and
  • Yuyan Sun

30 July 2022

Sponge gourd belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and Luffa genus. It is an economically valuable vegetable crop with medicinal properties. The fruit size of sponge gourd presents distinct diversity; however, the molecular insights of fruit size regul...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
23 Citations
3,873 Views
14 Pages

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Two Bottle Gourd Accessions Differing in Fruit Size

  • Hongyuan Zhang,
  • Jie Tan,
  • Min Zhang,
  • Shuping Huang and
  • Xia Chen

27 March 2020

The bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is an important horticultural and medicinal crop with high nutritional value. This study aimed at examining the molecular regulation of fruit size in bottle gourd. We performed transcriptome sequencing of two bo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,012 Views
19 Pages

The Potential Role of Auxin and Abscisic Acid Balance and FtARF2 in the Final Size Determination of Tartary Buckwheat Fruit

  • Moyang Liu,
  • Zhaotang Ma,
  • Tianrun Zheng,
  • Jing Wang,
  • Li Huang,
  • Wenjun Sun,
  • Yanjun Zhang,
  • Weiqiong Jin,
  • Junyi Zhan and
  • Gang Zhao
  • + 7 authors

13 September 2018

Tartary buckwheat is a type of cultivated medicinal and edible crop with good economic and nutritional value. Knowledge of the final fruit size of buckwheat is critical to its yield increase. In this study, the fruit development of two species of Tar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
679 Views
20 Pages

Ole-e-1 Interacts with FWL Genes to Modulate Cell Division and Determine Fruit Size in Pears

  • Jingyi Sai,
  • Yue Wen,
  • Yan Zhang,
  • Xiaoqiu Pu,
  • Chen Chen,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Mengli Zhu and
  • Jia Tian

10 September 2025

The fw2.2 (fruit weight 2.2) gene negatively regulates cell division and significantly influences fruit size, but its regulatory mechanisms in pears remain unclear. Here, we investigated how pear FWL (fw2.2-like) genes control cell division using Dul...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,275 Views
19 Pages

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identified Genes Associated with Fruit Size in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

  • Yuxin Zheng,
  • Qilong Ma,
  • Lianzhen Mao,
  • Zhuoxuan Wu,
  • Zhoubin Liu,
  • Xuexiao Zou and
  • Bozhi Yang

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops in China, with widespread cultivation worldwide. Fruit weight (size) is a complex trait controlled by multiple factors and is an essential determinant of pepper yield. In thi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
9,255 Views
18 Pages

Cell Division Controls Final Fruit Size in Three Apple (Malus x domestica) Cultivars

  • Siti Khadijah A. Karim,
  • Andrew C. Allan,
  • Robert J. Schaffer and
  • Karine M. David

Apple (Malus x domestica) fruit size is dependent on cell division and cell expansion, processes that are subsequently regulated by plant hormones such as auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins. In this study, we investigated the role of cell division...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,605 Views
14 Pages

Forecast of tree fruit yield requires prediction of harvest time fruit size as well as fruit number. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit mass can be estimated from correlation to measurements of fruit length (L), width (W) and thickness (T). On-tree me...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,282 Views
21 Pages

Genome-Wide Analysis of SAUR Gene Family Identifies a Candidate Associated with Fruit Size in Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)

  • Ze Peng,
  • Wenxiang Li,
  • Xiaoqing Gan,
  • Chongbin Zhao,
  • Dev Paudel,
  • Wenbing Su,
  • Juan Lv,
  • Shunquan Lin,
  • Zongli Liu and
  • Xianghui Yang

31 October 2022

Fruit size is an important fruit quality trait that influences the production and commodity values of loquats (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). The Small Auxin Upregulated RNA (SAUR) gene family has proven to play a vital role in the fruit development of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,102 Views
15 Pages

Combined BSA-Seq and RNA-Seq to Identify Potential Genes Regulating Fruit Size in Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L.)

  • Huarong Fang,
  • Shishi Huang,
  • Ruirui Li,
  • Peng Wang,
  • Qingwei Jiang,
  • Chuan Zhong,
  • Yanjuan Yang and
  • Wenjin Yu

3 August 2024

Fruit size is a crucial agronomic trait in bottle gourd, impacting both yield and utility. Despite its significance, the regulatory mechanism governing fruit size in bottle gourd remains largely unknown. In this study, we used bottle gourd (small-fru...

  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,303 Views
19 Pages

19 September 2023

Postharvest quality detection and grading are important factors to improve the commercial value of fruit. The natural biological characteristics bring challenges to the rapid and non-destructive evaluation of the internal quality of fruits with large...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,030 Views
21 Pages

25 September 2025

As the only harvest organ of pepper, fruit size is an important yield determinant. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying pepper fruit size, we performed histological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses on the pepper varieties QB6 (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
182 Views
17 Pages

The Bigger, the Better: Genetic and Phenotypic Analysis of Fruit Size in Sweet (Prunus avium L.) and Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) Germplasm

  • Sámuel Szilágyi,
  • Francesco Desiderio,
  • Balázs Marton,
  • Piroska Mohay,
  • Alejandro Therese Navarro and
  • Zsuzsanna Békefi

10 March 2026

Fruit size and weight are valuable characteristics for cherry breeders, mainly because of their higher market price. Several molecular markers have been developed in recent years and have been correlated with fruit weight. In cherries, FW_G2a was ide...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
4,052 Views
10 Pages

28 June 2022

The transmission spectrum of apples is affected by the fruit’s size, which leads to poor prediction performance of the soluble solids content (SSC) models built for their different apple sizes. In this paper, three sets of near infrared (NIR) s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,791 Views
17 Pages

Construction of a High-Density Genetic Linkage Map Based on Bin Markers and Mapping of QTLs Associated with Fruit Size in Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

  • Tianfa Guo,
  • Qianqian Qiu,
  • Fenfen Yan,
  • Zhongtang Wang,
  • Jingkai Bao,
  • Zhi Yang,
  • Yilei Xia,
  • Jiurui Wang,
  • Cuiyun Wu and
  • Mengjun Liu

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is a fruit tree that is gaining increasing importance in drought-affected regions worldwide. The fruit size is an important quantitative agronomic trait that affects not only the fruit yield and attractiveness but also...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,259 Views
14 Pages

Particle Size Effect on Anaerobic Digestion of Fruit and Vegetable Waste

  • José Vian,
  • Alejandra Velasco-Pérez,
  • Rocío Solar-González,
  • Tania García-Herrera,
  • Hector Puebla and
  • Guadalupe Vivar-Vera

During the anaerobic digestion (AD) of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW), excessive particle size reduction can lead to the overproduction and inhibition of methanogenic microorganisms. This paper presents an in-depth analysis through experimental assa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,009 Views
16 Pages

29 October 2022

Size is the most important quality attribute of giant pumpkin fruit. Different concentrations and application frequencies of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) were sprayed on the leaves and fruits of giant pumpkin at d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,175 Views
16 Pages

The size of leaves and fruits is a crucial agronomic and economic trait for fruit trees. The ‘Bartlett’ pear is a famous cultivar with succulent and delicious fruit and is cultivated globally. ‘Xiang shuomi’ is a bud sport of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,606 Views
14 Pages

Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Distinct Features of Metabolism Pathways Supporting the Fruit Size and Color Variation of Giant Pumpkin

  • Wenhao Xia,
  • Chen Chen,
  • Siying Jin,
  • Huimin Chang,
  • Xianjun Ding,
  • Qinyi Fan,
  • Zhiping Zhang,
  • Bing Hua,
  • Minmin Miao and
  • Jiexia Liu

Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) is an important vegetable crop of the Cucurbitaceae plant family. The fruits of pumpkin are often used as directly edible food or raw material for a number of processed foods. In nature, mature pumpkin fruits differ in size...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,212 Views
15 Pages

19 December 2023

Background: The firmness, weight, and size of blueberries are vital for commercial success of this crop. Fertilization is a key agronomic management practice that affects fruit quality, where calcium (Ca) plays a critical role. This study aimed to as...

  • Article
  • Open Access
625 Views
24 Pages

Overexpression of SlMADS48 Alters the Structure of Inflorescence and the Sizes of Sepal and Fruit in Tomato

  • Pengyu Guo,
  • Xin Cheng,
  • Chuanji Xing,
  • Zihan Gao,
  • Jing Xue,
  • Xiuhai Zhang,
  • Guoping Chen,
  • Xuqing Chen and
  • Zongli Hu

24 October 2025

MADS-box transcription factors play a vital role in the development of reproductive organs and fruits. However, the mechanisms by which MADS-box transcription factors participate in determining the size of organs remain incompletely understood. This...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,323 Views
12 Pages

4 July 2024

This study aimed to determine the association between demographic factors, body size, and fruit and vegetable intake in the general population, focusing on individuals with both low and high skin carotenoid levels. This cross-sectional study was cond...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,180 Views
19 Pages

22 November 2025

Fruit size is a key economic trait in horticultural crops, determined by an integrated network of genetic, hormonal, epigenetic, and environmental factors. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding this regulation. Genetically, key qua...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,631 Views
16 Pages

Particle Size Effect on Biodegradability and Kinetics During Anaerobic Digestion of Fruit and Vegetable Waste

  • Sergio Esteban Vigueras-Carmona,
  • Alejandra Velasco-Pérez,
  • María Monserrat Montes-García,
  • Hector Puebla,
  • Mariana Rodríguez-Jara and
  • José Vian

21 March 2025

This study examines the anaerobic digestion (AD) of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and digestates to assess the effect of particle size on anaerobic biodegradability (AB) and process rate at different stages of digestion progress. Batch assays were...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,416 Views
19 Pages

10 May 2023

To produce high-quality crops, not only excellent cultivation techniques but also accurate nutrient management techniques are important. In recent years, many nondestructive tools such as the chlorophyll meter “SPAD” and the leaf nitrogen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,123 Views
16 Pages

Optimizing Fruit-Thinning Strategies in Peach (Prunus persica) Production

  • Mary Sutton,
  • John Doyle,
  • Dario Chavez and
  • Anish Malladi

Fruit size is a highly valued commercial trait in peach. Competition among fruit and among other sinks on a tree reduces potential growth rate of the fruit. Hence, crop-load management strategies such as thinning (removal of flowers or fruit) are oft...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,471 Views
20 Pages

Hormonal Content and Gene Expression during Olive Fruit Growth and Ripening

  • Maria C. Camarero,
  • Beatriz Briegas,
  • Jorge Corbacho,
  • Juana Labrador and
  • Maria C. Gomez-Jimenez

12 November 2023

The cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) is one of the most valuable fruit trees worldwide. However, the hormonal mechanisms underlying the fruit growth and ripening in olives remain largely uncharacterized. In this study...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,612 Views
14 Pages

31 July 2020

Fruit shape and size are important assessment parameters to evaluate and classify accessions in cucumber breeding. Clarifying the relations of the shape and size of commodity fruits or mature fruits to that of other organs, like seed, leaf, flower an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,734 Views
17 Pages

Identification of Genetic Markers and Genes Putatively Involved in Determining Olive Fruit Weight

  • Martín Moret,
  • Jorge A. Ramírez-Tejero,
  • Alicia Serrano,
  • Elena Ramírez-Yera,
  • María D. Cueva-López,
  • Angjelina Belaj,
  • Lorenzo León,
  • Raúl de la Rosa,
  • Aureliano Bombarely and
  • Francisco Luque

29 December 2022

The fruit size of a cultivated olive tree is consistently larger than its corresponding wild relatives because fruit size is one of the main traits associated with olive tree domestication. Additionally, large fruit size is one of the main objectives...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,091 Views
18 Pages

Endocarp Development Study in Full Irrigated Olive Orchards and Impact on Fruit Features at Harvest

  • Marta Sánchez-Piñero,
  • María José Martín-Palomo,
  • Alfonso Moriana,
  • Mireia Corell and
  • David Pérez-López

15 December 2022

Endocarp development in olive trees includes three periods: growth (Period I), massive sclerification (Period II) and maximum hardening (Period III). The two first are strongly related to yield and irrigation management. Period I was reported to coin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,697 Views
15 Pages

QTL Mapping of Tomato Fruit Weight-Related Traits Using Solanum pimpinellifolium Introgression Lines

  • Yuanhao Zhang,
  • Fei Ding,
  • Huiling Qui,
  • Yingjie Tian,
  • Fangling Jiang,
  • Rong Zhou and
  • Zhen Wu

8 August 2025

As the primary harvested organ, fruit size and weight hold significant economic importance during tomato production. Therefore, elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying fruit size and weight is of considerable agronomic value. In this study, the...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,914 Views
12 Pages

The fruit set in monovarietal ‘Manzanillo’ olive orchards is significantly increased under cross-pollination. This response lead to pollination designs including pollinizer selection, the number of pollinizer trees per hectare and their d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
91 Citations
9,420 Views
19 Pages

The Application of a Plant Biostimulant Based on Seaweed and Yeast Extract Improved Tomato Fruit Development and Quality

  • Giuseppe Mannino,
  • Cristina Campobenedetto,
  • Ivano Vigliante,
  • Valeria Contartese,
  • Carla Gentile and
  • Cinzia M. Bertea

12 December 2020

Plant biostimulants are under investigation as innovative products to improve plant production and fruit quality, without resulting in environmental and food contaminations. Here, the effects of the application of Expando, a biostimulant based on sea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,384 Views
35 Pages

29 May 2023

Although functional ecology is a well-established field, our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological significance of the reproductive traits in macrofungi is still limited. Here, we reconstructed a phylogeny tree of gomphoid fungi in the nar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
3,766 Views
17 Pages

Trunk Water Potential Measured with Microtensiometers for Managing Water Stress in “Gala” Apple Trees

  • Luis Gonzalez Nieto,
  • Annika Huber,
  • Rui Gao,
  • Erica Casagrande Biasuz,
  • Lailiang Cheng,
  • Abraham D. Stroock,
  • Alan N. Lakso and
  • Terence L. Robinson

8 May 2023

The weather variations around the world are already having a profound impact on agricultural production. This impacts apple production and the quality of the product. Through agricultural precision, growers attempt to optimize both yield and fruit si...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,081 Views
15 Pages

Automated On-Tree Detection and Size Estimation of Pomegranates by a Farmer Robot

  • Rosa Pia Devanna,
  • Francesco Vicino,
  • Simone Pietro Garofalo,
  • Gaetano Alessandro Vivaldi,
  • Simone Pascuzzi,
  • Giulio Reina and
  • Annalisa Milella

23 September 2025

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit size estimation plays a crucial role in orchard management decision-making, especially for fruit quality assessment and yield prediction. Currently, fruit sizing for pomegranates is performed manually using caliper...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,781 Views
20 Pages

Typically, developing new digital agriculture technologies requires substantial on-site resources and data. However, the crop’s growth cycle provides only limited time windows for experiments and equipment validation. This study presents a phot...

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