138 Results Found

In the present work, we investigate the possibility that long-range airborne transport of infectious aerosols could initiate an epidemic outbreak at distances downwind beyond one hundred kilometers. For this, we have developed a simple atmospheric tr...

Due to the lack of timely protection measures against infectious diseases, or based on the particularity of the transmission of some infectious diseases and the time-varying connections between people, the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases...

One year after the first autochthonous transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) to birds and horses in Germany, an epizootic emergence of WNV was again observed in 2019. The number of infected birds and horses was considerably higher compared to 2018 (1...

Pandemic bonds can be used as an effective tool to mitigate the economic losses that governments face during pandemics and transfer them to the global capital market. Once considered as an “uninsurable” event, pandemic bonds caught the at...

Epidemics spread through shipping networks and have dual characteristics as both biological sources of infection and triggers of cascading failures. However, existing resilience models fail to capture this dual and coupled dynamics. To minimize the c...

Climate variables influence the occurrence, growth, and distribution of Vibrio cholerae in the aquatic environment. Together with socio-economic factors, these variables affect the incidence and intensity of cholera outbreaks. The current pandemic of...

This paper introduces the mathematical formalization of two probabilistic procedures for susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) and susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) infectious diseases epidemic models, over Erdös-Rényi contact network...

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae), a prevalent respiratory pathogen affecting children and adolescents, is known to trigger periodic global epidemics. The most recent significant outbreak commenced in the first half of 2023 and reached its peak g...

The Dark Web is known as a place triggering a variety of criminal activities. Anonymization techniques enable illegal operations, leading to the loss of confidential information and its further use as bait, a trade product or even a crime tool. Despi...

Chilean seismic activity is one of the strongest in the world. As already shown in previous papers, seismic activity can be usefully described by a space–time branching process, such as the ETAS (Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequences) model, which is a...

The 2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has largely subsided, but a key question remains. How did ZIKV evolve to become a virulent human pathogen compared to the virus of its original discovery? What specific virologic and pathologic changes contributed...

Cholera remains a heavy burden worldwide, especially in Sub-Saharan African countries, which account for the majority of the reported cases on the continent. In this study, a 27-year retrospective analysis of cholera epidemics in Guinea-Bissau was pe...

The outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019 triggered more psychological problems than usual among the public. During this epidemic, the use of social media was very high, and several studies confirmed a positive correlation between social media use...

The new porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has caused devastating economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Despite extensive research on the relationship between autophagy and virus infection, the concrete role of autophagy in porcine epidemic d...

Two new ecoepidemic models of predator–prey type are introduced. They feature prey that gather in herds. The specific novelty consists of the fact that the prey also has the ability to defend themselves if they are in large numbers. The two det...

The Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model is a widely used tool for cluster analysis and forecasting, owing to its ability to accurately predict aftershock occurrences. However, its capacity to explain the increase in seismic activity prior...

Human influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause global pandemics and epidemics, which remain serious threats to public health because of the shortage of effective means of control. To combat the surge of viral outbreaks, new treatments are urgently needed. De...

Negative online public sentiment generated by government mishandling of pandemics and other disasters can easily trigger widespread panic and distrust, causing great harm. It is important to understand the law of public sentiment dissemination and us...

Diabetes mellitus is considered to be a global epidemic. The combination of genetic susceptibility and an unhealthy lifestyle is considered to be the main trigger of this metabolic disorder. Recently, there has been increased interest in the roles of...

Triggered by COVID-19, one of the most dramatic crashes in the stock market in history occurred in March 2020. The sharp reductions in NASDAQ insurance stock indexes were observed after the occurrence of COVID-19 and in March 2020. In this study, the...

Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a scarring alopecia, the prevalence of which is increasing worldwide since its first description in 1994. The reason for this emerging epidemic may be a higher exposure to an unknown trigger, although its aethiology and...

Obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia are all clusters of an entity called “Metabolic Syndrome”. The global trends of this syndrome’s incidence/prevalence continue to increase reciprocally, converting it into a...

Nonpharmaceutical policies for epidemic prevention and control have been extensively used since the outbreak of COVID-19. Policies ultimately work by limiting individual behavior. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of policies by...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly transformed the global scenario, marked by overwhelming infections, fatalities, overburdened healthcare infrastructures, economic upheavals, and significant lifestyle modifications. Concurrently, the R...

The online public opinion is the sum of public views, attitudes and emotions spread on major public health emergencies through the Internet, which maps out the scope of influence and the disaster situation of public health events in real space. Based...

The opioid epidemic was triggered by an overprescription of opioid analgesics. In the treatment of chronic pain, repeated opioid administrations are required which ultimately lead to tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction. A possible way to ov...

We propose to view social conflicts in Africa as having similarities with earthquake occurrences and hence to consider the spatial-temporal Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model. The parameters of this highly parameterized model are estimate...

In recent decades, the world has observed the emergence and re-emergence of a multitude of previously non-existent or re-emerging infectious diseases, for which there is a paucity of timely and effective preventative measures. The WHO has published a...

The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has caused an unusual epidemiological scenario—an epidemic within a pandemic (COVID-19). Despite the inherent evolutionary and adaptive capacity of poxviruses, one of the potential triggers for the emergence of this e...

Gut microbes are immunologically tolerated in the gastrointestinal tract but trigger aggressive immune responses upon translocation across the gut barrier. Although oral tolerance, a physiological process that dampens immune responses to food protein...

In this work, a model is proposed to examine the role of viscoelasticity in the generation of simulated earthquake-like events. This model serves to investigate how nonlinear processes in the Earth’s crust affect the triggering and decay patter...

A number of nations were forced to declare a total shutdown due to COVID-19 infection, as extreme measure to cope with dramatic impact of the pandemic, with remarkable consequences both in terms of negative health outcomes and economic loses. However...

Background: The timely management of rapidly evolving epidemiological scenarios caused by disease outbreaks is crucial to prevent devastating consequences. However, delayed laboratory diagnostics can hamper swift health policy and epidemic response,...

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, driven by the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been characterized by the virus’s ongoing evolution, leading to the appearance of more transmissible...

Although the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been alleviated, its long-term effects continue to shape global health and public safety. Policymakers should prepare for potential future health crises and direct urban planning toward more...

During a widespread epidemic, a large portion of the population faces an increased risk of contracting infectious diseases such as COVID-19, monkeypox, and pneumonia. These outbreaks often trigger cascading effects, significantly impacting society an...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an intestinal infectious disease in pigs that causes serious economic losses to the pig industry. To develop an effective oral vaccine against PEDV infection, we use...

The seasonal flu vaccine is, essentially, the only known way to prevent influenza epidemics. However, this approach has limited efficacy due to the high diversity of influenza viruses. Several techniques could potentially overcome this obstacle. A re...

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), stands out as one of the most devastating epidemics impacting wheat production worldwide. Resistant wheat varieties had swiftly been overcome due to the emergence of new virulent Pst s...

Genetically diverse influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate in wild aquatic birds. From this reservoir, IAVs sporadically cause outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics in wild and domestic avians, wild land and sea mammals, horses, canines, felines, swine,...

Under modern intensive and large-scale animal farming practices, the high animal density and confined spaces have progressively elevated the risk of disease transmission while complicating epidemic prevention and control. Current estimates indicate t...

Nowadays, high epidemic obesity-triggered hypertension and diabetes seriously damage social public health. There is now a general consensus that the body’s fat content exceeding a certain threshold can lead to obesity. Calcium ion is one of the...

An increasing number of people are undergoing vaccination for COVID-19 because of the ongoing pandemic. The newly developed, genetically engineered mRNA vaccines are critical for controlling the epidemic disease. However, major adverse effects, inclu...

The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a global health problem, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. An effective HIV-1 vaccine is therefore badly required to mitigate this ever-expanding problem. Since HIV-1 infects its host through the mucosal surface, a vac...

An increase of seismic activity is often observed before large earthquakes. Events responsible for this increase are usually named foreshock and their occurrence probably represents the most reliable precursory pattern. Many foreshocks statistical fe...

Pandemic outbreaks often determine swift global reaction, proven by for example the more recent COVID-19, H1N1, Ebola, or SARS outbreaks. Therefore, policy makers now rely more than ever on computational tools to establish various protection policies...

After the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak erupted, it swiftly spread globally and triggered a severe public health crisis in 2019. To contain the virus’s spread, several countries implemented various lockdown measures. As the gover...

Background/Objectives: As of April 2025, La Réunion is facing a second major chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak, following the 2005–2006 epidemic that infected nearly one-third of the population. IXCHIQ®, a live-attenuated, single-do...

While porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infects and replicates in enterocytes lining villi of neonatal piglets with high efficiency, naturally isolated variants typically grow poorly in established cell lines, unless adapted by multiple passages...

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are emerging pathogens with a significant potential to cause life-threatening harm to human health. Since the beginning of the 21st century, three highly pathogenic and transmissible human CoVs have emerged, triggering epidemics...