To maintain proper indoor air quality and increase energy efficiency, a demand-control ventilation (DCV) system has become a popular solution. This paper reports the findings of a field study conducted on the performance of the DCV systems in eight p...
Poor indoor air quality (IAQ) in naturally ventilated school buildings remains a widespread problem, particularly during the heating season, when limited ventilation leads to elevated CO2 concentrations. At the same time, increasing ventilation rates...
This study investigates the performance of different demand-controlled ventilation strategies for improving indoor air quality while optimizing energy efficiency. The experimental research was conducted at the Indoor Live Lab at the University of Coi...
Humidity-sensitive, demand-controlled ventilation systems have been in use for many years in regions with oceanic climates. Some attempts have been made to apply this technology in Poland, which has a continental climate. This article evaluates the p...
Direction-sensitive visitor counting sensors can be used in demand-controlled ventilation (DCV). The counting performance of two light beam sensors and three camera sensors, all direction sensitive, was simultaneously evaluated at an indoor location....
The paper analyzes and compares the perspectives for reducing the energy consumption associated to the operation of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning system for climatic control of large-size non-residential buildings. Three different control...
Indoor air quality (IAQ) in educational buildings plays a critical role in the health, cognitive performance, and well-being of occupants. Aging university facilities often rely on outdated ventilation systems that are not designed to meet current de...
Airflow control is a key factor determining the operation of air-handling units (AHUs) with integrated exhaust air heat pumps, as it directly affects both the energy performance of the unit and the operating conditions of the heat pump. The effects o...
This paper explores innovative approaches to reducing energy consumption in building ventilation systems through the implementation of adaptive control strategies. Using a publicly available high-resolution dataset spanning a full year, the study int...
Microbiological contamination in public buildings is closely linked to human presence, such as airborne bacteria, fungi, and particulate matter, which strongly influence indoor air quality (IAQ). This study examined the distribution of microorganisms...
A ventilated window system enhanced by phase change material (PCM) has been developed, and its energy-saving potential examined in previous works. In this paper, the ventilation control strategies are further developed, to improve the energy-saving p...
In the development of fault-tolerant systems, simulation is a common technique used to obtain insights into performance and dependability because it saves time and avoids the risks of testing the behavior of real-world systems in the presence of faul...
Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems constitute the majority of the demands in modern power systems for aggregated buildings. However, HVAC integrated with renewable energy sources (RES) face notable issues, such as uneven demand&...
Unlike reactive systems, mechanical ventilation controlled by CO2 concentration operates at a target efficiency that dynamically increases whenever the target CO2 level is exceeded. This approach eliminates the typical ‘dead-time’ and pre...
The growing shortage of surface space in urban areas is forcing the construction of multi-level parking garages beneath shopping centers, which creates two critical challenges: the risk of toxic and explosive gases (CO, LPG) and energy-inefficient co...
Maintaining both indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort in buildings along with optimized energy consumption is a challenging problem. This investigation presents a novel design for hybrid ventilation system enabled by predictive control and so...
Ventilation systems are one of the most effective strategies to reduce the risk of viral infection transmission in buildings. However, insufficient ventilation rates in crowded spaces, such as schools, would lead to high risks of infection transmissi...
In this study, information pertaining to the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology for improving the performance of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems was collected. Among the 18 AI tools developed for HVAC con...
As energy consumption for building engineering systems is a major part of the total energy spent, it is necessary to reduce it. This leads to the need for the development of new solutions for the control of heating, ventilation, and conditioning (HVA...
Climate change and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have made energy efficiency in modern building operations more critical than ever. This study presents an improved damper control strategy for VAV systems, combined with techniques like D...
The integration of Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR) systems into heritage buildings poses a series of challenges, largely attributable to architectural constraints and conservation requirements. The present study offers an operational...
Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are large-scale distributed systems that can be subject to multiple faults affecting the electronics, sensors, and actuators, potentially causing high energy consumption, occupant discomfort,...
One of the main elements for increasing energy efficiency in large-scale buildings is identified in the correct management and control of the Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, particularly those with Heat Pumps (HPs). The prese...
As the demand for energy-efficient homes continues to rise, the importance of advanced mechanical ventilation systems in maintaining indoor air quality (IAQ) has become increasingly evident. However, challenges related to energy balance, IAQ, and occ...
As most residents spend more than 90% of their time in buildings, acceptable and reasonable control of both indoor thermal comfort and air quality is imperative to ensure occupants’ health status and work productivity. However, current control...
Current energy efficiency policies in buildings foster the promotion of energy retrofitting of the existing stock. In southern Spain, the most extensive public sector is that of educational buildings, which is especially subject to significant intern...
The need for healthy indoor conditions, the energy crisis, and environmental concerns make building ventilation systems very important today. The elements of ventilation systems to reduce energy intensity are constantly the subject of much scientific...
This work proposes three switched control strategies for aggregated heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in commercial buildings to track the automatic generation control (AGC) signal in smart grid. The existing control strategie...
This work provides a case study on the indoor environment and ventilation rate of naturally ventilated research student rooms in Chinese universities. In the measured room, air temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration wer...
3 October 2024
The increasing utilisation of demand-controlled ventilation strategies leads to the frequent operation of fans under part-load conditions. To accurately predict the energy demand of a ventilation system with a fan array in the early design stages, mo...
Historic building restoration and renovation requires sensitivity to the cultural heritage, historic value, and sustainability (i.e., building physics, energy efficiency, and comfort) goals of the project. Energy-efficient ventilation such as demand-...
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the engineering/technical approach to building and plant design. In Italy, most of the school heritage belongs to historical buildings, which are not only under constraints for the protection and prevention of loss o...
This paper describes development of a novel mid-infrared light emitting diode (LED) and photodiode (PD) light source/detector combination and use within a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) carbon dioxide gas sensor. The LED/PD based NDIR sensor provid...
Air ventilation rate plays a relevant role in maintaining adequate indoor air quality (IAQ) conditions in public buildings. In general, high ventilation rates ensure good indoor air quality but entail relevant energy consumption. Considering the nece...
A new model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is used to select optimal air conditioning setpoints for a commercial office building, considering variable electricity prices, weather and occupancy. This algorithm, Cost-Comfort Particle Swarm Optimiza...
Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) units in buildings form a system-of-subsystems entity that must be accurately integrated and controlled by the building automation system to ensure the occupants’ comfort with reduced energy cons...
Maintaining good indoor air quality (IAQ) is essential for student health, cognitive performance, and overall well-being. Traditional ventilation strategies, particularly constant air volume systems and manual window operation, often fail to maintain...
The study continues the theoretical derivation from Part 1, and the experiment is carried out at a bus station equipped with six water-cooled chillers. Between 2012 and 2017, historical data collected from temperature and humidity sensors, as well as...
The growing concern over indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort in classrooms, especially post-COVID-19, underscores the critical need for optimal ventilation systems to bolster students’ health and academic performance. This study explor...
Residential electricity demand in Bahrain is strongly shaped by long cooling seasons, high air-conditioning dependence and the operation of standardised housing typologies. This paper evaluates the energy and comfort implications of applying a contro...
Energy codes require envelope airtightness that pushes natural air exchange below 0.30–0.35 h−1, turning the dwelling into a partly closed compartment of the reactive nitrogen cycle. This review synthesizes 82 studies on reactive nitrogen...
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system performance research has received much attention in recent years. Many researchers suggest a set of appropriate fuzzy inputs that can be used to design fuzzy rules-based smart thermostats or co...
We present the design, construction and operation of a novel building systems laboratory, the BubbleZERO—Zero Emission Research Operation. Our objective was to design a space to evaluate the performance of Swiss-developed low exergy building systems...
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a critical determinant of health, comfort, and productivity, and is strongly connected to building energy demand due to the role of ventilation and air treatment in HVAC systems. This review examines recent applications of...
Residential buildings must now be designed and retrofitted as adaptive climate–health–work systems rather than as static housing units. This structured literature review synthesises peer-reviewed journal and conference evidence on residen...
Recently, there has been an increase in apartments with a large number of inhabitants, i.e., high residential density. This is partly due to a housing shortage in general but also increased migration, particularly in suburbs of major cities. This pap...
One of the technical solutions to improve indoor thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption in buildings is the use of demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) systems. The choice of the control method becomes more important when the walls in the room...
Facing the current sustainability challenges requires reduction in building stock energy usage towards achieving the European Green Deal targets. This can be accomplished by adopting techniques such as fault detection and diagnosis and efficiency opt...
There are many different factors affecting indoor air quality: environmental ones such as temperature, humidity, human activities within the building, smoking, cooking, and cleaning, but also external pollutants such as particulate matter, biological...
Indoor sports facilities face distinctive indoor air quality (IAQ) challenges due to high occupant density, elevated metabolic emissions, and diverse pollutant sources associated with physical activity. This review presents a narrative synthesis of m...
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