The use of nonlinear, large-deformation, dynamic finite element analysis (FEA) has become a cornerstone in crash test simulations, playing a pivotal role in evaluating the safety performance of critical civil infrastructures, including soil-embedded...
Crash cushions are designed to gradually absorb the kinetic energy of an impacting vehicle and bring it to a controlled stop within an acceptable distance while maintaining a limited amount of deceleration on the occupants. These cushions are used to...
The article presents a model of an anthropometric dummy designed for low velocity crash tests, designed in ADAMS. The model consists of rigid bodies connected with special joints with appropriately selected stiffness and damping. The simulation dummy...
Recently, the automotive industry has used simulation programs much more often than experimental research. Computer simulations are more and more often used due to the repeatability of simulation conditions and the possibility of making modifications...
Rear-end collisions represent a major concern in automotive safety, particularly due to the risk of whiplash injuries among vehicle occupants. The accurate simulation of occupant kinematics during such impacts is critical for the development of advan...
The accurate modeling of dynamic soil–structure interaction processes under impact loading is critical for advancing the design of soil-embedded barrier systems. Full-scale crash testing remains the benchmark for evaluating barrier performance;...
In this paper, numerical simulations of the EN 12767 test procedure for a vehicle–lighting pole crash are presented. A representative soil–vehicle–lighting pole model is first developed. The Geo Metro vehicle model is used, and significant attention...
A high-precision ground microgravity simulation environment serves as the prerequisite and key to studying landing dynamics in microgravity environments. However, the microgravity level accuracy in traditional ground simulation tests is difficult to...
Understanding the dynamic interaction between piles and the surrounding soil under vehicular impacts is essential for effectively designing and optimizing soil-embedded vehicle barrier systems. The complex behavior of pile–soil systems under im...
Recent fire incidents following electric vehicle (EV) collisions have been increasing rapidly in Korea, corresponding to the growing distribution of EVs. While the overall number of EV fires is lower compared to those involving internal combustion en...
During the last decades, high manganese steels (HMnS) were considered as promising materials for crash-relevant automobile components due to their extraordinary energy absorption capability in tensile tests. However, in the case of a crash, the speci...
Advanced finite element (FE) modeling and simulations were performed on vehicular crashes into a three-bar metal bridge rail (TMBR). The FE models of a sedan, a pickup truck, and a TMBR section were adopted in the crash simulations subject to Manual...
When a train crashes with another train at a high speed, it will lead to significant financial losses and societal costs. Carrying out a train-to-train crash test is of great significance to reproducing the collision response and assessing the safety...
An electric heavy quadricycle, categorized as an L7e vehicle, is an alternative solution for sustainable mobility with a lower carbon footprint and high energy consumption efficiency. However, accidental crashes of quadricycles with larger vehicle op...
Road equipment, such as, e.g., road safety barriers and lighting columns, are subject to certification according to the EN1317 standard to be allowed for use on European roads. In engineering practice, due to the terrain conditions, there are cases w...
This paper presents an investigation of the performance of a 22 MnB5 tube after local heat treatment according to a patterning shape under dynamic crash test conditions to propose the patterning shape with the best energy absorption efficiency. Numer...
In this study, we propose an optimization method for occupant protection systems using a machine learning technique. First, a crash simulation model was developed for a Euro NCAP MPDB frontal crash test condition. Second, a series of parametric simul...
In recent years, passive vehicle safety has become one of the major concerns for the automotive industry due to the considerable increase in the use of cars as a means of daily transport. Since real crash testing has a high financial cost, finite ele...
Inappropriate or unsafe speed is one of the main factors that affects the number of road crashes as well as the severity of the consequences. Research shows that speed is an influential factor in the occurrence of road crashes in more than 30% of roa...
In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant traction within the automotive industry, driven by the societal push towards climate neutrality. These vehicles predominantly utilize lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for storing electric t...
This paper presents an optimized method for evaluating and enhancing the crashworthiness of an electric vehicle (EV) battery frame, leveraging finite element model (FEM) simulations with minimal computational effort. The study begins by utilizing a p...
Concrete median barriers are prone to damage from low-velocity impacts. However, there is a limited understanding of how damage from initial impacts affects barriers’ long-term performance and whether they maintain safe continued service or mus...
The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of variables such as pre-crash emergency braking and reclined posture on human injuries in autonomous vehicle collisions using an active human model and through crash analysis. To achieve this, t...
27 February 2023
The ability to drive depends on the motor, visual, and cognitive functions, which are necessary to integrate information and respond appropriately to different situations that occur in traffic. The study aimed to evaluate older drivers in a driving s...
With the continuous development of new sensor features and tracking algorithms for object tracking, researchers have opportunities to experiment using different combinations. However, there is no standard or agreed method for selecting an appropriate...
The cause of serious and fatal thoracic injuries in passenger vehicle rollover crashes is currently not well understood. Previous research on thoracic injuries resulting from rollover crashes have focused primarily on statistical analysis of crash da...
To determine the speed of a vehicle in a collision with body deformation, the kinetic energy input of the vehicle to cause body damage must be estimated. This paper analyzes the methods for estimating the energy equivalent of vehicle damage. A finite...
Simulating composite material structures requires complex constitutive models, which normally require fine meshes to obtain an accurate prediction of their behavior. Pam-Crash software has been used for several years in the automotive industry and ha...
Roundabout crashes are common worldwide but have received little attention. In particular, the investigation remains relatively understudied in distinct collision modes of roundabout crashes, including angle and non-angle crashes. This study investig...
Effective road safety plays an important role in achieving sustainable development goals worldwide. A large number of accidents occur on roads every year, resulting in countless losses of people, vehicles, and roads; as such, the problem of loss of v...
Various techniques can be applied to center pillars to enhance collision characteristics during side crashes. For instance, patchwork (PW) can be welded to the center pillar to increase its stiffness, and partial softening (PS) can be applied to prov...
Frontal crash tests are an essential element in assessing vehicle safety. They simulate a collision that occurs when the front of the bus hits another vehicle or an obstacle. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the frontal crash testing...
Despite the existence of many different “Don’t drink and drive” programs and campaigns over the past 30 years, alcohol intoxication has continued to account for approximately one quarter to one third of all traffic crashes and crash-related deaths in...
The blind zone that accompanies the right-turn process of semitrailer trucks is a major cause of crashes and the high fatality of vulnerable road users (VRUs). Understanding the relationship between the blind zone and right-turn collisions will play...
This research assessed a mechanical coupling for the ISOFIX Child Restraint System using the Finite Element Method (FEM) in a critical condition (simultaneous frontal and lateral collision). The mechanism was designed according to the R129 standard,...
The overall crash statistics in the EU still show a very significant number of car–cyclist crashes. Within the Horizon 2020 project Safe-Up, countermeasures have been developed to reduce this number. One of these countermeasures involves a V2X-...
To promote the use of newhigh-strengthmaterials in the automotive industry, the evaluation of crashworthiness is essential, both in terms of finite element (FE) analysis aswell as validation experiments. Thiswork proposes an approach to address the c...
This paper addresses the biomechanical requirements and design of a neck dummy for assessing neck injury risks. The need for an accurate biomechanical representation of the human neck in crash tests is highlighted, emphasizing the importance of repli...
Vehicle restraint systems are vital hardware elements in road safety engineering. The certification process of a vehicle restraint system includes full-scale crash tests, component testing and numerical simulation of these tests. To achieve reliable...
The safety of lithium-ion batteries is critical to the safety of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). The purpose of this work is to develop a method to predict battery thermal runaway in full electric vehicle crash simulation. The thermal–electri...
This study proposes a novel approach to improving the crashworthiness of lithium-ion cylindrical cell packs by strategically placing spacers between the cells. The spacers transform the initial line contacts into broader surface contacts, enhancing t...
The analyses performed by the experts are crucial for the settlement of court disputes, and they have legal consequences for the parties to legal proceedings. The reliability of the simulation result is crucial. First, in article, an impact simulatio...
Impacts due to drops or crashes between moving vehicles necessitate the search for energy absorption elements to prevent damage to the transported goods or individuals. To ensure safety, a given level of acceptable deceleration is provided. The optim...
As a key roadside safety feature, longitudinal guardrail steel barriers are purposefully designed to contain and redirect errant vehicles to prevent roadway departure, dissipate impact energy through plastic deformation, and reduce the severity of ve...
The crashworthiness of composite tubes is widely examined for various types of FRP composites. However, the use of hybrid composites potentially enhances the material characteristics under impact loading. In this regard, this study used a combination...
Crashes on roadways continue to represent a major global public health concern due to high rates of death and injury, underscoring the need for predictive tools that can identify high-risk conditions and guide prevention strategies. This study develo...
Impact damage is one of the most critical scenarios for the lithium-ion battery pack of an electrical vehicle, as it involves mechanical abusive loads with serious consequences on electrical and thermal stability. The development of a numerical model...
As smart cities become a global topic, interest in smart mobility, the core of smart cities, is also growing. The technology that comes closest to general users is “autonomous driving”. In particular, the successful market entry and establishment of...
Horizontal curves have been a significant safety concern on roads for years, often resulting in a high incidence of crashes. A European Road Safety Observatory report indicated that 53% of road crashes in the EU in 2020 occurred on rural roads, mainl...
In an effort to improve impact energy-absorption characteristics, this study introduces a cylindrical crash absorber (CAP) with discontinuous protrusions and a continuous local-expansion plastic-forming method for its manufacture. The mechanical prop...
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