The effects of Ca2+ in converter slag and electric arc furnace slag leaching solutions on CO2 content, the effects of CO2 content in solutions on the accumulation of chlorophyll a of Nannochloropsis sp., and the mechanisms were studied. Results showe...
The article presents the results of the investigation of changes in the chemical and mineralogical composition of slag during steel production in a blown oxygen converter. This process was monitored using the slag samples that were collected during t...
The presence of free lime and periclase in converter slag prevents it from directly being utilized as a source of concrete aggregate due to the deleterious expansion caused by reaction of free lime and periclase. In general, a six-month aging period...
Phosphorus-containing converter slag is a common waste in the iron and steel industry, and has the characteristics of high generation and low secondary-utilization values; however, the high-phosphorus content in converter slag limits its ability to b...
Generally in the nickel converter slag, metals are mainly in the form of sulfides, which are difficult to separate from slag. Although metal oxides in the slag, such as NiO, CoO, and Cu2O, are easily reduced into metal using carbon, the presence of s...
Given the increasing demand for low-phosphorus molten iron in high-value-added steel production and the rising phosphorus content in raw materials caused by the use of high-phosphorus ores in blast furnaces, the traditional converter single-slag proc...
Converter steelmaking remains the dominant route for global steel production, and the double-slag process is an important refining method that merits further study. In this work, a MATLAB-based mathematical model was developed for the double-slag pro...
Steel converter slag, also called Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag, has been considered as an oxygen carrier for biofuel chemical looping applications due to its high availability. In addition to its content of iron which contributes to its oxygen-carrying ca...
Slag splashing operations at the end of the converter blow process can improve the furnace liner life and the converter operation rate. However, the effect of factors on slag splashing at actual dimensions is yet to be fully understood. A three-dimen...
Converter slag and copper slag represent promising sources for ceramic materials, but their high total iron content leads to waste of iron resources and inferior ceramic performance. To address this issue, we propose a two-step utilization method for...
This study investigated the air aging converter (Basic Oxygen Furnace, BOF) slag aggregate mortar with pulverized fly ash (PFA) and ferronickel slag (FNS). The chemical composition and mineralogical constituents of BOF incorporated mortar were analyz...
The possibility of hydrometallurgical processing of converter slag from nickel production aimed at integrated use of mineral raw materials and environmental protection is shown. The scheme of hydrometallurgical processing of slag using hydrochloric a...
Na2O is an alkaline oxide, which can significantly improve the dephosphorization ability of converter slag. The effect of Na2O on the dephosphorization of converter slag was analyzed with a high-temperature dephosphorization experiment in a MoSi2 res...
In pyrometallurgical processes refining copper, the main source of loss in the conversion stage is from slag. This paper reports on research work treating converter slag containing high percentages of copper (36 wt%) using ammonium hydroxide at room...
Repurposing mineral processing waste offers both environmental and economic benefits, reducing the disposal burden while enabling mineral resource recovery. A magnetic adsorbent, with an Fe3O4 content of 71.0%, collected from waste copper converter s...
In this work, iron oxalate from converter slag (FeOX-Slag) was produced by extraction of iron from converter slag using oxalic acid, followed by photo-reduction. The FeOX-Slag sample was subjected to various characterization techniques, including X-r...
In the present work, the effect of dephosphorization endpoint temperature on the dephosphorization of hot metal was studied for the double slag converter steelmaking process under the conditions of low temperature and low basicity by the industrial e...
The study is the first to examine the combined use of blast-furnace sludge as a source of microelements and converter slag as a soil-deoxidizing agent in oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivation in sod-podzolic soils. It has been established that blast-furn...
Converter steel slag contains abundant calcium-bearing phases but remains underutilised because of its heterogeneous composition and the potential co-release of undesirable elements. In this study, a hydroxyapatite-rich calcium-phosphate powder was p...
Converter vanadium slag is a byproduct of the iron making process when the vanadium titanomagnetite is used as iron raw material. A cleaner process including calcified roasting, dilute acid leaching, precipitation purification, vanadium precipitation...
An innovative, economical, and environmentally sound hydrometallurgical process has been proposed for recovering Cu, Ni, and Co from copper-rich converter slag by organic acids. In the leaching experiments, the effects of organic acid concentrations,...
Fe-cat and Ti-cat catalytic additives synthesized from converter slags of Qarmet JSC using acid activation followed by ex situ sulfidation were studied. By full-profile X-ray analysis, it was found that Fe-cat is mainly a sulphide system (FeS troilit...
Iron-based oxygen carriers (OCs) have received much attention due to their low costs, high mechanical strengths and high-temperature stabilities in the chemical looping gasification (CLG) of biomass, but their chemical reactivity is very ordinary. Co...
To determine slag properties and the factors influencing these properties for optimization of operating conditions in the copper flash smelting process, the composition and microstructures of the quenched smelting and converting slags have been analy...
This study explores the application of high-silica flux ore in copper smelting and converting processes at the Zhezkazgan Copper Smelting plant. Pilot-scale experiments and SEM analyses were performed to assess its influence on slag composition, temp...
The influence of technological factors on the process of slag splashing was analyzed in the paper. The problems were solved in several stages using our own and commercial calculation programs and laboratory tests. Based on the performed calculations...
With the development of the energy control system of iron and steel enterprises, the urgency of solving the problem of the resource and energy saving control of steelmaking processes increases, taking into account the reconfiguration of production to...
High purity magnesia refractories have been tested for their resistance to iron-rich converter slags of ferronickel production. Laboratory tests were performed using crucibles made from magnesia refractories filled with slag at temperatures up to 170...
Metallurgical vanadium-containing converter slag could be used as an alternative vanadium source. The development of a physico-chemical basis for the comprehensive processing of industrial vanadium-containing debris requires information about their e...
Smelting with a high scrap ratio in converters holds significant importance for carbon reduction and emission reduction in the iron and steel industry. Under high scrap ratio conditions, the kinetic and thermodynamic conditions of the molten bath cha...
Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) converter slags are known to consist of both liquid and solid phases, but limited information on the slag characteristics has been published in the open literature. Therefore, a new methodology to study the characte...
In order to achieve the purpose of high-efficiency dephosphorization by single-slag method during the combined blown converter steelmaking process, the CaO-SiO2-FetO-MgO-MnO-P2O5 slag system was taken as the research object, and the slag-forming rout...
In order to improve the yield of steel produced in the converter and the quality of the molten steel, and to understand the distribution of the flow field in the converter and ladle during the steelmaking process, the CFD fluid simulation software Fl...
China’s 2022 crude steel production soared to an impressive 1.018 billion tons, and steel slag constituted approximately 10% to 15% of this massive output. However, a notable hindrance to the comprehensive utilization of steel slag arises from...
The paper presents an analysis of the effective use of a mixture of steel sludge (S1) and slag (S2) from the converter process of steel production for the production of cement mortars. Metallurgical waste used in the research, which is currently depo...
Calcified roasting followed by dilute sulfuric acid leaching is a promising process for cleaner vanadium extraction from converter vanadium slag. However, some impurities, like Ca, Mg, Mn, Si and Al, also transfer into the leaching solution, accompan...
The converter steel slag cannot be widely used in building materials for its poor grindability. In this paper, the grinding characteristics of untreated and pretreated (i.e., magnetic separation) steel slag were compared. Additionally, the grinding p...
The ceramic–carbon refractory lining of an oxygen converter is subjected to variable thermochemical stresses, causing a progressive loss of material over time, which is expressed in a decreasing residual thickness of the lining. The forecasting...
A number of carbon-rich (containing up to 47 wt% C) and lime-rich (containing up to 96 wt% of CaO-compounds) waste products from the pulp and paper industries can be used in iron and steel industry as fuels and slag formers for various metallurgical...
The novel combustion concept Oxygen Carrier Aided Combustion (OCAC) is realized by addition of an active oxygen-carrying bed material to conventional fluidized bed boilers. The active bed material is meant to become reduced in fuel-rich parts of the...
The slags generated in the conventional copper conversion process are mainly composed of Cu2O–Fe2O3–SiO2 with CaO, Al2O3, and MgO compounds—in concentrations up to 10 wt %. The present work contributes to the knowledge of the conversion process, gene...
Sensors and process control systems are essential for process automation and optimization. Many sectors have adapted to the Industry 4.0 paradigm, but copper smelters remain hesitant to implement these technologies without appropriate justification,...
The objects of the study were converter slags from the Balkhash copper plant in their initial state and after heat treatment. Using mineralogical and X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), i...
Arsenic content in copper concentrates is continuously increasing worldwide. It is desirable to remove arsenic from copper in the earlier stages of copper making due to the deposition of arsenic to cathode copper during the electrorefining process. E...
A comprehensive understanding of the structural impact of composition is crucial in designing converter slag to optimize its rheological and surface properties during the smelting process. In this study, glassy CaO-SiO2-FexO samples with varying CaO/...
During the converter steelmaking process, gas-slag-metal three-phase emulsification is realized by injecting gas to complete metallurgical tasks such as slagging, dephosphorization, decarburization, and heating. As green and intelligent development o...
Undesired solid precipitation in coal slag at high temperatures can cause serious blockages, or even the shutdown of coal gasifiers, due to a rapid increase in slag viscosity. In this study, the solid precipitation behaviors of coal slag from differe...
In the reduction stage of the secondary copper production process, copper, nickel, lead, and tin are collected in a “black copper”, while zinc is volatilized and precipitated as ZnO in the flue dust. The slag coming from this reduction st...
The paper is devoted to the analysis of a supersonic nozzle system effect in gas-cooled lances on the technological parameters of slag splashing in an oxygen converter. Simulation calculations were carried out, taking into account the parameters of n...
CO2 has characteristic properties and reactions at the converter smelting temperature, and the chemical reaction between CO2 and elements such as C and Si in the molten pool has bubble proliferation and cooling effects, which can effectively improve...
of 4