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Volume 18
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10.3390/en18051298
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Article

Catalytic Performance of Iron-Based Oxygen Carriers Mixed with Converter Steel Slags for Hydrogen Production in Chemical Looping Gasification of Brewers’ Spent Grains

by
Miao Yuan
1,
Huawei Jiang
1,*,
Xiangli Zuo
1,
Cuiping Wang
2,
Yanhui Li
1,* and
Hairui Yang
3,*
1
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
2
College of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
3
Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(5), 1298; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051298
Submission received: 20 January 2025 / Revised: 21 February 2025 / Accepted: 3 March 2025 / Published: 6 March 2025
(This article belongs to the Section A5: Hydrogen Energy)
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Abstract

Iron-based oxygen carriers (OCs) have received much attention due to their low costs, high mechanical strengths and high-temperature stabilities in the chemical looping gasification (CLG) of biomass, but their chemical reactivity is very ordinary. Converter steel slags (CSSs) are steelmaking wastes and rich in Fe2O3, CaO and MgO, which have good oxidative ability and good stability as well as catalytic effects on biomass gasification. Therefore, the composite OCs prepared by mechanically mixing CSSs with iron-based OCs are expected to be used to increase the hydrogen production in the CLG of biomass. In this study, the catalytic performance of CSS/Fe2O3 composite OCs prepared by mechanically mixing CSSs with iron-based OCs on the gasification of brewers’ spent grains (BSGs) were investigated in a tubular furnace experimental apparatus. The results showed that when the weight ratio of the CSSs in composite OCs was 0.5, the relative volume fraction of hydrogen reached the maximum value of 49.1%, the product gas yield was 0.85 Nm3/kg and the gasification efficiency was 64.05%. It could be found by X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscope characterizations that the addition of CSSs helped to form MgFe2O4, which are efficient catalysts for H2 production. Owing to the large and widely distributed surface pores of CSSs, mixing them with iron-based OCs was beneficial for catalytic steam reforming to produce hydrogen.
Keywords: chemical looping gasification; brewers’ spent grains; converter steel slags; iron-based oxygen carriers; hydrogen production; catalytic performance; chemical reactivity; cyclic stability chemical looping gasification; brewers’ spent grains; converter steel slags; iron-based oxygen carriers; hydrogen production; catalytic performance; chemical reactivity; cyclic stability

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yuan, M.; Jiang, H.; Zuo, X.; Wang, C.; Li, Y.; Yang, H. Catalytic Performance of Iron-Based Oxygen Carriers Mixed with Converter Steel Slags for Hydrogen Production in Chemical Looping Gasification of Brewers’ Spent Grains. Energies 2025, 18, 1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051298

AMA Style

Yuan M, Jiang H, Zuo X, Wang C, Li Y, Yang H. Catalytic Performance of Iron-Based Oxygen Carriers Mixed with Converter Steel Slags for Hydrogen Production in Chemical Looping Gasification of Brewers’ Spent Grains. Energies. 2025; 18(5):1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051298

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuan, Miao, Huawei Jiang, Xiangli Zuo, Cuiping Wang, Yanhui Li, and Hairui Yang. 2025. "Catalytic Performance of Iron-Based Oxygen Carriers Mixed with Converter Steel Slags for Hydrogen Production in Chemical Looping Gasification of Brewers’ Spent Grains" Energies 18, no. 5: 1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051298

APA Style

Yuan, M., Jiang, H., Zuo, X., Wang, C., Li, Y., & Yang, H. (2025). Catalytic Performance of Iron-Based Oxygen Carriers Mixed with Converter Steel Slags for Hydrogen Production in Chemical Looping Gasification of Brewers’ Spent Grains. Energies, 18(5), 1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051298

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