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5,434 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,263 Views
18 Pages

A Complexity Metrics Suite for Cascading Style Sheets

  • Adewole Adewumi,
  • Sanjay Misra and
  • Robertas Damaševičius

We perform a theoretical and empirical analysis of a set of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) document complexity metrics. The metrics are validated using a practical framework that demonstrates their viability. The theoretical analysis is performed using...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,753 Views
14 Pages

Metrics of Genomic Complexity in the Evolution of Bacterial Endosymbiosis

  • Pablo Román-Escrivá,
  • Moisès Bernabeu,
  • Eleonora Paganin,
  • Wladimiro Díaz-Villanueva,
  • Miguel Verdú,
  • José L. Oliver,
  • Vicente Arnau and
  • Andrés Moya

25 March 2025

Endosymbiosis can be considered a regressive or degenerative evolutionary process characterized at the genomic level by genome erosion and degeneration due to high mutational pressure toward AT (adenine and thymine) bases. The genomic and biological...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,321 Views
38 Pages

10 November 2021

The rise of global attention toward sustainability and sustainable development (SD) has provided increased incentives for research development and investment in these areas. Food systems are at the center of human needs and global population growth s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
6,246 Views
18 Pages

19 August 2020

Underwater photogrammetry has been increasingly used in coral-reef research in recent years. Habitat metrics extracted from resulting three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions can be used to examine associations between the structural complexity of the...

  • Letter
  • Open Access
33 Citations
5,795 Views
16 Pages

21 March 2020

Quantifying the three-dimensional (3D) habitat structure of coral reefs is an important aspect of coral reef monitoring, as habitat architecture affects the abundance and diversity of reef organisms. Here, we used photogrammetric techniques to genera...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
640 Views
10 Pages

26 November 2024

Modelling and metrication of the complexity of systems have occupied a growing and largely underdeveloped problem space in the literature of complex systems. In this research, preliminary results depicting the complexity of a service system premised...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,571 Views
21 Pages

17 October 2022

A complexity metric is proposed for the quantification of system complexity using information about the composition of a system and its interactions depicted in a System Modelling Language (SysML) model. The proposed metric is adapted from the comple...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,078 Views
20 Pages

20 September 2023

This paper discusses some properties of complex-valued fuzzy metric spaces and introduces the α-admissible mappings in the setting of complex-valued fuzzy metric spaces. We establish fixed point theorems for mappings satisfying symmetric contra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,431 Views
11 Pages

Air Traffic Complexity Assessment Based on Ordered Deep Metric

  • Haiyan Chen,
  • Linghui Zhang,
  • Ligang Yuan,
  • Weiqi Zhu and
  • Li Liu

26 November 2022

Since air traffic complexity determines the workload of controllers, it is a popular topic in the research field. Benefiting from deep learning, this paper proposes an air traffic complexity assessment method based on the deep metric of air traffic i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,922 Views
13 Pages

An Application of Urysohn Integral Equation via Complex Partial Metric Space

  • Rajagopalan Ramaswamy,
  • Gunaseelan Mani,
  • Arul Joseph Gnanaprakasam,
  • Ola A. Ashour Abdelnaby and
  • Stojan Radenović

11 June 2022

Metric fixed point theory has vast applications in various domain areas, as it helps in finding analytical solutions under various contractive conditions, including non-linear integral-type contractions. In our present work, we have established fixed...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,467 Views
17 Pages

8 January 2019

Owing to the notion of a complex-valued metric space, we prove fixed point results, which generalize some common fixed point results under contractive condition for rational expression in the context of complex-valued metric spaces. In application, w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,038 Views
16 Pages

16 March 2016

The objective of this article is to bridge the gap between two important research directions: (1) nearest neighbor search, which is a fundamental computational tool for large data analysis; and (2) complex network analysis, which deals with large rea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,710 Views
11 Pages

20 July 2023

In this paper, we establish a result for the existence of common fixed points for multi-valued mappings, satisfying some contractions for complex-valued b-metric spaces. Finally, we present an example to illustrate and support our results.

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,209 Views
19 Pages

13 August 2024

We undertake this study with the objective of introducing certain control functions in the contractive condition to prove fixed-point theorems in the framework of complex-valued bipolar metric spaces. The incorporation of control functions broadens t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,721 Views
18 Pages

Almost Ćirić Type Contractions and Their Applications in Complex Valued b-Metric Spaces

  • Muhammad Sarwar,
  • Syed Khayyam Shah,
  • Zoran D. Mitrović,
  • Aiman Mukheimer and
  • Nabil Mlaiki

16 August 2023

In this article, we present the use of a unique and common fixed point for a pair of mappings that satisfy certain rational-type inequalities in complex-valued b-metric spaces. We also provide applications related to authenticity concerns in integral...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,866 Views
16 Pages

31 October 2024

The objective of this article is to establish common fixed point results in the background of complex-valued controlled metric spaces for generalized rational contractions. Our findings generalize a number of well-established results in the literatur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,162 Views
20 Pages

5 December 2023

The aim of the present research work is to investigate the solution of Urysohn integral equation by common fixed point result in the setting of complex valued b-metric space. To obtain the objective, we used a generalized rational contraction involvi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,159 Views
21 Pages

19 November 2024

The aim of this research article is to introduce generalized rational contractions in the context of complex-valued metric spaces and to establish novel common fixed-point theorems. Our findings generalize several well-known fixed-point theorems and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,454 Views
19 Pages

New Structural Complexity Metrics for Forests from Single Terrestrial Lidar Scans

  • Jonathan L. Batchelor,
  • Todd M. Wilson,
  • Michael J. Olsen and
  • William J. Ripple

27 December 2022

We developed new measures of structural complexity using single point terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds. These metrics are depth, openness, and isovist. Depth is a three-dimensional, radial measure of the visible distance in all direction...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
3,518 Views
9 Pages

15 September 2019

The purpose of this article is to introduce a fixed point result for a general contractive condition in the context of complex valued metric spaces. Also, some important corollaries under this contractive condition are obtained. As an application, we...

  • Article
  • Open Access
163 Citations
16,565 Views
18 Pages

Accuracy and Precision of Habitat Structural Complexity Metrics Derived from Underwater Photogrammetry

  • Will Figueira,
  • Renata Ferrari,
  • Elyse Weatherby,
  • Augustine Porter,
  • Steven Hawes and
  • Maria Byrne

15 December 2015

In tropical reef ecosystems corals are the key habitat builders providing most ecosystem structure, which influences coral reef biodiversity and resilience. Remote sensing applications have progressed significantly and photogrammetry together with ap...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
2,846 Views
18 Pages

Common Fixed Points Technique for Existence of a Solution of Urysohn Type Integral Equations System in Complex Valued b-Metric Spaces

  • Muhammad Suhail Aslam,
  • Monica Felicia Bota,
  • Mohammad S. R. Chowdhury,
  • Liliana Guran and
  • Naeem Saleem

18 February 2021

In this paper we give some common fixed point theorems for Ćirić type operators in complex valued b-metric spaces. Also, some corollaries under this contraction condition are obtained. Our results extend and generalize the results of Hammad et al. In...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
3,823 Views
14 Pages

Multi-Attribute Decision Making Method for Node Importance Metric in Complex Network

  • Yongheng Zhang,
  • Yuliang Lu,
  • Guozheng Yang and
  • Zijun Hang

12 February 2022

Correctly measuring the importance of nodes in a complex network is critical for studying the robustness of the network, and designing a network security policy based on these highly important nodes can effectively improve security aspects of the net...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
6,471 Views
32 Pages

Bayesian Network Modelling of ATC Complexity Metrics for Future SESAR Demand and Capacity Balance Solutions

  • Victor Fernando Gomez Comendador,
  • Rosa Maria Arnaldo Valdés,
  • Manuel Villegas Diaz,
  • Eva Puntero Parla and
  • Danlin Zheng

8 April 2019

Demand & Capacity Management solutions are key SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) research projects to adapt future airspace to the expected high air traffic growth in a Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) environment. These solutions rely on...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
6,285 Views
12 Pages

Complexity of Daily Physical Activity Is More Sensitive Than Conventional Metrics to Assess Functional Change in Younger Older Adults

  • Wei Zhang,
  • Michael Schwenk,
  • Sabato Mellone,
  • Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu,
  • Beatrix Vereijken,
  • Mirjam Pijnappels,
  • A. Stefanie Mikolaizak,
  • Elisabeth Boulton,
  • Nini H. Jonkman and
  • Kamiar Aminian
  • + 4 authors

25 June 2018

The emerging mHealth applications, incorporating wearable sensors, enables continuous monitoring of physical activity (PA). This study aimed at analyzing the relevance of a multivariate complexity metric in assessment of functional change in younger...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,689 Views
16 Pages

Data-Driven Identification of Stroke through Machine Learning Applied to Complexity Metrics in Multimodal Electromyography and Kinematics

  • Francesco Romano,
  • Damiano Formenti,
  • Daniela Cardone,
  • Emanuele Francesco Russo,
  • Paolo Castiglioni,
  • Giampiero Merati,
  • Arcangelo Merla and
  • David Perpetuini

7 July 2024

A stroke represents a significant medical condition characterized by the sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to cellular damage or death. The impact of stroke on individuals can vary from mild impairments to severe disability. Tre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,665 Views
25 Pages

Impact of Trajectories’ Uncertainty in Existing ATC Complexity Methodologies and Metrics for DAC and FCA SESAR Concepts

  • Victor Fernando Gomez Comendador,
  • Rosa María Arnaldo Valdés,
  • Andrija Vidosavljevic,
  • Marta Sanchez Cidoncha and
  • Shutao Zheng

24 April 2019

The most relevant SESAR 2020 solutions dealing with future Capacity Management processes are Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) and Flight Centric ATC (FCA). Both concepts, DAC and FCA, rely on traffic flow complexity assessment. For this reason, c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,377 Views
23 Pages

14 August 2025

Accurate and scalable estimation of forest production is essential for quantifying carbon sequestration, forecasting timber yields, and guiding climate change mitigation strategies. While prior studies established a positive linkage between net prima...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,063 Views
18 Pages

27 July 2022

The Riemann extension, introduced by E. K. Patterson and A. G. Walker, is a semi-Riemannian metric with a neutral signature on the cotangent bundle TM of a smooth manifold M, induced by a symmetric linear connection ∇ on M. In this pape...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,038 Views
20 Pages

Modern software systems consist of many software components; the source code of modern software systems is hard to understand and maintain for new developers. Aiming to simplify the readability and understandability of source code, companies that spe...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
817 Views
27 Pages

8 September 2025

Two hybrid, entropy-guided node metrics are proposed for the k-hop environment: Entropy-Weighted Redundancy (EWR) and Normalized Entropy Density (NED). The central idea is to couple local Shannon entropy with neighborhood density/redundancy so that s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
7,234 Views
14 Pages

Measuring Software Modularity Based on Software Networks

  • Yiming Xiang,
  • Weifeng Pan,
  • Haibo Jiang,
  • Yunfang Zhu and
  • Hao Li

28 March 2019

Modularity has been regarded as one of the most important properties of a successful software design. It has significant impact on many external quality attributes such as reusability, maintainability, and understandability. Thus, proposing metrics t...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,211 Views
39 Pages

11 September 2024

The high spatial complexities of soil temperature modeling over semiarid land have challenged the calibration–forecast framework, whose composited objective lacks comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, this study, based on the Noah land surface m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,373 Views
9 Pages

4 July 2024

Almost contact complex Riemannian manifolds, also known as almost contact B-metric manifolds, are equipped with a pair of pseudo-Riemannian metrics that are mutually associated with each other using the tensor structure. Here, we consider a special c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,632 Views
12 Pages

26 June 2023

Almost contact complex Riemannian manifolds, also known as almost contact B-metric manifolds, are, in principle, equipped with a pair of mutually associated pseudo-Riemannian metrics. Each of these metrics is specialized as a Yamabe almost soliton wi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,614 Views
22 Pages

22 September 2022

Theoretical possibilities of models of gravity with dynamical signature are discussed. The different scenarios of the signature change are proposed in the framework of Einstein-Cartan gravity. We consider, subsequently, the dynamical signature in the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,498 Views
16 Pages

Developing Versatile Graphic Map Load Metrics

  • Radek Barvir and
  • Vit Vozenilek

Graphic map load is a property of a map quantifying the amount of map content. It indicates the visual complexity of the map and helps cartographers to adapt maps and other geospatial visualizations to accomplish their purpose. Generally, map design...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,540 Views
15 Pages

10 October 2013

In this paper, we present a methodological framework for conceptual modeling of assembly supply chain (ASC) networks. Models of such ASC networks are divided into classes on the basis of the numbers of initial suppliers. We provide a brief overview o...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
783 Views
11 Pages

3 June 2025

The manifolds studied are almost contact complex Riemannian manifolds, known also as almost contact B-metric manifolds. They are equipped with a pair of pseudo-Riemannian metrics that are mutually associated to each other using an almost contact stru...

  • Article
  • Open Access
876 Views
31 Pages

20 August 2025

With the increasing complexity of grid project systems, it is difficult for an individual project management perspective to meet the macro management needs of the project, unapplicable to overall project layout management. However, the current grid p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,100 Views
20 Pages

Analysis of Complexity and Performance for Automated Deployment of a Software Environment into the Cloud

  • Marian Lăcătușu,
  • Anca Daniela Ionita,
  • Florin Daniel Anton and
  • Florin Lăcătușu

21 April 2022

Moving to the cloud is a topic that tends to be present in all enterprises that have digitalized their activities. This includes the need to work with software environments specific to various business domains, accessed as services supported by vario...

  • Article
  • Open Access
874 Views
17 Pages

Air Traffic Complexity Analysis in Multi-Airport Terminal Areas Based on Route Segment–Flight State Interdependent Network

  • Chuanlong Zhang,
  • Xiangxi Wen,
  • Minggong Wu,
  • Libiao Zhang,
  • Hanchen Xie,
  • Lingzhong Meng and
  • Jiale Yang

17 September 2025

An analysis of air traffic complexity in multi-airport terminal areas can assist air traffic controllers in accurately assessing the air traffic situation and collaboratively managing air traffic flows, thereby enhancing the utilization of airspace r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
4,233 Views
22 Pages

Spatiotemporal Graph Indicators for Air Traffic Complexity Analysis

  • Ralvi Isufaj,
  • Thimjo Koca and
  • Miquel Angel Piera

25 November 2021

There has been extensive research in formalising air traffic complexity, but existing works focus mainly on a metric to tie down the peak air traffic controllers workload rather than a dynamic approach to complexity that could guide both strategical,...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,232 Views
22 Pages

The Simultaneous Local Metric Dimension of Graph Families

  • Gabriel A. Barragán-Ramírez,
  • Alejandro Estrada-Moreno,
  • Yunior Ramírez-Cruz and
  • Juan A. Rodríguez-Velázquez

27 July 2017

In a graph G = ( V , E ) , a vertex v V is said to distinguish two vertices x and y if d G ( v , x ) d G ( v , y ) . A set S V is said to be a local metric generator for G if any pair of adjacent vertices o...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,928 Views
42 Pages

Weighted Bergman Kernels and Mathematical Physics

  • Elisabetta Barletta,
  • Sorin Dragomir and
  • Francesco Esposito

29 April 2020

We review several results in the theory of weighted Bergman kernels. Weighted Bergman kernels generalize ordinary Bergman kernels of domains Ω C n but also appear locally in the attempt to quantize classical states of mechanic...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
944 Views
11 Pages

13 January 2025

Almost contact complex Riemannian manifolds, also known as almost contact B-metric manifolds, are equipped with Ricci–Bourguignon-like almost solitons. These almost solitons are a generalization of the known Ricci–Bourguignon almost solit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,301 Views
10 Pages

1 January 2023

A Yamabe soliton is considered on an almost-contact complex Riemannian manifold (also known as an almost-contact B-metric manifold), which is obtained by a contact conformal transformation of the Reeb vector field, its dual contact 1-form, the B-metr...

  • Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,685 Views
40 Pages

16 October 2021

Digitalization increasingly enforces organizations to accommodate changes and gain resilience. Emerging technologies, changing organizational structures and dynamic work environments bring opportunities and pose new challenges to organizations. Such...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,122 Views
10 Pages

27 October 2016

In this paper, we prove some optimal inequalities involving the intrinsic scalar curvature and the extrinsic Casorati curvature of submanifolds in a generalized complex space form with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection and a generalized Sasakian...

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