142 Results Found

Background: Maintaining an adequate mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral perfusion pressure to ensure proper perfusion and oxygen delivery to all major organs is crucial—especially for neurosurgical patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage o...

Dextro-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) is a critical congenital heart defect that can impact neurodevelopment due to cerebral perfusion and oxygenation disorders followed by alterations in synaptogenesis, gyrification, sulcation, and the...

This study aimed to elucidate whether muscle blood flow restriction during maximal exercise is associated with alterations in hemodynamics, cerebral oxygenation, cerebral activation, and deterioration of exercise performance in male participants. Thi...

Fluorocitrate (FC) is a specific metabolic inhibitor of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in astrocytes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether inhibition of the astrocyte TCA cycle by FC would affect the oxygen metabolism in the rat brai...

Compared with other organs in the body, the human brain is extremely sensitive to changes in O2 and CO2 levels. This study applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to analyze the changes in cerebral oxygen saturation (COS) and hemoglobin...

Brain metastases occur in ten to thirty percent of the adult cancer population. Treatment consists of different (palliative) options, including stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Sensitive MRI biomarkers are needed to better understand radiotherapy-rel...

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) increases after moderately intense exercise and is significantly correlated with cognitive function. However, no intensity-based physiological indicator for enhancing rCBF during low- to-moderate-intensity exercise...

Infant hydrocephalus poses a severe global health burden; 80% of cases occur in the developing world where patients have limited access to neurosurgical care. Surgical treatment combining endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterizat...

The Coherent Hemodynamic Spectroscopy (CHS) model provides a quantitative framework for modeling cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism, particularly in response to small physiological perturbations. However, in its original approximate formulation it...

Background/Objectives: This study investigates the effect of thyroid lobe size on common carotid artery hemodynamics during thyroidectomy. While prior research has reported reduced carotid blood flow during the procedure, the impact of thyroid size r...

Introduction: The prevalence and incidence of sport-related concussion have continued to increase over the past decade, and researchers from various backgrounds strive for evidenced-based clinical assessment and management. When diagnosing and managi...

Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) is highly prevalent. Critically ill patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission are at a higher risk of developing PCS. The mechanisms underlying PCS are still under investigation and may involve microvas...

Background: Acetazolamide is a non-competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme expressed in different cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and involved in the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). The aim of this review was to unde...

Exercise represents a behavioral intervention that enhances brain health and motor function. The increase in cerebral blood volume in response to physical activity may be responsible for improving brain function. Among the various neuroimaging techni...

Evaluating brain oxygen metabolism during cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential for improving neurological outcomes and guiding clinical interventions in high-stress medical emergencies. This study focused on two key ind...

Survivors of severe brain injury may require care in a neurointensive care unit (neuro-ICU), where the brain is vulnerable to secondary brain injury. Thus, there is a need for noninvasive, bedside, continuous cerebral blood flow monitoring approaches...

Frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) has been used for non-invasive assessment of cortical oxygenation since the late 1990s. However, there is limited research demonstrating clinical validity and general reproducibility. To address t...

Subtle changes in body temperature affect the outcomes of ill newborns. However, the temperature profile of neonatal brains remains largely unknown. In open-cot care, increased cerebral perfusion is correlated with higher superficial brain temperatur...

Optical non-invasive diagnostic methods and equipment are used today in many medical disciplines. However, there is still no generally accepted and unifying engineering theory of such systems. Today, they are developed most empirically and do not alw...

Neurovascular coupling is a key control mechanism in cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation. Importantly, this process was demonstrated to be affected in several neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is the basis for...

Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO2) can modify gene and protein expression, signaling pathways, and vascular function, leading to altered vasomotor responses. Adenosine receptors (ARs) may mediate these effects by modulating vasoactivity. This study invest...

Background: The recent introduction of near-infrared spectroscopy has enabled the monitoring of cerebral blood flow in real-time. Previous studies have shown that blood flow velocity is a predictor of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that cere...

In neonates with acute lung injury (ALI), targeting lower oxygenation saturations is suggested to limit oxygen toxicity while maintaining vital organ function. Although thresholds for cerebral autoregulation are studied for the management of prematur...

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is significantly influenced by exposure to hypoxia, both hypobaric and normobaric. Alterations in cerebral blood flow can play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and its symptoms, especially...

Spinal anesthesia is generally accepted as an effective and safe practice. Three rare incidents of postoperative cerebral infarction after surgery under spinal anesthesia prompted us to assess whether spinal bupivacaine may compromise carotid or cere...

Background: Cardiac arrest remains one of the leading causes of death. After successful resuscitation of patients in cardiac arrest, post-cardiac arrest syndrome develops, part of it being an impaired cerebral blood flow autoregulation. Monitoring ce...

Adequate oxygen delivery to a tissue depends on sufficient oxygen content in arterial blood and blood flow to the tissue. Oximetry is a technique for the assessment of blood oxygenation by measurements of light transmission through the blood, which i...

Climbers and aviators are exposed to severe hypoxia at high altitudes, whereas divers are exposed to hyperoxia at depth. The aim of this study was to report changes in the adenosinergic system induced by exposure to extreme oxygen partial pressures....

Background: In patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (summarized as pulmonary vascular disease; PVD), it is unclear whether the brain is protected against acute hypoxia and whether acute pulmon...

Ingestion of paprika xanthophyll supplement (PX), which has antioxidant effects, has been recently reported to maintain red blood cell deformability and improve oxygen delivery efficiency. Therefore, we hypothesized that the brain activation induced...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measure cerebral hemodynamics, which in turn can be used to assess the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) and cerebral autoregulation (CA). However, current mathemati...

Brain injury in the asphyxic newborn infant may be exacerbated by delayed restoration of cardiac output and oxygen delivery. With increasing severity of asphyxia, cerebral autoregulatory responses are compromised. Further brain injury may occur in as...

Introduction: Monitoring cerebral perfusion in patients with brain injury is a major clinical challenge. Monitoring cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) via NIRS was introduced in the early 1980s, and many clinicians believed it to be a valuable method for as...

The main aim of this paper was to provide an overview of studies that measured cerebral blood flow (CBF), directly or indirectly, during chest compression (CC) in neonatal animals. Our main research question was: how did different ways of performing...

The changes in blood flow, blood volume and oxygenation that accompany focal increases in neural activity are collectively referred to as the hemodynamic response and form the basis of non-invasive neuroimaging techniques such as blood oxygen level d...

Measurement of cerebral oximetry by near-infrared spectroscopy provides continuous and non-invasive information about the oxygen saturation of haemoglobin in the central nervous system. This is especially important in the case of patients with trauma...

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) refers to the process of local changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) after neuronal activity, which ensures the timely and adequate supply of oxygen, glucose, and substrates to the active regions of the brain. Recent clini...

Hemodynamic models provide a mathematical representation and computational framework that describe the changes in blood flow, blood volume, and oxygenation levels that occur in response to neural activity and systemic changes, while near-infrared spe...

Cerebral ischemia represents the third cause of death and the first cause of disability in adults. This process results from decreasing cerebral blood flow levels as a result of the occlusion of a major cerebral artery. This restriction in blood supp...

Glioblastoma may appear similar to cerebral metastasis on conventional MRI in some cases, but their therapies differ significantly. This prospective feasibility study was aimed at differentiating them by applying the quantitative susceptibility mappi...

Optical neuromonitoring has matured from descriptive oxygenation trends to model-informed quantification of cerebral physiology. This review synthesizes evidence on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), and laser...

Complex ascending and aortic arch surgery requires the implementation of different cerebral protection strategies to avoid or limit the probability of intraoperative brain damage during circulatory arrest. The etiology of the damage is multifactorial...

Tongue pressure measurement (TPM) is an indicator of oral function. However, the association between tongue pressure and cerebral activation remains unclear. We used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to examine the correlation between cerebral cortex...

Purpose: The clinical condition of a brain abscess is a potentially life-threatening disease. The combination of MRI-based imaging, surgical therapy and microbiological analysis is critical for the treatment and convalescence of the individual patien...

We assessed the feasibility of concurrent monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics in adult, comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients admitted to the National University Heart Centre Singapore from October 2021 to August 2023. Patients unde...

Specific neuroprotective strategies to minimize cerebral damage caused by severe hypoxia or hypovolemia are lacking. Based on previous studies showing that relaxin-2/serelaxin increases cortical cerebral blood flow, we postulated that serelaxin might...

Mental stress has been associated with cardiovascular events and stroke, and has also been linked with poorer brain function, likely due to its impact on cerebral vasculature. During periods of stress, individuals often increase their consumption of...

Background and Objectives: Blood flow is critical for tissue oxygenation, and alterations in cerebrovascular and peripheral circulation have important health implications. This study aimed to examine the impact of distinct mechanisms for increasing i...

Doppler findings of persistent reverse end-diastolic flow (PREDF) in a fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) are a very rare sonographic finding and are a marker of poor fetal condition. This finding often leads to intrauterine fetal death or early neon...

Background: Despite the success of transcatheter aortic valve repair (TAVR) over the past years, its impact on global and cerebral hemodynamics remains largely unexplored. Changes in cerebral blood flow may be associated with delirium, which may occu...