The main feature of a run-off river hydroelectric system is a small size intake pond that overspills when river flow is more than turbines’ intake. As river flow fluctuates, a large proportion of the potential energy is wasted due to the spillages wh...
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are indispensable for current and future industrial development, especially in smart factories, smart home technology, automated production lines, and machinery manufacturing. This study presents the trends in PL...
This work evaluates the use of a programmable logic controller (PLC) from Phoenix Contact’s PLCnext ecosystem as an image processing platform. PLCnext controllers provide the functions of “classical” industrial controllers, but they...
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) make up a substantial part of critical infrastructures (CIs) and industrial control systems (ICSs). They are programmed with a control logic that defines how to drive and operate critical processes such as nuclea...
One key role in industrial control systems (ICSs) is known as Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). However, with the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), PLCs have become exposed to an increasing number of attacks, which may cause malfunction...
As Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are increasingly connected and integrated into the industrial Internet of things, cybersecurity threats to PLCs are also increasing. Adversaries can perform a denial of service (DoS) attack based on the transm...
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are widely used for control and automation of machines and processes, so the quality of PLC software has a direct impact on production efficiency. This paper describes a PLC program for a food production line tha...
Open platform communications (OPC) unified architecture (UA) is a communication standard increasingly used in industrial automation systems to enable the exchanging of control and management data between distributed entities. This paper proposes the...
Designs of timer function blocks (FBs) are presented in the article. The developed modules are IEC 61131-3. An analysis of IEC 61131-3 in terms of timer functionality and implementation options is presented. Three types are presented, timer-on, timer...
Industrial discrete event dynamic systems (DEDSs) are commonly modeled by means of Petri nets (PNs). PNs have the capability to model behaviors such as concurrency, synchronization, and resource sharing, compared to a step transition function chart o...
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are everywhere today and perform critical tasks in industries. They are considered as a key component for the Industry 4.0. Before they are put into operation, it is necessary to check the accuracy of the PLC pro...
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), as specialized task-oriented embedded field devices, play a vital role in current industrial control systems (ICSs), which are composed of critical infrastructure. In order to meet increasing demands on cost-eff...
An appropriate control and measurement system is one of the elements that allows for the safe and effective operation of a technological installation. Such a system may have a diverse structure that corresponds to the expectations and needs of its us...
The refuge chamber provides a safe space where people can stay safe when they are trapped by an accident in a coal mine. The refuge chamber includes several systems such as oxygen supply, air purification, cooling, and dehumidifying. The oxygen suppl...
In this paper, a smart and centralized traffic light control and monitoring system is proposed to control the modern transportation systems and make the city safer, using programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and programmable electronic microcontroll...
Programmable logic controllers are commonly used in automation systems. Continuously growing demands result in the growth of control program complexity. The classic approach, based on programmatic serial-cyclic execution, results in an unacceptable e...
A programmable logic controller (PLC) executes a ladder diagram (LD) using input and output modules. An LD also has PID controller function blocks. It contains as many PID function blocks as the number of process parameters to be controlled. Adding m...
This article discusses edge detectors implemented in programmable logic controllers. The behaviors of different vendors’ solutions are presented with pros and cons. The trigger functions defined in the IEC 61131-3 standard were analyzed for imp...
The Industrial Control System (ICS) is a public facility that provides services to lots of users; thus, its security has always been a critical factor in measuring its availability. Recently, a new type of attack on ICS has occurred frequently, which...
This paper presents some of the issues related to the implementation of advanced control structures (PI controller with additional feedback, Model Predictive Controller) for drives with elastic coupling on a programmable logic controller (PLC). The p...
Ensuring the reliability and temporal accuracy of real-time data transmission in industrial systems presents significant challenges. This study evaluates the performance of a Siemens Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) transmitting data to a MongoDB...
The shift towards remote access and control of equipment has become more prominent, especially due to COVID-19 lockdowns. Access to physical/real equipment for practical learning remains important for engineering studies. Thus, this paper presents an...
The traditional Fixed Band Hysteresis Current Control (FB-HCC) though being widely used for the current control of grid integrated voltage source inverter (GI-VSI), has the drawback of variable switching frequency. To overcome this drawback, Complex...
A comprehensive test system for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is designed and developed for monitoring and controlling the inlet and outlet parameters and safety issues of fuel cells. The data acquisition and output instruction rely on...
This paper presents a dynamic optimization solution for the data packet-based communication of programmable logic controller (PLC) visual monitoring, and the objective is to improve the communication efficiency between a supervisory computer and fiel...
This paper presents a proposal of a complex mechatronic system that enhances the effectivity of obtaining energy from renewable resources. The main focus is on the photovoltaic energy system, which obtains electricity from the conversion of solar rad...
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), widely used in industrial automation, are often programmed in IEC 61131-3 Structured Text (ST), which is prone to subtle logic vulnerabilities. Traditional tools like static analysis and fuzzing struggle with th...
This paper presents the design, development, and testing of a smart home automation system that integrates a Siemens LOGO! programmable logic controller (PLC) with an ESP32 microcontroller to enable dual-mode control—manual and voice-activated....
In this paper the design and implementation of a network for integrating Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), the Object-Linking and Embedding for Process Control protocol (OPC) and the open-source Easy Java Simulations (EJS) package is presented. A...
Optical fibre sensors, such as Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBGs), are growing in their utilisation, although very niche in their applications. To enable a more diverse range of end users, expensive application-specific optical fibre interrogation hardware...
During adaptive laboratory evolution experiments, any unexpected interruption in data monitoring or control could lead to the loss of valuable experimental data and compromise the integrity of the entire experiment. Most homemade mini-bioreactors are...
The Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is located at the junction of the virtual network and physical reality in the Industrial Control System (ICS), which is vulnerable to attacks due to its weak security. Specifically, firmware tampering attacks t...
Drilling rig hoisting platform security monitoring system has played a very important role in oil exploration. And drilling parameters and working condition of workers are particularly important, because these parameters indicate that whether the dri...
Solar photovoltaic simulators are valuable tools for the design and evaluation of several components of photovoltaic systems. They can also be used for several purposes, such as educational objectives regarding operation principles, control strategie...
The paper presents a case study that applies a model predictive control (MPC) approach in a Micro850 programmable logic controller (PLC) to a laboratory pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process used for separating gas mixtures of CO2 and CH4. PLC is a...
Intelligent manufacturing is a challenging and compelling topic in Industry 4.0. Many computer vision (CV)-based applications have attracted widespread interest from researchers and industries around the world. However, it is difficult to integrate v...
Trends such as the Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 have increased the need to use new and innovative network technologies in industrial automation. The growth of industrial automation communications is an outcome of the shift to harnes...
The shipbuilding industry has recently had to address several problems, such as improving productivity and overcoming the limitations of existing worker-dependent defect-inspection systems for painting on large steel plates while meeting the demands...
This study presents the design and validation of an automated skip loading system for vertical shaft hoisting operations, aimed at addressing inefficiencies in current manual systems that contribute to consistent underperformance in meeting daily pro...
The security of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) that control industrial systems is becoming increasingly critical due to the ubiquity of the Internet of Things technologies and increasingly nefarious cyber-attack activity. Conventional techniqu...
This study explores the important task of validating data exchange between a control box, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), and a robot in an industrial setting. To achieve this, we adopt a unique approach utilizing both a virtual PLC simulator...
The implementation of safety functions, in contrast to ordinary control functions, requires a different approach to the design of the hardware and software of the control system. The reason for the different approaches is that each safety function mu...
This paper presents a hardware implementation upon a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) of improved Vector Control Strategies (VCSs) based on a Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) of a grid-connected wind energy conversion system. Usually, the classical VCS i...
Digital twins of cyber-physical systems with automated process control systems using programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are increasingly popular nowadays. At the same time, cyber-physical security is also a growing concern with system connectivity...
This study presents a fully automated, real-time robotic stacking system based on deep learning-driven visual perception, designed to optimize classification and handling tasks on industrial production lines. The proposed system integrates a YOLOv5s-...
In this paper, an integrated system to control and manage a state-of-the-art industrial computer numerical control (CNC) machine (Studer S33) using a commercially available tablet (Samsung Galaxy Tablet S2) is presented as a proof of concept (PoC) fo...
This paper aims to describe modeling and control in what concerns advanced manufacturing technology running on a flexible assembly, disassembly and repair on a mechatronic line (A/D/RML) assisted by an Autonomous Robotic System (ARS), two robotic man...
In this paper, Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are employed to solve the issue of energy consumption in a case study of an education laboratory. IoT enables deployment of AI approaches to establish smart systems and manage t...
As manufacturing technology advances, the shift toward smart solutions makes programmable logic controllers (PLCs) essential due to their reliability and scalability. Operational failures cause major disruptions if not detected early. Therefore, we d...
Anomaly detection systems are being studied to detect cyberattacks in industrial control systems (ICSs). Existing ICS anomaly detection systems monitor network packets or operational data. However, these anomaly detection systems cannot detect contro...
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