In the context of a circular economy/zero-waste, the conversion of extractive wastes into new products is of particular importance. At the Grecian Magnesite SA mine (Chalkidiki, N. Greece), millions of tons of waste accumulate in the operation field....
This study investigates the corrosion mechanism on 100 wt.% MgO and 95 wt.% MgO with 5 wt.% nano-ZrO2 ceramic composites. First, MgO powder and powder mixtures (MgO + nano ZrO2) were uniaxially and isostatically pressed; then, they were sintered at 1...
Chemical resistance of commercial refractory raw materials against Cu slag is critical to consider them as candidates for the production of refractories used in Cu metallurgy. In this study, we show the comparative results for the corrosion resistanc...
This study addresses the corrosion problem of refractory materials during high-temperature molten treatment of pharmaceutical waste salt, and systematically investigates the interface behavior and corrosion mechanism of MgO-based refractory materials...
Identification of the factors influencing refractory lining wear and its residual thickness in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) is a prerequisite for optimizing the steelmaking process. In this study, the factors that contribute significantly to the we...
In order to study the influence of MgO refractory on inclusions during the steelmaking process, laboratory quasi-equilibrium experiments were performed in MgO crucibles at 1873 K. It was found that there were no MgO-containing inclusions formed when...
Various carbon contents in the MgO-C refractory were studied with respect to the oxidation resistance and the wetting behavior with slag. The bulk density, apparent porosity, cold crushing strength, oxidation rate, and mass loss rate of the fired MgO...
The research focuses on the management of oxygen lance copper tip rotation to mitigate wear on the MgO–C refractory lining in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF). This study investigates the continuous increase in the consumption of gunning mixture...
The in situ Mg-sialon in low-carbon MgO-C refractories was studied with respect to its oxidation behavior and mechanism at 1500 °C. The results indicated that the oxidation index and rate constant of low-carbon MgO-C refractories with Mg-sialon w...
The deterioration of the refractory lining represents a significant problem for the smooth operation in the ferroalloys industry, particularly in the production of silicomanganese, due to the periodic requirements of substitution of the damaged refra...
Nowadays, digitalization and automation in both industrial and research activities are driving forces of innovations. In recent years, machine learning (ML) techniques have been widely applied in these areas. A paramount direction in the application...
In this study, cordierite-based ceramics (2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2) were synthesized using high-purity MgO, Al2O3, and SiO2 as starting materials. The influence of the MgO/Al2O3 ratio on various properties, including the thermal behavior, pyro...
Efficient melting of direct reduced iron (DRI) is essential for improving the stability and productivity of low-carbon steelmaking processes. In this study, the effect of FeO content on DRI melting behavior and coupled interfacial reactions in slag&n...
MgO–C refractory materials were developed by incorporating different ratios of alumina/titania nano-additives which were synthesized chemically. Their physical and mechanical properties, oxidation resistance, slag wettability, bulk density, app...
Aiming at optimizing properties of alumina-spinel refractory castables, coarse corundum particles were replaced partially with the particles of a novel porous multi-component CMA (CaO-MgO-Al2O3) aggregate in the same size. Properties including the bu...
The effect of α-Al2O3 nanoparticles (up to 5 wt.%) on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties, as well as on the microstructural evolution of a dense magnesia refractory is studied. Sintering temperatures at 1300, 1500, and 1600 °C...
In this work, we studied the phases in a Mg-Ti-O system using a 1:1 formulation of MgO:TiO2, mixing synthetic brucite of Mexican origin with TiO2 microparticles of high purity, with a heat treatment at 1100 °C for 1 h. Due to its valence electron...
Considering the requirement for a reduction of refractory consumption, the present work investigated the fabrication of Al2O3-MgO-CaO-based refractory with BaO addition by means of solid-state reaction sintering. The effect of BaO addition on densifi...
The chemical environment and the internal conditions of the furnaces and ladles are extremely aggressive for the refractories, so metallurgical industries demand refractory linings with greater durability and resistance to avoid unforeseen stoppages...
In this study, a novel metal matrix composite based on 60 vol% 316L stainless steel and 40 vol% MgO manufactured by powder metallurgy technology was developed. The corrosion resistance of the developed steel–MgO composite material against molte...
As a kind of renewable resource, biomass has been used more and more widely, but the potassium contained in biomass can cause corrosion of the refractory. For a better understanding of corrosion thermodynamic mechanisms, the five components of common...
Incineration of high-content sodium salt organic waste liquid will corrode the refractory material in the incinerator, causing the refractory material to peel off and be damaged. A thermodynamics method was used to study the thermodynamic properties...
Magnesia-based refractory is widely used in high-temperature industries; its easy hydration is, however, a key concern in refractory processing. Understanding the hydration mechanism of MgO will help in solving its hydration problem. Herein, the hydr...
The evolution of inclusions in low carbon Al killed steel during ladle refining of was studied based on industrial experiments, in which high basicity slag was used. The results showed that inclusions experienced the changes from Al2O3 → MgO-Al2...
The origin, evolution, and formation mechanism of MgO-based inclusions in Si-Mn-killed steel were studied in industrial trials with systematical samplings of the refining ladle, casting tundish, and as-cast bloom. In the present study, there were lar...
Magnesite (MgCO3) is a carbonate mineral, which is calcinated and further processed to generate magnesia (MgO) refractory materials and other products. MgCO3 products are mainly used in the iron and steel industries, in cement manufacture as a refrac...
The partial replacement of primary raw materials for the production of refractories with recycled ones gains in importance, as it contributes to the conservation of natural resources, energy saving, and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In this...
Frequent slag sampling and analysis is still the most common method used to investigate and improve slag operation in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) for low-alloyed carbon steelmaking. An MgO saturation diagram for EAF slags was derived from phase equi...
During the roasting process of fluxed pellets in a coal-fired rotary kiln, the incomplete combustion of pulverized coal injection accelerates deposit formation, which further limits the production efficiency of fluxed pellets. In order to eliminate t...
The electric arc furnace (EAF) process for steelmaking of Cr and Ni high alloyed stainless steel grades differs significantly from the steelmaking process of carbon steel due to the special raw materials and generally lower oxygen consumption. The sp...
Harmless treatment significantly raises the alumina content of secondary aluminum dross (SAD), laying the foundation for the preparation of MgAl2O4 (MA) refractory bricks from SAD by doping MgO. Relevant research on different molding methods, as well...
CaO and MgO are both reported as effective activators for blast furnace slag. However, the synergistic effect of these two components on the mechanical properties of alkali-activated blast furnace slag remains unclear. In this study, the flexural and...
This review paper focuses on dislocations and plastic deformation in magnesium oxide crystals. MgO is an archetype ionic ceramic with refractory properties which is of interest in several fields of applications such as ceramic materials fabrication,...
The use of a lightweight corundum–spinel refractory in working lining could reduce the thermal conductivity of industrial furnaces. In this study, bubble alumina was introduced to realize a lightweight Al2O3-MgAl2O4 refractory assisted by the r...
The corrosion resistance of spinel containing cement bonded castables has been extensively investigated in the past. However, corrosion of no-cement refractory castables (NCC) has not been widely studied since the use of NCC has been relatively limit...
Magnesia-spinel multicomponent materials have been used as refractories for a long time. In addition to a few binary systems, the influence of spinel phases on the thermal expansion (
Concrete is the most used material worldwide, with cement as its essential component. Cement production, however, has a considerable environmental footprint contributing nearly 8% of global CO2 emissions, largely from clinker calcination. This review...
Compared to the conventional deoxidation process with Al or Si-Mn for 55SiCr spring steel production, the possibility of using a Si-Ca-Ba compounded deoxidizer to control the behavior of non-metallic inclusions in spring steel was explored in this st...
Doping process is widely used to improving emission performance of MgO films thicker than 10 nm via assisting the surface recharge and changing in electron structure. The present paper briefly reviews this strategy in a search for the new materials a...
This study investigates the synthesis of magnesia–hercynite-based refractories using blends of magnesia powder, aluminum dross (AD), mill scale (MS), and graphite, focusing on the effects of carbon concentration and heating temperature. The res...
Millimeter-scale magnesian refractory granules were found to be a unique magnesian-expansive component in steel slag. To systematically study the effects of these granular magnesian-expansive components on the volume stability of cement-based materia...
U75V heavy rail steel production uses an aluminum-free deoxidation process; however, large particles of MgO–Al2O3 inclusions form in the steel, which has a great impact on product quality. In this paper, we try to explain how spinel inclusions,...
Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) materials have been used in the industrial applications of refractory materials, bone grafting materials, and microwave dielectric materials. In order to avoid the formation of the secondary phase of MgO or MgSiO3, spray pyrolysi...
The hydration of an equimolar mixture of MgO and Al2O3 nano-powders has been proven to be an effective way to synthesize Mg6Al2CO3(OH)16∙4H2O as a component of a nano-structured matrix and magnesia-alumina spinel precursor for high-performance cement...
The main problem affecting the life of refractory linings in furnaces is alkaline corrosion formed during biomass combustion, especially in systems with SiO2–Al2O3. This corrosion effect is very intensive compared to using conventional technolo...
Magnesium aluminates (MgO)x(Al2O3)1−x belong to a class of refractory materials with important applications in glass and glass–ceramic technologies. Typically, these materials are fabricated from high-temperature molten phases. However, d...
To understand and clarify the formation mechanisms and evolution of complex inclusions in Ti-Ca deoxidized offshore structural steel, inclusions in industrial steel were systematically investigated. The number density of total inclusions generally de...
Hydrogenous environments put forward new requirements to refractories for the hydrogen metallurgy field. The temperature and impurities in refractories played an important role in stability. A commercial brown corundum with many impurities was adopte...
Coal fly ash and kaolin are ceramic compounds utilized as raw materials in the production of refractories. Fly ash is an environmental pollutant that emanates abundantly from coal thermal power plants. The management of the large amounts of fly ash p...
15-5PH stainless steel castings are key components in fracturing trucks. However, DS-type inclusions can lead to fatigue failure of the material. To elucidate the formation mechanism of large-size DS-type inclusions, the evolution, growth, and aggreg...
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