A state-of-charge (SOC) versus open-circuit-voltage (OCV) model developed for batteries should preferably be simple, especially for real-time SOC estimation. It should also be capable of representing different types of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), r...
The State of Charge (SOC) is a crucial parameter in battery management systems, making accurate estimation of SOC essential for adjusting control strategies in automotive energy management and ensuring the performance of electric vehicles. In order t...
Integrating embedded systems into next-generation vehicles is proliferating as they increase safety, efficiency, and driving comfort. These functionalities are provided by hundreds of electronic control units (ECUs) that communicate with each other u...
An accurate assessment of the state of charge (SOC) of electric vehicle batteries is critical for implementing frequency regulation and peak shaving. This study proposes mechanism- and data-driven SOC fusion calculation methods. First, a second-order...
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the accuracy of three state of charge (SOC) estimators of a rechargeable Li-ion SAFT battery based on two accurate Li-ion battery models, namely a linear RC equivalent electrical circuit (ECM) and a nonlinear S...
The accuracy of the power battery model and SOC estimation directly affects the vehicle energy management control strategy and the performance of the electric vehicle, which is of great significance to the efficient management of the battery and the...
Soil erosion exerts a profound impact on the stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC), disrupting the carbon cycle and contributing to global warming. Through its role in mitigating soil erosion, the soil retention service of ecosystems holds the potentia...
The traditional RFID reader module relies on a discrete original design. This design integrates a microcontroller, high-frequency RFID reader IC and other multiple chips onto a PCB board, leading to bottlenecks in cost, power consumption, stability a...
In order to improve the estimation accuracy of the state of charge (SOC) of lithium iron phosphate power batteries for vehicles, this paper studies the prominent hysteresis phenomenon in the relationship between the state of charge and the open circu...
10 December 2021
The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the SOC-13 in Colombian adults. The SOC-13 questionnaire was administered to 489 individuals aged ≥18 years who were in lockdown from March to July 2020 i...
Lithium-ion batteries have revolutionized the portable and stationary energy industry and are finding widespread application in sectors such as automotive, consumer electronics, renewable energy, and many others. However, their efficiency and longevi...
The monitoring and prognosis of cell degradation in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are essential for assuring the reliability and safety of electric and hybrid vehicles. This paper aims to develop a reliable and accurate model for online, simultaneou...
The semiconductor industry has evolved significantly since its founding in 1950. Transistors and diodes are the primarily used electronic devices, but advancements in technology have led to more complex semiconductor devices, from printed circuit boa...
The battery state of charge (SoC), whose estimation is one of the basic functions of battery management system (BMS), is a vital input parameter in the energy management and power distribution control of electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, two me...
To achieve accurate estimates of a lithium-ion battery’s charge level (SOC) and health condition (SOH), this paper tackles key issues in battery management by introducing a framework built around an adaptive square root cubature Kalman filter (...
Sediment generated by interrill erosion is commonly assumed to be enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC) compared to the source soil. However, the reported SOC enrichment ratios (ERSOC) vary widely. It is also noteworthy that most studies reported tha...
To date, most studies have shown that biochar has great potential in carbon sequestration and reduction, as well as soil quality improvement. However, there is limited knowledge of its effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions in tropical farmlan...
The optimal state of charge (SoC) balancing control for series-connected lithium-ion battery cells is presented in this paper. A modified SoC balancing circuit for two adjacent cells, based on the principle of a bidirectional Cuk converter, is propos...
Energy storage emerged as a top concern for the modern cities, and the choice of the lithium-ion chemistry battery technology as an effective solution for storage applications proved to be a highly efficient option. State of charge (SoC) represents t...
As a classical artificial intelligence algorithm, the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm plays an important role in image recognition and classification and is gradually being applied in the Internet of Things (IoT) system. A compact CNN ac...
Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) stocks in croplands play a key role for climate change mitigation and soil sustainability, with proper management techniques enhancing carbon storage to support these goals. This study focuses on the development of a hybrid...
Battery management systems depend on open circuit voltage (OCV) characterization for state of charge (SOC) estimation in real time. The traditional approach to OCV-SOC characterization involves collecting OCV-SOC data from sample battery cells and th...
There is a “symbiotic relationship” between permafrost and the forest ecosystem; the melted permafrost provides sufficient water for forest growth, and the forest ecosystem plays an important role in protecting the permafrost. Aiming to s...
State of charge (SOC) estimation is generally acknowledged to be one of the most important functions of the battery management system (BMS) and is thus widely studied in academia and industry. Based on an accurate SOC estimation, the BMS can optimize...
The wind power capacity has increased a lot recently and the number of close energy storage systems has also rapidly increased. To enhance the frequency stability support ability of such wind–storage combined systems, this paper proposes a virt...
State of charge (SOC) estimation is an important part of a battery management system (BMS). As for small portable devices powered by lithium-ion batteries, no current sensor will be configured in BMS, which presents a challenge to traditional current...
Young’s modulus is a key parameter to describe the compressive behavior of battery electrodes and is therefore frequently employed in mechanical models. In most studies, this property is determined using pristine electrodes. However, during ele...
In DC microgrids, distributed energy storage plays a key role in stabilizing the DC bus voltage. The bidirectional DC/DC converter in the distributed energy storage system should be designed according to the voltage level and electromagnetic isolatio...
Battery energy storage systems are widely used in energy storage microgrids. As the index of stored energy level of a battery, balancing the State-of-Charge (SoC) can effectively restrain the circulating current between battery cells. Compared with p...
The state of charge (SOC) for a lithium-ion battery is a key index closely related to battery performance and safety with respect to the power supply system of electric vehicles. The Kalman filter (KF) or extended KF (EKF) is normally employed to est...
Caragana korshinskii, a key species in China’s Grain for Green Project on the Loess Plateau, is effective in enhancing soil C sequestration. However, whether its contribution to SOC (soil organic carbon) stability persists over multi-decadal re...
Early SOC balancing techniques primarily centered on simple hardware circuit designs. Passive balancing circuits utilize resistors to consume energy, aiming to balance the SOC among batteries; however, this approach leads to considerable energy wasta...
State of charge (SOC) estimation of lithium batteries is one of the most important unresolved problems in the field of electric vehicles. Due to the changeable working environment and numerous interference sources on vehicles, it is more difficult to...
This paper presents a method to validate state of charge (SOC) estimations in batteries for their use in remotely manned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The SOC estimation must provide the mission control with a measure of the available range of the aircraft...
Hybrid lithium-ion capacitors (HyLICs) have received considerable attention because of their ability to combine the advantages of high-energy lithium-ion batteries and high-power supercapacitors. State of charge (SOC) is the main factor affecting the...
Lithium-ion batteries are commonly employed in energy storage because of their extended service life and high energy density. This trend has coincided with the rapid growth of renewable energy and electric automobiles. However, as usage cycles increa...
In modular multilevel converter battery energy storage systems (MMC-BESS), state-of-charge (SOC) balancing is essential for ensuring safe and reliable operation. Existing methods based on linear controllers or conventional model-predictive control (M...
The future power system, characterized by lower inertia, reduced programmability and more distributed architecture, will depend on prompt and reliable control systems. Quick ancillary services provided by battery energy storage systems (BESS) could b...
The estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of a battery’s power is one of the key technologies in a battery management system (BMS). As a common SOC estimation method, the traditional ampere-hour integral method regards the actual capacity of...
By reporting findings from Wave 6 of the World Values Survey, this paper presents a renewed understanding of the relationship between religiosity and individual agency that is defined as sense of control (SOC) in life. In doing so, it proposes two co...
Five different tillage systems were researched in a Cambisol of a loam texture in the long-term experiment: conventional ploughing at 22–24 cm (CT), shallow ploughing at 16–18 cm (ShT), harrowing at 8–10 cm (MT1), harrowing at 14&nd...
Accurately estimating the State of Charge (SoC) is essential for optimal battery charge control and predicting the operational range of electric vehicles. The precision of SoC estimation directly influences these vehicles’ range and safety. How...
Based on the droop control, voltage regulation at the secondary control is required to eliminate the deviation of the average voltage across the microgrid. Meanwhile, to prevent any of energy storage (ESs) from over-charging or over-discharging, Stat...
Stability analysis has been extensively employed in evaluating the genotype x environment interaction, but it can also be conveniently applied to cropping systems. This study applied stability analysis to a long-term experiment (1998–2016) cond...
LiFePO4 batteries exhibit voltage plateau and voltage hysteresis characteristics during charging and discharging processes; however, the estimation of state-of-charge relies on voltage detection. Thus, the estimation accuracy of SOC is low in a tradi...
Effective path planning in complex underwater environments serves as a critical determinant of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUVs) energy efficiency, while simultaneously influencing sensor operational demands and battery state-of-charge (SOC) dynam...
Accuracy of battery charge status (SOC) estimation plays a significant role in the management of electric vehicle power batteries. However, recently, abrupt changes from SOC data often occurs in the actual operation of electric vehicles and some erro...
Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) is an important criterion to prevent the batteries from being over-charged or over-discharged, and this assures an electric vehicle’s safety and reliability. To investigate the effect of differen...
This paper used a Vanadium Redox flow Battery (VRB) as the storage battery and designed a two-stage topology of a VRB energy storage system in which a phase-shifted full bridge dc-dc converter and three-phase inverter were used, considering the low t...
With the rapid development of renewable energy technologies, islanded DC microgrids have received extensive attention in the field of distributed power generation due to their plug-and-play, flexible operation modes and convenient power conversion, a...
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