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146 Results Found

  • Review
  • Open Access
84 Citations
20,918 Views
41 Pages

A Meta-Analysis on Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) Detection and Monitoring: A Remote Sensing Perspective

  • Rabia Munsaf Khan,
  • Bahram Salehi,
  • Masoud Mahdianpari,
  • Fariba Mohammadimanesh,
  • Giorgos Mountrakis and
  • Lindi J. Quackenbush

28 October 2021

Algae serves as a food source for a wide range of aquatic species; however, a high concentration of inorganic nutrients under favorable conditions can result in the development of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Many studies have addressed HAB detection...

  • Review
  • Open Access
12 Citations
14,597 Views
26 Pages

A Review of Harmful Algal Blooms: Causes, Effects, Monitoring, and Prevention Methods

  • Christina M. Brenckman,
  • Meghana Parameswarappa Jayalakshmamma,
  • William H. Pennock,
  • Fahmidah Ashraf and
  • Ashish D. Borgaonkar

1 July 2025

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are a growing environmental concern due to their adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems, human health, and economic activities. These blooms are driven by a combination of factors, including nutrient enrichment, environment...

  • Protocol
  • Open Access
28 Citations
6,230 Views
24 Pages

Protocols for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms for Sustainable Aquaculture and Coastal Fisheries in Chile

  • Kyoko Yarimizu,
  • So Fujiyoshi,
  • Mikihiko Kawai,
  • Luis Norambuena-Subiabre,
  • Emma-Karin Cascales,
  • Joaquin-Ignacio Rilling,
  • Jonnathan Vilugrón,
  • Henry Cameron,
  • Karen Vergara and
  • Fumito Maruyama
  • + 10 authors

Harmful algae blooms (HABs) cause acute effects on marine ecosystems due to their production of endogenous toxins or their enormous biomass, leading to significant impacts on local economies and public health. Although HAB monitoring has been intensi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,361 Views
16 Pages

Sandwich Hybridization Assay for In Situ Real-Time Cyanobacterial Detection and Monitoring: A Review

  • Ping Gong,
  • Anna K. Antrim,
  • Sarah R. Bickman,
  • Emily G. Cooley and
  • Seung Ho Chung

14 August 2022

As cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (cHAB) events increase in scale, severity, frequency, and duration around the world, rapid and accurate monitoring and characterization tools have become critically essential for regulatory and management decisio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,604 Views
12 Pages

3 October 2024

The Programmable Hyperspectral Seawater Scanner (PHySS) represents a significant breakthrough in monitoring harmful algal blooms (HABs), specifically targeting the “Florida red tide” caused by Karenia brevis. By utilizing a Fourth-Derivat...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
2,279 Views
25 Pages

Systematic Review on CyanoHABs in Central Asia and Post-Soviet Countries (2010–2024)

  • Kakima Kastuganova,
  • Galina Nugumanova and
  • Natasha S. Barteneva

20 May 2025

Cyanobacterial harmful blooms (CyanoHABs) in lakes, estuaries, and freshwater reser-voirs represent a significant risk to water authorities worldwide due to their cyanotoxins and economic impacts. The duration, spread, and severity of CyanoHABs have...

  • Article
  • Open Access
845 Views
38 Pages

12 December 2025

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in large river systems present significant challenges for water quality monitoring, with traditional in-situ sampling methods limited by spatial and temporal coverage. This study evaluates the effectiveness of machine lear...

  • Data Descriptor
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,641 Views
8 Pages

27 July 2022

Commercial bans due to harmful algal blooms (HABs), which are natural events, question the sustainability of human activities in marine and coastal areas. A risk assessment of these bans is important to support decision-making to better manage and mi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
988 Views
20 Pages

17 October 2025

Domoic acid (DA), produced by Pseudo-nitzschia diatoms, is the one of the major toxin threats from harmful algal blooms (HABs) on the west coast of the United States. DA events vary in magnitude, timing, and duration, and elucidating drivers for indi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,949 Views
16 Pages

Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) are phenomena that result from alterations to ecosystems. Due to their potential toxicity, the level of danger depends on the species concerned, their frequency and intensity. They can cause impacts on biodiversity and on t...

  • Abstract
  • Open Access
1,982 Views
2 Pages

Machine Learning Approach towards the Early Warning of Cyanobacterial Blooms in Drinking Water Reservoirs

  • Claudia Fournier,
  • Antonio Quesada,
  • Ana Justel,
  • Agustín Pedro Monteoliva,
  • Jordi Cirera,
  • Carolina Solà,
  • Antoni Munné,
  • Juan Carlos Garcia,
  • José Javier Rodríguez and
  • Samuel Cirés

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are expanding globally, representing a major risk for lakes and reservoirs due to their toxicity and economic impacts. Therefore, anticipating their occurrence and understanding the main factors related...

  • Article
  • Open Access
809 Views
21 Pages

In Situ Harvesting and Molecular Identification for the Germinating Species Diversity of Dinoflagellate Resting Cysts in Jiaozhou Bay, China

  • Shuo Shi,
  • Wanli Yang,
  • Zhe Tao,
  • Fengting Li,
  • Ben Wei,
  • Caixia Yue,
  • Yunyan Deng,
  • Lixia Shang,
  • Zhaoyang Chai and
  • Ying-Zhong Tang

27 October 2025

Dinoflagellate resting cysts are critical to dinoflagellate ecology, acting as a key seed source for initiating harmful algal blooms (HABs) through their germination. However, the in situ germination dynamics of these cysts remain poorly understood d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
8,025 Views
23 Pages

Testing a Microarray to Detect and Monitor Toxic Microalgae in Arcachon Bay in France

  • Jessica U. Kegel,
  • Yolanda Del Amo,
  • Laurence Costes and
  • Linda K. Medlin

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) occur worldwide, causing health problems and economic damages to fisheries and tourism. Monitoring agencies are therefore essential, yet monitoring is based only on time-consuming light microscopy, a level at which a corre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
55 Citations
8,171 Views
23 Pages

Evaluation of Passive Samplers as a Monitoring Tool for Early Warning of Dinophysis Toxins in Shellfish

  • Gemita Pizarro,
  • Ángeles Moroño,
  • Beatriz Paz,
  • José M. Franco,
  • Yolanda Pazos and
  • Beatriz Reguera

11 October 2013

From June 2006 to January 2007 passive samplers (solid phase adsorbing toxin tracking, SPATT) were tested as a monitoring tool with weekly monitoring of phytoplankton and toxin content (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, LC-MS) in picked cells...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,997 Views
17 Pages

Advances in the Early Warning of Shellfish Toxification by Dinophysis acuminata

  • Alexandra Duarte Silva,
  • Susana Margarida Rodrigues and
  • Lia Godinho

24 April 2024

In Western Europe, the incidence of DST is likely the highest globally, posing a significant threat with prolonged bans on shellfish harvesting, mainly caused by species of the dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis. Using a time series from 2014 to 2020, o...

  • Review
  • Open Access
41 Citations
5,775 Views
30 Pages

Lipophilic Toxins in Chile: History, Producers and Impacts

  • Patricio A. Díaz,
  • Gonzalo Álvarez,
  • Gemita Pizarro,
  • Juan Blanco and
  • Beatriz Reguera

4 February 2022

A variety of microalgal species produce lipophilic toxins (LT) that are accumulated by filter-feeding bivalves. Their negative impacts on human health and shellfish exploitation are determined by toxic potential of the local strains and toxin biotran...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
7,642 Views
21 Pages

27 November 2021

Unprecedented large-scale harmful algae blooms (HABs) were reported in coastal waters off the south-eastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan, in mid-to-late September 2021, about a month after very intense and extensive marine heatwaves subsided. To understa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,708 Views
20 Pages

Dinophysis acuta in Scottish Coastal Waters and Its Influence on Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxin Profiles

  • Sarah C. Swan,
  • Andrew D. Turner,
  • Eileen Bresnan,
  • Callum Whyte,
  • Ruth F. Paterson,
  • Sharon McNeill,
  • Elaine Mitchell and
  • Keith Davidson

28 September 2018

Diarrhetic shellfish toxins produced by the dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis are a major problem for the shellfish industry worldwide. Separate species of the genus have been associated with the production of different analogues of the okadaic acid gr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,043 Views
15 Pages

Occurrence of Freshwater Cyanobacteria and Bloom Records in Spanish Reservoirs (1981–2017)

  • Rufino Vieira-Lanero,
  • Sandra Barca,
  • M. Carmen Cobo and
  • Fernando Cobo

Cyanobacterial blooms constitute a global environmental concern, with sometimes serious implications for human and animal health. Consequently, they represent a major problem in the management of water and aquatic ecosystems. The design of good quali...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,674 Views
14 Pages

A Digital Twin Lake Framework for Monitoring and Management of Harmful Algal Blooms

  • Yinguo Qiu,
  • Hao Liu,
  • Jiaxin Liu,
  • Dexin Li,
  • Chengzhao Liu,
  • Weixin Liu,
  • Jindi Wang and
  • Yaqin Jiao

17 November 2023

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by lake eutrophication and climate change have become one of the most serious problems for the global water environment. Timely and comprehensive data on HABs are essential for their scientific management, a need un...

  • Review
  • Open Access
145 Citations
18,720 Views
26 Pages

7 June 2012

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are severe ecological disasters threatening aquatic systems throughout the World, which necessitate scientific efforts in detecting and monitoring them. Compared with traditional in situ point observations, satellite remot...

  • Article
  • Open Access
66 Citations
6,659 Views
23 Pages

26 January 2021

Harmful algal blooms (hereafter HABs) pose significant threats to aquatic health and environmental safety. Although satellite remote sensing can monitor HABs at a large-scale, it is always a challenge to achieve both high spatial and high temporal re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
6,279 Views
17 Pages

9 September 2019

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) cause environmental problems worldwide. Continuous monitoring and forecasting of harmful algal blooms are necessary for marine resources managers to detect the intensity and spatial extent of HABs and provide early warning...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,128 Views
14 Pages

23 August 2022

The temporal and spatial variability of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in coastal waters of Fujian were analyzed at interannual and decadal scales based on recorded HAB events collected from 1956 to 2019. The number and impact area of HABs exhibited lit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,347 Views
16 Pages

Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms in the Southern California Current Using Satellite Ocean Color and In Situ Data

  • Min-Sun Lee,
  • Kevin Arrigo,
  • Alexandra Smith,
  • C. Brock Woodson,
  • Juhyung Lee and
  • Fiorenza Micheli

25 October 2025

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose increasing threats to marine ecosystems and fisheries worldwide, creating an urgent need for efficient wide-area monitoring schemes. Satellite remote sensing offers a promising approach. However, quantitative, real-ti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
906 Views
23 Pages

Harmful Algal Blooms as Emerging Marine Pollutants: A Review of Monitoring, Risk Assessment, and Management with a Mexican Case Study

  • Seyyed Roohollah Masoomi,
  • Mohammadamin Ganji,
  • Andres Annuk,
  • Mohammad Eftekhari,
  • Aamir Mahmood,
  • Mohammad Gheibi and
  • Reza Moezzi

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) represent an escalating threat in marine and coastal ecosystems, posing increasing risks to ecological balance, public health, and blue economy industries including fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism. This review examines...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,117 Views
15 Pages

26 April 2024

Seafood, especially from the ocean, is now seen as a greener and more sustainable source of protein, causing an increase in its demand. This has also led to people making choices towards seafood as a replacement for carbon-intensive protein sources....

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,965 Views
17 Pages

9 January 2023

For the frequent occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the Qinhuangdao coastal sea (QCS) of the Bohai Sea in summer, we tested the hypothesis that high-biodiversity HAB species exist in the area, and a series of censuses of HAB species were co...

  • Review
  • Open Access
69 Citations
18,664 Views
32 Pages

Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Fish and Shellfish Species: A Case Study of New Zealand in a Changing Environment

  • Anne Rolton,
  • Lesley Rhodes,
  • Kate S. Hutson,
  • Laura Biessy,
  • Tony Bui,
  • Lincoln MacKenzie,
  • Jane E. Symonds and
  • Kirsty F. Smith

14 May 2022

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have wide-ranging environmental impacts, including on aquatic species of social and commercial importance. In New Zealand (NZ), strategic growth of the aquaculture industry could be adversely affected by the occurrence of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,182 Views
16 Pages

Are Harmful Algal Blooms Increasing in the Great Lakes?

  • Karl R. Bosse,
  • Gary L. Fahnenstiel,
  • Cal D. Buelo,
  • Matthew B. Pawlowski,
  • Anne E. Scofield,
  • Elizabeth K. Hinchey and
  • Michael J. Sayers

10 July 2024

This study used satellite remote sensing to investigate trends in harmful algal blooms (HABs) over the last 21 years, focusing on four regions within the Laurentian Great Lakes: western Lake Erie, Green Bay, Saginaw Bay, and western Lake Superior. HA...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
4,847 Views
20 Pages

Deep Learning-Based Automatic Extraction of Cyanobacterial Blooms from Sentinel-2 MSI Satellite Data

  • Kai Yan,
  • Junsheng Li,
  • Huan Zhao,
  • Chen Wang,
  • Danfeng Hong,
  • Yichen Du,
  • Yunchang Mu,
  • Bin Tian,
  • Ya Xie and
  • Shenglei Wang
  • + 2 authors

23 September 2022

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in inland water have emerged as a major global environmental challenge. Although satellite remote sensing technology has been widely used to monitor CyanoHABs, there are also some automatic extraction m...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,112 Views
21 Pages

24 September 2025

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are an escalating global concern due to their increasing frequency, duration, intensity, and geographic spread. These events threaten public health by contaminating drinking water sources, recreational areas, and food prod...

  • Review
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,256 Views
28 Pages

Spatial Temporal Expansion of Harmful Algal Blooms in Chile: A Review of 65 Years Records

  • Camila Barría,
  • Piera Vásquez-Calderón,
  • Catalina Lizama,
  • Pablo Herrera,
  • Anahi Canto,
  • Pablo Conejeros,
  • Orietta Beltrami,
  • Benjamín A. Suárez-Isla,
  • Daniel Carrasco and
  • Doris Oliva
  • + 3 authors

2 December 2022

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) have been classified depending on the causative organism and its impacts: non-toxic HAB (microalgae capable of affecting tourism and causing oxygen deficiency, which generates mortality of marine organisms), toxic HAB (mic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,302 Views
22 Pages

15 August 2023

Harmful and toxic algal blooms (HABs) are an increasing concern for marine social-ecological systems. These unpredictable events threaten human health and may affect the viability of economic activities such as shellfish fisheries due to harvesting b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
6,011 Views
26 Pages

Predicting Harmful Algal Blooms Using Explainable Deep Learning Models: A Comparative Study

  • Bekir Zahit Demiray,
  • Omer Mermer,
  • Özlem Baydaroğlu and
  • Ibrahim Demir

26 February 2025

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have emerged as a significant environmental challenge, impacting aquatic ecosystems, drinking water supply systems, and human health due to the combined effects of human activities and climate change. This study investigat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,431 Views
20 Pages

11 December 2020

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been recognized as a serious problem for aquatic ecosystems and a threat to drinking water systems. The proposed method aimed to develop a practical and rapid countermeasure, enabling preemptive responses to massive a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,647 Views
17 Pages

26 April 2025

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), predominantly driven by cyanobacteria, pose significant risks to water quality, public health, and aquatic ecosystems. Lake Erie, particularly its western basin, has been severely impacted by HABs, largely due to nutrient...

  • Review
  • Open Access
38 Citations
8,317 Views
27 Pages

Emergent Toxins in North Atlantic Temperate Waters: A Challenge for Monitoring Programs and Legislation

  • Marisa Silva,
  • Vijaya K. Pratheepa,
  • Luis M. Botana and
  • Vitor Vasconcelos

16 March 2015

Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) are complex to manage due to their intermittent nature and their severe impact on the economy and human health. The conditions which promote HAB have not yet been fully explained, though climate change and anthropogenic int...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,711 Views
23 Pages

9 November 2023

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) adversely impact aquatic organisms, human health, and the marine economy. The need to understand the origins and mechanisms of HAB occurrence and development determines the relevance of the study of these phenomena, includ...

  • Review
  • Open Access
50 Citations
8,202 Views
15 Pages

A Review and Perspective of eDNA Application to Eutrophication and HAB Control in Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems

  • Qi Liu,
  • Yun Zhang,
  • Han Wu,
  • Fengwen Liu,
  • Wei Peng,
  • Xiaonan Zhang,
  • Fengqin Chang,
  • Ping Xie and
  • Hucai Zhang

Changing ecological communities in response to anthropogenic activities and climate change has become a worldwide problem. The eutrophication of waterbodies in freshwater and seawater caused by the effects of human activities and nutrient inputs coul...

  • Review
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,987 Views
26 Pages

Mapping Harmful Algae Blooms: The Potential of Hyperspectral Imaging Technologies

  • Fernando Arias,
  • Maytee Zambrano,
  • Edson Galagarza and
  • Kathia Broce

11 February 2025

Harmful algae blooms (HABs) pose critical threats to aquatic ecosystems and human economies, driven by their rapid proliferation, oxygen depletion capacity, toxin release, and biodiversity impacts. These blooms, increasingly exacerbated by climate ch...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,316 Views
19 Pages

Cyanobacterial Harmful Bloom Lipopolysaccharides Induce Pro-Inflammatory Effects in Immune and Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro

  • Veronika Skočková,
  • Ondřej Vašíček,
  • Eliška Sychrová,
  • Iva Sovadinová,
  • Pavel Babica and
  • Lenka Šindlerová

21 February 2023

Freshwater cyanobacterial harmful blooms (CyanoHABs) produce a variety of toxic and bioactive compounds including lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). The gastrointestinal tract can be exposed to them via contaminated water even during recreational activities...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,935 Views
15 Pages

25 January 2022

As a marine ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate, Margalefidinium polykrikoides, previously named Cochlodinium polykrikoides, have caused mass mortalities of fish worldwide during blooms. Rapid detection of target species is a prerequisite for the timely moni...

  • Article
  • Open Access
924 Views
18 Pages

10 October 2025

The increased presence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) is a concern for many aquatic environments, especially with the increasing effects of climate change. Members of the dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis have been shown to produce toxins that can caus...

  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,962 Views
17 Pages

Toxic and harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a global problem affecting human health, marine ecosystems, and coastal economies, the latter through their impact on aquaculture, fisheries, and tourism. As our knowledge and the techniques to study HABs adv...

  • Abstract
  • Open Access
1,995 Views
2 Pages

The AIHABs Project: Towards an Artificial Intelligence-Powered Forecast for Harmful Algal Blooms

  • Fernando Cobo,
  • Rufino Vieira-Lanero,
  • Sandra Barca,
  • María del Carmen Cobo,
  • Antonio Quesada,
  • Ahmed Nasr,
  • Zeinab Bedri,
  • Marcos Xosé Álvarez-Cid,
  • Mohammadmehdi Saberioon and
  • Begoña Espiña
  • + 1 author

Eutrophication of water bodies in Europe is contributing to the increase of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) which pose a serious risk to human health. To address this problem, the AIHABs project will develop an early warning forecasting system to predict...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,632 Views
21 Pages

9 November 2023

Satellite-based monitoring of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) heavily utilizes historical Envisat-MERIS and current Sentinel-OLCI observations due to the availability of the 620 nm and 709 nm bands. The permanent loss of communication...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,907 Views
18 Pages

2 March 2023

The more frequent occurrence of marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) and recent problems with newly-described toxins in Puget Sound have increased the risk for illness and have negatively impacted sustainable access to shellfish in Washington State. Ma...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,332 Views
22 Pages

Towards the Early Detection of Gymnodinium catenatum Algal Blooms in the Northern Gulf of California

  • Gabriela Reséndiz-Colorado,
  • Ernesto García-Mendoza,
  • Antonio Almazán-Becerril,
  • Jennifer Medina-Elizalde,
  • Jushiro A. Cepeda-Morales and
  • Juan P. Rivera-Caicedo

14 September 2023

The annual occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum in the northern Gulf of California (NGC) during winter and spring has negative ecological, economic, and social impacts on the local coastal population....

  • Review
  • Open Access
30 Citations
7,519 Views
16 Pages

Cyanobacterial Algal Bloom Monitoring: Molecular Methods and Technologies for Freshwater Ecosystems

  • Faizan Saleem,
  • Jennifer L. Jiang,
  • Rachelle Atrache,
  • Athanasios Paschos,
  • Thomas A. Edge and
  • Herb E. Schellhorn

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) can accumulate to form harmful algal blooms (HABs) on the surface of freshwater ecosystems under eutrophic conditions. Extensive HAB events can threaten local wildlife, public health, and the utilization of recreation...

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