Several tasks in urban and architectural design are today undertaken in a geospatial context. Building Information Models (BIM) and geospatial technologies offer 3D data models that provide information about buildings and the surrounding environment....
This paper proposes a novel rigorous transformation model for 2D-3D registration to address the difficult problem of obtaining a sufficient number of well-distributed ground control points (GCPs) in urban areas with tall buildings. The proposed model...
Progressive encoding and transmission, i.e., a crucial technical foundation of 3D Web Geographic Information Systems (WebGIS), addresses the contradiction between massive 3D building data and limited network transmission capacity. Most progressive en...
New planning tools are required to depict the complete building stock in a city and investigate detailed measures on reaching local and global targets to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To pursue this objective, ISO (th...
This research is primarily focused on utilizing available airborne LiDAR data and spatial data from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) database to generate 3D models of buildings for a large-scale urban area. The city center of Ljubljana, Slovenia, was selected...
Landmark building models typically exhibit intricate structures, posing challenges for retrieval using generic descriptors. To address this challenge, this paper abstracts and simplifies the model into simple topological structures grounded in topolo...
Digital surface models (DSMs) derived from high-resolution satellite imagery often contain mismatches, voids, and coarse building geometry, limiting their suitability for accurate and standardized 3D reconstruction. The scarcity of finely annotated s...
A 3D building model retrieval method using airborne LiDAR point clouds as input queries is introduced. Based on the concept of data reuse, available building models in the Internet that have geometric shapes similar to a user-specified point cloud qu...
The aim of the paper is to identify a suitable method for the construction of a 3D city model from stereo satellite imagery. In order to reach this goal, it is necessary to build a workflow consisting of three main steps: (1) Increasing the geometric...
For accurate urban planning, three-dimensional (3D) building models with a high level of detail (LOD) must be developed. However, most large-scale 3D building models are limited to a low LOD of 1–2, as the creation of higher LOD models requires...
This paper presents a model-based approach for reconstructing 3D polyhedral building models from aerial images. The proposed approach exploits some geometric and photometric properties resulting from the perspective projection of planar structures. D...
The development of autonomous navigation systems requires digital building models at the LoD3 level. Buildings with atypically shaped features, such as turrets, domes, and chimneys, should be selected as landmark objects in these systems. The aim of...
In this study, a hierarchical method for segmenting buildings in a digital surface model (DSM), which is used in a novel framework for 3D reconstruction, is proposed. Most 3D reconstructions of buildings are model-based. However, the limitations of t...
With rapid urbanization, highly accurate and semantically rich virtualization of building assets in 3D become more critical for supporting various applications, including urban planning, emergency response and location-based services. Many research e...
Recent advances in the availability of very high-resolution (VHR) satellite data together with efficient data acquisition and large area coverage have led to an upward trend in their applications for automatic 3-D building model reconstruction which...
Complex 3D building models, because of their huge data volume, almost always result in transmission congestion, which leads to poor user experience. To reduce the real-time transmission pressure, a novel view-dependent progressive transmission method...
Due to the façade visibility, intuitive expression, and multi-view redundancy, oblique photogrammetry can provide optional data for large-scale urban LoD-2 reconstruction. However, the inherent noise in oblique photogrammetric point cloud resu...
To tackle problems such as the destruction of topological structures and the loss of detailed features in the simplification of 3D building models, we propose a 3D building model simplification algorithm that considers detailed features and topologic...
Simplifying 3D building models, effectively reducing model complexity and improving mapping efficiency, is an important part of 3D GIS. In order to address the problem that the simplification basis considered by most 3D building model data compressio...
Large-scale WebGIS visualization of 3D building models is often constrained by large requested payloads, client-side memory pressure, and runtime state-parsing overhead. This study proposes a five-dimensional orthogonal decoupling framework and a 16-...
The level of detail (LoD) concept in CityGML (City Geography Markup Language), which indicates how closely the model mirrors its real-world counterpart, has been accepted and applied widely in various applications, including the 3D modeling of buildi...
This paper provides the innovative approach of using a spatial extract, transform, load (ETL) solution for 3D building modelling, based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetric point cloud. The main objective of the paper is to present the...
This paper presents an innovative approach to the automatic modeling of buildings composed of rotational surfaces, based exclusively on airborne LiDAR point clouds. The proposed approach starts by detecting the gravity center of the building’s...
Simplification of 3D building models is an important way to improve rendering efficiency. When existing algorithms are directly applied to simplify multi-component models, generally composed of independent components with strong topological dependenc...
A high-fidelity 3D urban building model requires large quantities of detailed textures, which can be non-tiled or tiled ones. The fast loading and rendering of these models remain challenges in web-based large-scale 3D city visualization. The traditi...
Recent advances in laser scanning systems have enabled the acquisition of 3D point cloud representations of scenes, revolutionizing the fields of Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC). This paper presents a novel pipeline for the automati...
Indoor maps lay the foundation for most indoor location-based services (LBS). Building Information Modeling (BIM) data contains multiple dimensional computer-aided design information. Some studies have utilized BIM data to automatically extract 3D in...
Three-dimensional (3D) building models are essential for urban planning, spatial analysis, and virtual simulations. However, most reconstruction methods based on Airborne LiDAR Scanning (ALS) rely primarily on rooftop information, often resulting in...
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) oblique photography technology is widely used in a variety of fields because of its excellent efficiency, realism, and low cost of manufacturing. However, due to the influence of lighting, occlusion, weak textures, and o...
A city is a dynamic entity, which environment is continuously changing over time. Accordingly, its virtual city models also need to be regularly updated to support accurate model-based decisions for various applications, including urban planning, eme...
Energy efficiency has become a crucial focus with the growing attention on sustainable development and decreasing energy consumption in the built environment. Different construction methods are being applied worldwide, such as conventional, modular,...
Three-dimensional (3D) building models have been widely used in the fields of urban planning, navigation and virtual geographic environments. These models incorporate many details to address the complexities of urban environments. Level-of-detail (LO...
Thermal inspection of buildings regarding efficient energy use is an increasing need in today’s energy-demanding world. This paper proposes a framework for mapping temperature attributes from thermal point clouds onto building facades. The goal...
The Saudi construction industry is going through a process of acclimatizing to a shifting fiscal environment. Due to recent fluctuations in oil prices, the Saudi construction sector decided to adjust to current trade-market demands and rigorous const...
Three-dimensional city models play an important role for a large number of applications in urban environments, and thus it is of high interest to create them automatically, accurately and in a cost-effective manner. This paper presents a new methodol...
A timely and accurate damage assessment of buildings after an earthquake is critical for the safety of people and property. Most of the existing methods based on classification and segmentation use two-dimensional information to determine the damage...
3D building model reconstruction is of great importance for environmental and urban applications. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a very useful data source for acquiring detailed geometric and topological information of building objec...
This article examines the potential of low-cost LiDAR technology for 3D modeling and assessment of the degradation of historic buildings, using a section of the Koszalin city walls in Poland as a case study. Traditional terrestrial laser scanning (TL...
The evaluation and renovation of existing building envelope has important practical significance for energy conservation and emission reduction in the field of architecture. With the development of digital cities, 3D models with rich temperature info...
In this study, a deep learning (DL)-based approach is proposed for the detection and reconstruction of buildings from a single aerial image. The pre-required knowledge to reconstruct the 3D shapes of buildings, including the height data as well as th...
This paper sets out a three-dimensional (3D) boundary element method (BEM) formulation in the frequency domain to simulate heat transfer through a point thermal bridge (PTB) at a corner in a building envelope. The main purpose was to quantify the dyn...
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of attrition in drug development or withdrawal; current animal experiments and traditional 2D cell culture systems fail to precisely predict the liver toxicity of drug candidates. Hence, there is an...
The Automated Building Information Modeling (BIM) reconstruction of existing building curtain walls is crucial for promoting digital Operation and Maintenance (O&M). However, existing 3D reconstruction technologies are mainly designed for general...
The use of point clouds in architecture and civil engineering has, to date, been limited almost exclusively to functional geometric features. Nevertheless, hardly any works have attempted to process and explore 3D thermal models for buildings. This p...
Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques are increasingly used to obtain 3D representations of buildings due to the broad range of applications for 3D city models related to sustainability, efficiency and resilience (i.e., energy demand estim...
The growing rate of urbanization and vertical urban development has aroused the significance of geo-related variables for property units disposed vertically within the same building. Among these, 3D indoor physical and outdoor environmental variables...
Many of today’s data models for 3D applications, such as City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) or Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) encode rich semantic information in addition to the traditional geometry and materials representation. Howeve...
At Ordnance Survey, GB, we have taken an incremental approach to creating our 3D geospatial database. Research at Ordnance Survey has focused not only on methods for deriving 3D data, but also on the needs of the user in terms of the actual tasks the...
3D building models with prototypical roofs are more valuable in many applications than 2D building footprints. This research proposes a hybrid approach, combining the data- and model-driven approaches for generating LoD2-level building models by usin...
Nowadays, advanced real-time visualization for location-based applications, such as vehicle navigation or mobile phone navigation, requires large scale 3D reconstruction of street scenes. This paper presents methods for generating photorealistic 3D c...
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