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219 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,881 Views
16 Pages

Stereo Event-Based Visual–Inertial Odometry

  • Kunfeng Wang,
  • Kaichun Zhao,
  • Wenshuai Lu and
  • Zheng You

31 January 2025

Event-based cameras are a new type of vision sensor in which pixels operate independently and respond asynchronously to changes in brightness with microsecond resolution, instead of providing standard intensity frames. Compared with traditional camer...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
68 Citations
9,047 Views
17 Pages

15 January 2014

The integrated navigation system with strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), Beidou (BD) receiver and Doppler velocity log (DVL) can be used in marine applications owing to the fact that the redundant and complementary information from differen...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,903 Views
18 Pages

Evaluation of an Algorithm for Automatic Grading of Forum Messages in MOOC Discussion Forums

  • Raquel L. Pérez-Nicolás,
  • Carlos Alario-Hoyos,
  • Iria Estévez-Ayres,
  • Pedro Manuel Moreno-Marcos and ,
  • Pedro J. Muñoz-Merino and
  • Carlos Delgado Kloos
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

20 August 2021

Discussion forums are a valuable source of information in educational platforms such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), as users can exchange opinions or even help other students in an asynchronous way, contributing to the sustainability of MOOC...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue E-learning, Digital Learning, and Digital Communication Used for Education Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,407 Views
22 Pages

5 October 2025

Competitive programming has emerged as a critical benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in solving algorithmic problems under competitive conditions. Existing methods, such as the Sequential One-Agent Pipeline (SOP) approach, suffer f...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
241 Views
29 Pages

30 October 2026

Filamentary metal–oxide RRAM conducts through a tunneling gap for which the current grows exponentially with bias, so its Read-range I–V characteristic follows a sinh(V/V0) law. This introduces a systematic, input-dependent multiply&ndash...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Memristor and Optoelectronic Memristor: Materials, Fabrication, Mechanism and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,505 Views
16 Pages

4 August 2025

Aiming to address the problems of asynchronous acquisition time of multiple sensors in the crop phenotype acquisition system and high cost of the acquisition equipment, this paper developed a low-cost crop phenotype synchronous acquisition system bas...

(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Science and Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,550 Views
18 Pages

GNSS/IMU/ODO Integrated Navigation Method Based on Adaptive Sliding Window Factor Graph

  • Xinchun Ji,
  • Chenjun Long,
  • Liuyin Ju,
  • Hang Zhao and
  • Dongyan Wei

31 December 2024

One of the predominant technologies for multi-source navigation in vehicles involves the fusion of GNSS/IMU/ODO through a factor graph. To address issues such as the asynchronous sampling frequencies between the IMU and ODO, as well as diminished acc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
549 Views
32 Pages

15 March 2026

Microwave wireless power transfer (MWPT) for space solar power stations (SSPS) requires high-precision beam pointing in order to maintain effective aperture coupling and transmission efficiency under platform motion and disturbances. This paper propo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in GNSS/INS Integration for Navigation and Positioning)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,883 Views
18 Pages

21 August 2013

Sensor network simulations require high fidelity and timing accuracy to be used as an implementation and evaluation tool. The cycle-accurate and instruction-level simulator is the known solution for these purposes. However, this type of simulation in...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,325 Views
10 Pages

An asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) ADC incorporates a passive resistor based delay cell to reduce power consumption and accommodate the SAR ADC with a reconfigurable sampling frequency or tapered bit period without repeated delay...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing and Analysis of Electrical Circuit)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,035 Views
14 Pages

In the blockchain network, the communication delay between different nodes is a great threat to the distributed ledger consistency of each miner. Blockchain is the core technology of Bitcoin. At present, some research has proven the security of the P...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Topics in Blockchain Security and Privacy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,223 Views
30 Pages

29 April 2025

Quantifying methane emissions from facilities with complex emissions profiles can present a substantial challenge. Real-world emission scenarios can involve dynamic operational background emissions and temporally overlapping asynchronous emission eve...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Sensing for Air Quality Monitoring)
  • Article
  • Open Access
693 Views
25 Pages

Intelligent Safety Monitoring of Reservoir Slopes: A Multi-Point Deformation Prediction Approach Considering Spatiotemporal Lag Effects

  • Jiachen Liang,
  • Wenhan Cao,
  • Tian Wang,
  • Mengjing Huang and ,
  • Binqing Wu and
  • Chuan Lin
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

31 May 2026

Reservoir water level fluctuations and rainfall drive bank slope deformation, typically exhibiting spatiotemporal lags. Existing prediction models often fail to characterize these complex coupled relationships and rely on manual variable selection, c...

(This article belongs to the Section New Sensors, New Technologies and Machine Learning in Water Sciences)
  • Article
  • Open Access
335 Views
22 Pages

17 August 2026

This study addresses target-to-ROV relative localization in an unmanned surface platform-assisted UAV–ROV search-and-recovery system. Because the submerged ROV is not assumed to be visible from the air, the UAV observes the floating target and...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,222 Views
22 Pages

29 April 2020

In this study, a novel sensorless method is developed to estimate the friction in a ball screw system using asynchronous experimental data for a worktable position (WP) and the servo motor torque current (SMTC), which is collected by the FOCAS librar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
698 Views
19 Pages

An Enhanced Smith-Predictor-Based Control Law for a MIMO CSTR with Multiple Time Delays

  • Morteza Mohammadzaheri,
  • Ali Al-Humairi,
  • Gholamreza Vakili-Nezhaad,
  • Aydin Azizi and ,
  • Mojtaba Ghodsi and
  • Payam Soltani
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

20 September 2026

This paper introduces an enhanced Smith-predictor-based control system (SPCS) for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) time delay processes. A conventional SPCS for an MIMO process is composed of a Smith predictor matrix providing predicted outputs and an...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Adaptive Control Theory and Applications for Nonlinear Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Views
22 Pages

Robust GPS/Visual–Inertial Navigation in Dynamic and GPS-Degraded Environments via Dynamic Feature Masking and GPS Measurement Screening

  • Wei Yi,
  • Hongwei Bian,
  • Changding Xu,
  • Rongying Wang and ,
  • Shuai Zhao and
  • Xin Chen
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

9 November 2026

Achieving reliable localization in dynamic environments remains challenging because moving objects corrupt visual constraints, and degraded GPS measurements introduce erroneous absolute-position corrections. To address these challenges, this paper pr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Localization Through Multi-Sensor Fusion Techniques)
  • Article
  • Open Access
772 Views
18 Pages

Study on HILS Implementation of FPGA-Based PFC Circuits Using Sub-Cycle Average Models

  • Tae-Hun Kim,
  • Won-Cheol Hong,
  • Su-Han Pyo,
  • Byeong-Hyeon An and
  • Tae-Sik Park

9 December 2025

This paper presents a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation of an Interleaved Boost Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter using the Sub-Cycle Average (SCA) modeling technique. The main objective is to achi...

(This article belongs to the Section F3: Power Electronics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
3,150 Views
14 Pages

30 September 2020

The main objective of this work revolves around the design of second order sliding mode controllers (SOSMC) based on the super twisting algorithm (STA) for asynchronous permanent magnet motor (PMSM) fed by a direct matrix converter (DMC), in order to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 20 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC 2020))
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,222 Views
17 Pages

We consider the problem of output feedback stabilization of LTI systems under event-triggering implementation. In particular, we assume that both the plant output and the control input are both transmitted over the network in an asynchronous manner....

(This article belongs to the Section Communications and Networking)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,118 Views
16 Pages

7 October 2024

To improve the voltage regulation of asynchronous generators during load switching, a Lyapunov-based control strategy has been proposed to stabilize the generator’s voltage by connecting a static synchronous compensator. By constructing a Lyapu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Control in Power Electronics, Drives and Generators)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,673 Views
28 Pages

22 April 2022

In order to solve the collaborative navigation problems in challenging environments such as insufficient visible satellites, obstacle reflections and multipath errors, and in order to improve the accuracy, usability, and stability of collaborative na...

(This article belongs to the Collection Navigation Systems and Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,967 Views
18 Pages

Real-Time Geo-Localization for Land Vehicles Using LIV-SLAM and Referenced Satellite Imagery

  • Yating Yao,
  • Jing Dong,
  • Songlai Han,
  • Haiqiao Liu and ,
  • Quanfu Hu and
  • Zhikang Chen
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

24 July 2025

Existing Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms provide precise local pose estimation and real-time scene reconstruction, widely applied in autonomous navigation for land vehicles. However, the odometry of SLAM algorithms exhibits lo...

(This article belongs to the Section Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,935 Views
16 Pages

21 September 2023

In recent decades, memory-intensive applications have experienced a boom, e.g., machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and big data analytics. Such applications often experience out-of-memory (OOM) errors, which cause unexpected process...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cross-Applications of Natural Language Processing and Text Mining)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,564 Views
14 Pages

Stokes Dynamic Polarimeter for Non-Organic and Organic Samples Characterization

  • Dora-Luz Almanza-Ojeda,
  • Daniela Rodriguez-Sotelo,
  • Rogelio Castro-Sanchez,
  • Rene Martinez-Celorio and
  • Mario-Alberto Ibarra-Manzano

10 March 2022

The light polarization properties provide relevant information about linear–optical media quality and condition. The Stokes–Mueller formalism is commonly used to represent the polarization properties of the incident light over sample test...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensors Technology and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,792 Views
20 Pages

A Study on Distributed Multi-Sensor Fusion for Nonlinear Systems Under Non-Overlapping Fields of View

  • Liu Wang,
  • Yang Zhou,
  • Wenjia Li,
  • Lijuan Shi and ,
  • Jian Zhao and
  • Haiyan Wang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

7 July 2025

To explore how varying viewpoints influence the accuracy of distributed fusion in asynchronous, nonlinear visual-field systems, this study investigates fusion strategies for multi-target tracking. The primary focus is on how different sensor perspect...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensing and Imaging)
  • Article
  • Open Access
785 Views
15 Pages

23 January 2026

Motion capture experiments can be conducted more easily if marker-based motion (marker-based MoCap) can be captured using an asynchronous multicamera system (Async MCS). However, camera calibration is essential for marker-based MoCap, and a wand cali...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensing and Imaging)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,819 Views
17 Pages

The swift development of digital financial services has increased transaction volumes and heightened system performance requirements. Cardless cash deposit transactions at PT Bank XYZ have significantly increased since 2022. This growth necessitates...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced System Architectures and AI-Driven Innovations for Next-Generation Computing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
562 Views
23 Pages

Fault Diagnosis Method for Asynchronous Motors Based on Incomplete Dataset

  • Fei Li,
  • Senquan Yang,
  • Shaojun Ren,
  • Nan An and ,
  • Xi Li and
  • Fengqi Si
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

30 April 2026

Maintaining safe and consistent performance in industrial energy networks necessitates the dependable detection of asynchronous motor failures. However, in practical scenarios, diagnostic models often suffer from poor generalization and high false al...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent, Data-Driven, and Trustworthy Methods for Energy System Optimization, Monitoring, and Fault Diagnosis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,013 Views
12 Pages

7 January 2021

In this paper, asynchronous complex histogram (ACH)-based multi-task artificial neural networks (MT-ANNs), are proposed to realize modulation format identification (MFI), optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) estimation and fiber nonlinear (NL) noise...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Network Automation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,147 Views
19 Pages

24 January 2021

The thermography as a methodology to quantitative data acquisition is not usually addressed in the degrees of university programs. The present manuscript proposes a novel approach for the acquisition of advanced competences in engineering courses ass...

(This article belongs to the Collection Teaching and Learning in Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,252 Views
21 Pages

10 April 2024

This paper investigates the asynchronous motors driven by a Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped Voltage Source Inverter (3L-NPC-VSI) and aims to achieve control without weight factors and reduce torque ripple. It puts forward a non-weighted two-stage F...

(This article belongs to the Collection Advanced Control and Applications of Power Electronics and Power Converters)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,561 Views
17 Pages

Event cameras are bio-inspired devices that have revolutionized the acquisition of visual information by mimicking the neural architecture of the eye. These cameras respond asynchronously to changes in scene illumination at the pixel level, providing...

(This article belongs to the Section Optoelectronics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
421 Views
22 Pages

26 May 2026

To achieve high-precision trajectory and contour tracking of maglev planar motors under limited communication bandwidth and embedded computational resources, this paper proposes a double event-triggered global terminal sliding-mode control with distu...

(This article belongs to the Section Control Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
4,188 Views
20 Pages

Quasi-Delay-Insensitive Implementation of Approximate Addition

  • Padmanabhan Balasubramanian and
  • Nikos E. Mastorakis

20 November 2020

Asynchronous quasi-delay-insensitive (QDI) implementation of approximate addition is described in this article. The objective is to provide an insight into the optimization in design metrics that can be achieved with approximate addition compared to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation and Modelling in Natural Sciences, Economics, Biomedicine and Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,019 Views
19 Pages

Traditional motor temperature rise testing generally uses temperature sensors. To solve problems such as sensor detachment, aging, and space occupation, this study takes a three-phase asynchronous motor as an example to propose a method for building...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems & Control Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,650 Views
25 Pages

24 April 2025

This study focused on addressing the issue of delayed root system development in mulberry trees during aerosol cultivation, which is attributed to the asynchronous growth of branches and buds. To tackle this challenge, we propose an intelligent folia...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensors and Robotics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
6,069 Views
19 Pages

7 May 2023

The dynamic measurement and identification of structural deformation are essential for structural health monitoring. Traditional contact-type displacement monitoring inevitably requires the arrangement of measurement points on physical structures and...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensing and Imaging)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,931 Views
22 Pages

To solve the problem of asynchronous speed between the coaxial in-wheel motors of distributed drive electric vehicle caused by changes in the road surface, load, and other factors during the regenerative braking of the vehicle, which may result in a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Electric Vehicle Control, Testing and Evaluation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
540 Views
18 Pages

24 March 2026

This paper introduces D3O-GT, a distributed optimization framework designed to operate under partial, heterogeneous, and delayed information—conditions commonly encountered in large-scale logistics and networked decision support systems. The pr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimizing Logistics Activities: Models and Applications)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
90 Views
8 Pages

Implementation and Experimental Validation of an SDR-Based FMCW Radar with Cross-Correlation Synchronization for Short-Range Distance Measurement

  • Steven Tabango,
  • Luis Antonio Flores,
  • Robin Álvarez,
  • Pablo Lupera-Morillo and ,
  • Ricardo Llugsi and
  • Roberto Maldonado
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

2 November 2026

This paper presents the implementation and field evaluation of a short-range frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar based on an ADALM-PLUTO software-defined radio, a 23 dBi dual-polarized antenna, and MATLAB processing. A 56 MHz triangular...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,816 Views
28 Pages

MA-EVIO: A Motion-Aware Approach to Event-Based Visual–Inertial Odometry

  • Mohsen Shahraki,
  • Ahmed Elamin and
  • Ahmed El-Rabbany

4 December 2025

Indoor localization remains a challenging task due to the unavailability of reliable global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals in most indoor environments. One way to overcome this challenge is through visual–inertial odometry (VIO), wh...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Sensor Integration for Mobile and UAS Mapping)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
784 Views
27 Pages

25 February 2026

Predicting the future parking locations and durations of private vehicles using vehicular edge devices is critical for real-time intelligent transportation services, ranging from instant point-of-interest recommendations to dynamic route planning. Ad...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Time Series Analysis: Methods, Applications and Emerging Trends)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,529 Views
14 Pages

2 March 2023

The temperature effect caused by high slip has an important influence on the operation performance and reliability of magnetic coupling. Taking the self-developed single disk asynchronous magnetic coupling as the research object, the heat loss equati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,813 Views
14 Pages

A Novel RFID Authentication Protocol Based on Reconfigurable RRAM PUF

  • Qirui Ren,
  • Xiangqu Fu,
  • Hao Wu,
  • Kaiqi Yang and ,
  • Dengyun Lei,
  • Guozhong Xing and
  • Feng Zhang
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

15 December 2021

Radio frequency identification technology (RFID) has empowered a wide variety of automation industries. Aiming at the current light-weight RFID encryption scheme with limited information protection methods, combined with the physical unclonable funct...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Emerging Nonvolatile Memory)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,989 Views
26 Pages

Automated Identification of Application-Dependent Safe Faults in Automotive Systems-on-a-Chips

  • Ahmet Cagri Bagbaba,
  • Felipe Augusto da Silva,
  • Matteo Sonza Reorda,
  • Said Hamdioui and ,
  • Maksim Jenihhin and
  • Christian Sauer
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

ISO 26262 requires classifying random hardware faults based on their effects (safe, detected, or undetected) within integrated circuits used in automobiles. In general, this classification is addressed using expert judgment and a combination of tools...

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,117 Views
24 Pages

30 March 2022

The localization of internet of things (IoT) nodes in indoor scenarios with strong multipath channel components is challenging. All methods using radio signals, such as received signal strength (RSS) or angle of arrival (AoA), are inherently prone to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,329 Views
24 Pages

21 December 2021

Large and densely sampled sensor datasets can contain a range of complex stochastic structures that are difficult to accommodate in conventional linear models. This can confound attempts to build a more complete picture of an animal’s behavior...

(This article belongs to the Collection Advances in Sensors, Big Data and Machine Learning in Intelligent Animal Farming)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,923 Views
18 Pages

Reconstruction Method of 3D Turbulent Flames by Background-Oriented Schlieren Tomography and Analysis of Time Asynchrony

  • Peng Gao,
  • Yue Zhang,
  • Xiaoxiao Yu,
  • Shikui Dong and ,
  • Qixiang Chen and
  • Yuan Yuan
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

27 October 2023

Background-oriented Schlieren tomography (BOST) is widely used for 3D reconstruction of turbulent flames. Two major concerns are associated with 3D reconstruction. One is the time asynchrony within the data acquisition of the high-speed camera. The o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sooting Flame Diagnostics and Modeling)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,398 Views
23 Pages

Key Vital Signs Monitor Based on MIMO Radar

  • Michael Gottinger,
  • Nicola Notari,
  • Samuel Dutler,
  • Samuel Kranz and ,
  • Robin Vetsch,
  • Tindaro Pittorino,
  • Christoph Würsch and
  • Guido Piai
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

30 June 2025

State-of-the-art radar systems for the contactless monitoring of vital signs and respiratory diseases are typically based on single-channel continuous wave (CW) technology. This technique allows precise measurements of respiration patterns, periods o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Smart Sensing and Intelligent Sensors 2025)

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