Research has shown that diet significantly influences the chance of developing chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes and several types of cancer. Dietary components modula...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute a heterogeneous group of membrane-derived particles generated through distinct biogenesis pathways, each regulated by precise molecular mechanisms. They carry a diverse array of cargo that reflects the physiolo...
Stem-cell differentiation technologies have traditionally relied on recombinant growth factors, cytokines, and morphogens to initiate and guide lineage specification toward clinically relevant cell types. These approaches have enabled substantial pro...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is triggered by dysregulated cytokine networks, but the distributional association of conventional synthetic (csDMARDs) and biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) with circulating mediators has not been fully described. In this study, we...
The balance of alveolar macrophage (AM) polarization is severely disrupted in chronic inflammatory diseases like bronchiectasis, where a persistent pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype perpetuates inflammation. To address this, we developed a high-through...
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects a significant proportion of patients who develop digestive and cardiac complications, including megaviscera. This pathogenesis has been associated with autoimmune mechanisms mediated by molecular m...
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) is a key component of the type I interferon (IFN-I/III) signaling pathway, which is pivotal in host defense against cancer and viral infections and in shaping immune responses. Building on ou...
Efferocytosis, the process by which macrophages clear apoptotic cells, plays a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis. This study explores the influence of inflammatory cytokines—tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and transforming...
Colorectal tumors consist of diverse cell populations, including cancer cells and immune cells. Sorafenib (Nexavar), an oral multikinase inhibitor, targets tumor growth and angiogenesis while inducing apoptosis. However, its clinical use is hindered...
Tuberculosis (TB) has various clinical presentations; pulmonary TB (PTB) affects only the lungs, whereas extrapulmonary TB involves other organs, including pleural TB (PLTB). Immunological studies of patients with extrapulmonary TB primarily focus on...
Successful implantation requires a finely regulated endometrial microenvironment during the window of implantation. Chronic endometritis, defined by plasma cell infiltration, and stromal senescence, indicated by p16 expression, represent separate but...
Hericium erinaceus is a medicinal mushroom valued in the wellness industry for its neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. While many extracts and bioactive compounds from both mycelium and fruit bodies have been characterized,...
Unexplained infertility and idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) have a prevalence of 1–5% of women of reproductive age in different populations. There are a few reports comparing the circulating immune cell populations and subpopulations...
T cells and B cells are central components of the adaptive immune system, orchestrating immune responses through a complex network of interactions. This review explores the dynamic interplay between T and B cells, focusing on their development, activ...
Angioedema (AE) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by acute, localized, non-pitting edema of the skin, mucosa, and submucosal tissues, with potentially life-threatening airway involvement. This comprehensive review aims to provide an updated...
Autoimmune disease (AD) is a breakdown of self-tolerance by the immune system and has a variety of clinical manifestations and complications across all organ systems. One of the targets for treatment of AD aims at reducing inflammation and upregulati...
The exact role of nitric oxide (NO) in the complex interplay between the host and Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) parasite remains uncovered. While much has been revealed about the role of the inducible isoenzyme (iNOS) in different parasitic infe...
Filarial parasites are long-lived organisms that cause extreme morbidity due to pathological manifestations, including lymphedema, hydrocele, and elephantiasis. Understanding the hosts’ immune responses to filarial parasites is crucial to devel...
The clinical features and outcomes of adult acute leukemia (AL)-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (AL-HLH) remain insufficiently characterized. We retrospectively analyzed 45 adult patients diagnosed with AL-HLH between December 2019 and...
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease in which cytotoxic T cells contribute to tissue damage through dysregulated effector pathways. CD107a (LAMP-1) serves as a functional marker of CD8+ T-cell degranul...
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) play a crucial role in the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells, encompassing both inhibitory and activating types. A higher ratio of cytotoxic to inhibitory receptors may harm successful pr...
Nearly 10% of IVF patients experience repeated implantation failure (RIF). Although several meta-analyses report improved outcomes following peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) administration, the uterine mechanisms remain poorly understood. We...
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune condition traditionally recognized for its gastrointestinal symptoms. However, growing evidence indicates that CD can also affect social and emotional health, particularly among children. This narrative rev...
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging environmental immunotoxins with widespread human exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Detected in the placenta, lungs, blood, bone marrow, and brain, MNPs accumulate in immune organs...
Embryo implantation requires a finely tuned immune balance at the maternal–fetal interface. Interferon tau (IFN-τ), a key immunomodulator in ruminant implantation, may have therapeutic potential in human reproduction. This study investigate...
The inflammatory and metabolic complexity of colitis necessitates therapies that act on multiple immune pathways. Using serum proteomic profiling, the present study evaluated the systemic immunomodulatory profile of Epilobium angustifolium lyophilize...
Background: Endometriosis, believed by many to be rooted in immunology, is a chronic disease. Upregulation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in immune cells may compromise their defensive function, a mechanism demonstrated in the context of c...
Lung cancer is the most common cause of death due to cancer in the world, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer, representing approximately 84% of all cases. Due to its frequency and mortality, the amount of re...
Neutrophils are an essential protective component of the innate immune system. However, in severe bacterial infections, neutrophils are known to mis-localise from the primary site of infection to other organs, where excessive release of cytokines, ch...
Immune cells like neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and lymphocytes play key roles in the development, progression, and resolution of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by contributing to inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. IFN-γ, a cytokine...
Cardiomyopathies affect over 3 million individuals globally, with conventional treatments exhibiting up to 60% resistance and 25% 30-day readmission rates. This review synthesizes the current evidence on the role of neuro-immune interactions in the p...
Inducible forms of chronic urticaria are characterized by an early age of onset and a long duration of disease. In addition, cold and cholinergic urticaria have a risk of developing systemic, sometimes life-threatening, reactions. Determining the pat...
Addressing the critical challenge in the differential diagnosis of severe inflammatory lung diseases, we propose a novel methodology for the analysis of macrophage surface receptors, CD68 and CD206, using specific non-antibody ligands. We developed a...
Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) play a pivotal role in joint destruction in RA. Myostatin (MSTN), a myokine, is highly expressed in the RA synovium; however, its role in the function of RASFs is unclear. We hypothesized that MSTN am...
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated β-cell destruction, where interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling plays a complex and context-dependent role. Tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) inhibitor, is ef...
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy characterized by marked resistance to standard chemotherapy and poor prognosis. While the advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized the management of several...
Background/Objectives: Obesity induces chronic low-grade inflammation marked by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 (IL-10), contributing to immune d...
Viral infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT), largely due to its impact on and interaction with immune reconstitution. Both innate and adaptive immunity are...
Crohn’s disease is a chronic, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by patchy, transmural inflammation that is influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. The NOD2 pathway mediates NFκB activation and pro-in...
Olive oil, a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet, is increasingly recognized not only for its cardiovascular benefits but also for its potential role in cancer prevention and therapy. Among its bioactive constituents, several phenolic compounds&mda...
The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection involves significant alterations in the phenotype and function of natural killer (NK) cells. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in NK cell subsets during COVID-19 by analyzing their activat...
The human C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is a molecule primarily expressed on the surface of inflammatory cells, acting as the main HIV co-receptor. In order to penetrate host cells, HIV interacts with both CCR5 and the CD4 molecule during the...
The prostate gland, a male accessory reproductive organ, is regulated by hormonal inputs and autonomic innervation from the major pelvic ganglion. This study examined the effects of major pelvic ganglion denervation on prostate histology, immune cell...
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. Despite its success across various malignancies, a significant proportion of patients either fail to respond (primary resistance) or relapse after an initial response (acquired resistance). This revi...
Human colorectal cancer (CRC) encompasses tumors affecting a segment of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. It is a multifactorial disease...
Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation treatments for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), 5-year survival rates remain at nearly 11%. Cholangiocarcinoma, while not as severe, also possesses similar survival rates. Fewer than 20...
The tumor microenvironment (TME) in advanced solid tumors is determined by immune checkpoints (PD-1, CTLA-4, and CD95) and cytokine networks (IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α) that drive CD8+ T cell exhaustion, metabolic reprogramming, and apoptosis resi...
Guillain-Barre syndrome is an autoimmune disease that provokes neural illness causing acute paralysis neuropathy. This syndrome appears after some bacterial infections produced by Campylobacter jejuni, Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, Haemophil...
Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most prevalent types of inherited errors of immunity (IEI) and are characterized by a broad range of clinical manifestations, such as recurrent infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, atopy an...
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a multifaceted inflammatory disorder characterized by distinct immunopathogenic entities, including type 2 inflammation mediated by cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13. These cy...
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