Immuno, Volume 6, Issue 1

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute a heterogeneous group of membrane-derived particles generated through distinct biogenesis pathways, each regulated by precise molecular mechanisms. They carry a diverse array of cargo that reflects the physiolo...

Stem-cell differentiation technologies have traditionally relied on recombinant growth factors, cytokines, and morphogens to initiate and guide lineage specification toward clinically relevant cell types. These approaches have enabled substantial pro...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is triggered by dysregulated cytokine networks, but the distributional association of conventional synthetic (csDMARDs) and biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) with circulating mediators has not been fully described. In this study, we...

The balance of alveolar macrophage (AM) polarization is severely disrupted in chronic inflammatory diseases like bronchiectasis, where a persistent pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype perpetuates inflammation. To address this, we developed a high-through...

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects a significant proportion of patients who develop digestive and cardiac complications, including megaviscera. This pathogenesis has been associated with autoimmune mechanisms mediated by molecular m...

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) is a key component of the type I interferon (IFN-I/III) signaling pathway, which is pivotal in host defense against cancer and viral infections and in shaping immune responses. Building on ou...

Efferocytosis, the process by which macrophages clear apoptotic cells, plays a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis. This study explores the influence of inflammatory cytokines—tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and transforming...

Colorectal tumors consist of diverse cell populations, including cancer cells and immune cells. Sorafenib (Nexavar), an oral multikinase inhibitor, targets tumor growth and angiogenesis while inducing apoptosis. However, its clinical use is hindered...

Tuberculosis (TB) has various clinical presentations; pulmonary TB (PTB) affects only the lungs, whereas extrapulmonary TB involves other organs, including pleural TB (PLTB). Immunological studies of patients with extrapulmonary TB primarily focus on...

Successful implantation requires a finely regulated endometrial microenvironment during the window of implantation. Chronic endometritis, defined by plasma cell infiltration, and stromal senescence, indicated by p16 expression, represent separate but...