Proceedings

Other

5 pages, 479 KiB

Open AccessExtended Abstract

A New Approach to the Synthesis of Functionalized Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes

by Arif Idris Ismiev, Gunay Zakhid Mamedova, Victor V. Dotsenko, Nikolai A. Aksenov, Inna V. Aksenova and Abel Mamedali Magerramov

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05794 - 14 Mar 2019

Viewed by 1276

Abstract

The reaction of furfural with secondary amines and isopropyl cyanoacetate leads to the formation of the previously unknown diisopropyl 8-(dialkylamino)-2,4-dicyano-3-(2-furyl)-6- oxobicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dicarboxylates. The structures of the products were confirmed by NMR and X-ray analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

5 pages, 473 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Easy Approach to Obtain Alcohol-Amines by Reduction of Alcohol Functionalized Imines

by Matilde Fondo, Julio Corredoira-Vázquez, Ana M. GarcíaDeibe and Jesús Sanmartín-Matalobos

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05697 - 14 Mar 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1582

Abstract

The reduction of functionalized imines to yield amines is often an intricate task, since most of the methods described in the literature to reduce imines to amines do not take into account that many reducing agents have also basic character. In this way, [...] Read more.

The reduction of functionalized imines to yield amines is often an intricate task, since most of the methods described in the literature to reduce imines to amines do not take into account that many reducing agents have also basic character. In this way, iminic compounds that have phenol functions usually produce the phenolic salt of the precursor when they are treated with a basic reducing agent, but not the desired amine. In this work, we describe an easy way of isolating very pure aminic compounds with alcoholic functions in its structure from the corresponding iminic compounds, by using NaBH₄ as a reducing agent, and avoiding tedious chromatography or multiple solvent extraction steps. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 367 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of Diethyl (2-(1-(morpholinomethyl)-2-Oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl) (Substituted Phenyl/heteryl) MethylphosphonateDerivatives

by Shailee V. Tiwari, Julio A. Seijas, M. Pilar Vazquez-Tato and Anna Pratima G. Nikalje

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05790 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 984

Abstract

This work reports ultrasound assisted synthesis diethyl (2-(1-(morpholinomethyl)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl) (substituted phenyl/heteryl) methylphosphonate 9(a–j) derivatives. The derivatives are synthesized using a green protocol. In the first step, 3-hydrazonoindolin-2-one is synthesized using ultrasound. In the second step, diethyl (substituted phenyl/heteryl)(2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl) methylphosphonate 6(a–j) [...] Read more.

This work reports ultrasound assisted synthesis diethyl (2-(1-(morpholinomethyl)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl) (substituted phenyl/heteryl) methylphosphonate 9(a–j) derivatives. The derivatives are synthesized using a green protocol. In the first step, 3-hydrazonoindolin-2-one is synthesized using ultrasound. In the second step, diethyl (substituted phenyl/heteryl)(2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl) methylphosphonate 6(a–j) derivatives are synthesized using cerric ammonium nitrate as catalyst. In the third step, diethyl (2-(1-(morpholinomethyl)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl) (substituted phenyl/heteryl) methylphosphonate 9(a–j) derivatives are synthesized using ultrasound. Isatin, chemically known as H-indole-2,3-dione, and its derivatives possess a broad range of biological and pharmacological properties. Isatin is widely used as a starting material for the synthesis of a broad range of heterocyclic compounds and as substrates for drug synthesis. The α-amino phosphonate derivatives constitute an important class of organophosphorus compounds on account of their versatile biological activity. Morpholine moiety has been found to be an eminent pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry. A number of molecules possessing morpholine moiety are clinically approved drugs. The importance of this ring is well understood by medicinal chemists, since they play a major role in molecular properties such as an electronic distribution, three dimensionality, scaffold flexibility/rigidity, lipophilicity or polarity and metabolic stability. Considering the importance of the three pharmacophores, this promoted us to club these pharmacophores together in a single molecule using a green synthetic protocol.The structures of the ultrasound synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral analysis like IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR and MS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

7 pages, 409 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Arylthienyl-vinyl-benzothiazoles as Efficient Second Harmonic Generators (SHG) for Nonlinear Optics

by Rosa M. F. Batista, Susana P. G. Costa, Michael Belsley and M. Manuela M. Raposo

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05702 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1016

Abstract

New push-pull second harmonic generation (SHG) chromophores 2 were synthesized in order to study their linear and nonlinear optical properties. The donor-acceptor π-conjugated systems 2 were prepared in good to excellent yields by a simple aldol-type condensation of the precursor aldehydes 1 with [...] Read more.

New push-pull second harmonic generation (SHG) chromophores 2 were synthesized in order to study their linear and nonlinear optical properties. The donor-acceptor π-conjugated systems 2 were prepared in good to excellent yields by a simple aldol-type condensation of the precursor aldehydes 1 with 6-nitro-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole in the presence of NaOH. Hyper-Rayleigh scattering in dioxane solutions was used to evaluate their second-order nonlinear optical properties. The experimental results showed that the optical (linear and nonlinear) properties are influenced by the electron-donor strength of the groups of the π-conjugated bridge. The vinyl-benzothiazole derivative 2b, with methoxyl as the donor group, exhibited the largest first hyperpolarizability β (1660 × 10⁻³⁰ esu, 40 times greater than the standard reference pNA molecule) and the highest decomposition temperature (T_d = 360 °C). The good balance between nonlinearity and thermal stability makes this compound a promising candidate as second harmonic generator (SHG) for nonlinear optics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

8 pages, 392 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

MW-Assisted Synthesis of Eight New 6-Nitrilmethyl Pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-Ones via a Domino Process: aza Diels–Alder/N-Acylation/Aromatization

by Manuel A. Rentería-Gómez, Shrikant G. Pharande, Alejandro Islas-Jácome, Eduardo González-Zamora and Rocío Gámez-Montaño

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05779 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1347

Abstract

An efficient Microwave (MW)-assisted synthesis of eight new 6-nitrilmethyl-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-ones via a domino process: aza Diels–Alder/N-acylation/aromatization (dehydration–decarboxylation) from their corresponding 2-aminonitrile-oxazoles and maleic anhydride are described. The use of MW as a heat source and scandium (III) triflate as a [...] Read more.

An efficient Microwave (MW)-assisted synthesis of eight new 6-nitrilmethyl-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-ones via a domino process: aza Diels–Alder/N-acylation/aromatization (dehydration–decarboxylation) from their corresponding 2-aminonitrile-oxazoles and maleic anhydride are described. The use of MW as a heat source and scandium (III) triflate as a catalyst to promote the cycloaddition process was crucial to construct these polyfunctionalized products in very good yields (51–79%), considering both their molecular complexity and that only one domino-type experimental procedure was required for their synthesis. It is worth noting that all products reported herein have not been synthesized nor isolated anywhere. However, they can be of high interest for the synthetic and medicinal chemistry community because pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one is the structural core of various bioactive compounds. In the same context, it can be considered as a privileged aza analogue of the isoindolin-1-one, which in turn is the core of numerous anticancer agents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

8 pages, 337 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Pyrrolidinodiones in Enol-Ugi, Enol-Passerini, and Anomalous Enol-Passerini Condensations

by Ana G. Neo and Carlos F. Marcos

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05864 - 19 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1200

Abstract

In continuation of our recent research on the development of novel multicomponent reactions with isocyanides, we have used, for the first time, enols as the acid components in Ugi- and Passerini-type reactions. Thus, electron-poor pyrrolidinodiones react with aldehydes, amines, and isocyanides to give [...] Read more.

In continuation of our recent research on the development of novel multicomponent reactions with isocyanides, we have used, for the first time, enols as the acid components in Ugi- and Passerini-type reactions. Thus, electron-poor pyrrolidinodiones react with aldehydes, amines, and isocyanides to give the enaminic four-component adducts. Conversely, in the absence of the amine component, careful control of the reaction conditions allows the involvement of one or two molecules of isocyanide to afford, selectively, either Passerini-type or pseudo-enol-Ugi-type products. These unprecedented condensations of isocyanides, aldehydes, amines, and 4-substituted pyrrolidine-2,3-diones constitute an excellent strategy for the preparation of new biologically relevant pyrrolidinones having peptidic or pseudo-peptidic groups on carbon 3. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

5 pages, 260 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis of New Hyperbranched Phosphorus-Containing Polyesters Starting from Boltorn H20

by Sergey A. Loza, Victor V. Dotsenko and Victor I. Zabolotskiy

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05862 - 16 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1136

Abstract

Upon gentle treatment with SOCl₂, hyperbranched polyester Boltorn H₂0 afforded a mixture of terminal polychlorides. The latter react with an excess of triphenylphosphine in boiling toluene or with pyridine to give a mixture of polyesters with terminal triphenylphosphonium and pyridinium fragments, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

5 pages, 745 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effects of Three Ionic Liquids on Microbial Activity of an Organic Soil. Microcalorimetric Study

by Teresa Sixto, Carlota Ucha, Carmen Trasar-Cepeda, Otilia Reyes and Josefa Salgado

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05861 - 16 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1072

Abstract

Ionic liquids are considered as a potential green replacement for traditional volatile organic solvents, but their impact on the environment is not sufficiently studied. The effect of the addition of aqueous solutions of different amounts (from 0% to 75%) of three ionic liquids, [...] Read more.

Ionic liquids are considered as a potential green replacement for traditional volatile organic solvents, but their impact on the environment is not sufficiently studied. The effect of the addition of aqueous solutions of different amounts (from 0% to 75%) of three ionic liquids, two based imidazolium, dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([MMIM][DMP] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF₄]) and choline dihydrogen phosphate ([Chol][DHP]) on the microbial activity of an acidic, organic soil, was determined in this work. For this propose, an isothermal microcalorimeter, TAM III of TA Instruments was used. This apparatus allows estimating the variation of the metabolic activity through the variation of the heat released after the addition of the ionic liquids (ILs) to the soil. The results showed that the most toxic IL is [BMIM][BF₄] which presented a large stress effect and subsequent death on soil microorganisms for the highest concentration of the IL. On the contrary, [Chol][DHP] showed stimulation of the microbial activity for all the concentrations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

3 pages, 320 KiB

Open AccessExtended Abstract

Rearrangement of 3-(4,5-dimethoxy -2-vinylphenyl)-2-methyl -5-nitroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one to 2-(6,7-dimethoxy-1-oxoisoquinolin -2(1H)-yl)-N-methylbenzamide: A Mechanistic Proposal

by Mónica Treus, Cristian O. Salas, Juan C. Estévez, Ricardo A. Tapia and Ramón J. Estévez

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05767 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 803

Abstract

1-Benzylisoquinolines are biogenetic precursors of a wide range of natural products of
pharmacological interest [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

7 pages, 728 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

BODIPY Derivatives: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Optical Properties

by Raquel C. R. Gonçalves, Mariana B. Nogueira, Susana P. G. Costa and M. Manuela M. Raposo

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05700 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1154

Abstract

Three 3-difluoroborodipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives functionalized at the meso and 2 positions were synthesized with 22–59% yield. The compounds were characterized by the usual spectroscopic techniques and a photophysical study was also undertaken. The BODIPY derivatives presented absorption bands in the 494–512 nm range [...] Read more.

Three 3-difluoroborodipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives functionalized at the meso and 2 positions were synthesized with 22–59% yield. The compounds were characterized by the usual spectroscopic techniques and a photophysical study was also undertaken. The BODIPY derivatives presented absorption bands in the 494–512 nm range and were also emissive with fluorescence bands in the 512–514 nm interval. A preliminary study on the sensing ability of a BODIPY derivative functionalized at position 2 with a benzimidazole was carried out in acetonitrile and acetonitrile/water (75:25) solutions in the presence of anions and cations, with environmental, biomedical, and analytical relevance. A highly selective response was obtained for Hg²⁺ and Fe³⁺ in acetonitrile/water solution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 456 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Metallic Ion Sensing with a Benzothiazole-Based Fluorimetric Chemosensor

by Cátia D. F. Martins, M. Manuela M. Raposo and Susana P. G. Costa

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05699 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1064

Abstract

An unnatural amino acid derivative, N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl asparagine benzyl ester bearing a benzothiazole unit at the side chain, was evaluated as a fluorimetric chemosensor for several transition metal cations with environmental, biological and analytic relevance. Spectrofluorimetric titrations of the heterocyclic asparagine derivative with [...] Read more.

An unnatural amino acid derivative, N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl asparagine benzyl ester bearing a benzothiazole unit at the side chain, was evaluated as a fluorimetric chemosensor for several transition metal cations with environmental, biological and analytic relevance. Spectrofluorimetric titrations of the heterocyclic asparagine derivative with the various ions were carried out in acetonitrile and acetonitrile/water (9:1). It was found that the unnatural amino acid had a remarkable fluorimetric response in the presence of Cu²⁺ in acetonitrile and in the presence of Fe³⁺ in acetonitrile/water (9:1). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

7 pages, 768 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Applications of Computational and NMR Methodologies to the Study of Homoallylic Alcohols Diastereomers

by Viviana Dorn, Emilio Lorenzo Martínez and Gabriel Radivoy

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05782 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 940

Abstract

Through reducing the system InCl₃-Li-DTBB(cat.) in THF at room temperature and in the absence of any additives or anti-caking ligand, we have synthesized indium nanoparticles (InNPs) of about 4 nm. The catalyst was employed in the allylation of carbonyl compounds, giving [...] Read more.

Through reducing the system InCl₃-Li-DTBB(cat.) in THF at room temperature and in the absence of any additives or anti-caking ligand, we have synthesized indium nanoparticles (InNPs) of about 4 nm. The catalyst was employed in the allylation of carbonyl compounds, giving excellent yields of the corresponding homoallylic alcohols. We have established that the reaction products come from a γ-coupling via a six members cyclic transition state, type Zimmerman–Traxler. Relative to the selectivity, the allylation with crotyl bromide of ortho substituted benzaldehydes (e.g., o-NO₂, o-OMe, o-Cl, o-CF₃) showed syn selectivity. With the aim to improve the mentioned selectivity, we synthetized o-ⁱPrO-benzaldehyde, and evaluated the reaction with crotyl bromide and InNPs. The homoallylic alcohol 1-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-2-methylbut-3-en-1-ol was obtained almost quantitatively after 1h as a mixture of the syn- and anti- isomers. The relationship observed by ¹H-RMN was 75:25, but we did not know if the syn-isomer was the dominant because the product has not been reported in the scientific literature. Based on this, and in order to determinate which 1H-NMR signals correspond to each isomer, we started computational theoretical and NMR studies. The initial conformational analysis was performed using the semiempirical PM3 method, then we work with the B3LYP functional, applying the 6-31+G* basis set and the solvent effect (chloroform) was evaluated with the PCM model as implemented in Gaussian09. So, we found thirteen low-energy conformations for the syn-diastereomer and six low-energy conformations for the anti-diastereomer. On the other hand, we have carried out NMR experiments such as ¹H, ¹³C, HSQC, to assign the signals of each diastereomer; and experiments such as NOESY, selective NOE, JRes, homo- and hetero-nuclear J-coupled and J-decoupling, to be able to measure coupling constants and establish the structure of each diastereomer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

5 pages, 245 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Expeditious Multicomponent Synthesis of Xanthone Dimers

by Ana Bornadiego, Jesús Díaz and Carlos F. Marcos

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05766 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1078

Abstract

Xanthones are a type of compound widely found in many natural products from plants, fungi, and lichens and are considered privileged structures. Frequently, xanthones occur in nature as dimers, which often exhibit singular and potent biological effects. Although diverse methods for the synthesis [...] Read more.

Xanthones are a type of compound widely found in many natural products from plants, fungi, and lichens and are considered privileged structures. Frequently, xanthones occur in nature as dimers, which often exhibit singular and potent biological effects. Although diverse methods for the synthesis of monomeric xanthones are known, dimeric xanthones remain synthetically challenging targets. Reported syntheses of dimeric xanthones are very scarce, and invariably involve a large number of synthetic steps. We have recently developed a multicomponent synthesis of xanthones starting from 3-carbonylchromones, isocyanides, and dienophiles. Here we report a similar one-pot tandem procedure, involving a [4+1]-[4+2] cycloaddition, that readily affords dimeric xanthones and dihydroxanthones, which are structurally similar to bioactive ergochromes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

10 pages, 358 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A General Stereoselective Approach to 1,2,4-Triazepane-3-thiones/ones via Reduction or Reductive Alkylation of 2,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-3H-1,2,4-triazepine-3-thiones/ones

by Anastasia A. Fesenko and Anatoly D. Shutalev

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05683 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1090

Abstract

A general stereoselective approach to previously unknown 1,2,4-triazepane-3-thiones/ones based on reduction or reductive alkylation of readily available 2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-1,2,4-triazepine- 3-thiones/ones has been developed. The approach involved treatment of tetrahydrotriazepines with sodium cyanoborohydride in MeOH at pH 3 or with sodium borohydride and excess of [...] Read more.

A general stereoselective approach to previously unknown 1,2,4-triazepane-3-thiones/ones based on reduction or reductive alkylation of readily available 2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-1,2,4-triazepine- 3-thiones/ones has been developed. The approach involved treatment of tetrahydrotriazepines with sodium cyanoborohydride in MeOH at pH 3 or with sodium borohydride and excess of carboxylic acid in tetrahydrofuran to give 1-unsubstituted or 1-alkyl-substituted 1,2,4-triazepane-3- thiones/ones, respectively. The latter were also prepared by reaction of 1-unsubstituted 1,2,4- triazepane-3-thiones/ones with sodium cyanoborohydride and aldehyde in MeOH in the presence of AcOH. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 394 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A New Approach to 5-Functionalized 1,2-Dihydropyrimidin-2-ones/imines via Base-Induced Chloroform Elimination from 4-Trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ones/imines

by Pavel A. Solovyev, Anastasia A. Fesenko and Anatoly D. Shutalev

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05678 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1412

Abstract

A novel four-step methodology for the synthesis of 5-acyl- and 5-arylsulfonyl-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-ones has been developed. The reaction of readily available N-[(1-acetoxy-2,2,2-trichloro)ethyl]-ureas with Na-enolates of 1,3-diketones, β-oxoesters, or α-arylsulfonylketones followed by heterocyclization–dehydration of the oxoalkylureas formed gave 5-acyl- or 5-arylsulfonyl-4-trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ones. The latter, in the [...] Read more.

A novel four-step methodology for the synthesis of 5-acyl- and 5-arylsulfonyl-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-ones has been developed. The reaction of readily available N-[(1-acetoxy-2,2,2-trichloro)ethyl]-ureas with Na-enolates of 1,3-diketones, β-oxoesters, or α-arylsulfonylketones followed by heterocyclization–dehydration of the oxoalkylureas formed gave 5-acyl- or 5-arylsulfonyl-4-trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ones. The latter, in the presence of strong bases, eliminates CHCl₃ to give the target compounds. The above methodology was also used in the synthesis of 5-acyl-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-imines starting from N-[(1-acetoxy-2,2,2-trichloro)ethyl]-N′-guanidine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

3 pages, 241 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis of Small Organic Molecule Based on Malononitrile Group toward Green Energy Performance in Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cells

by Ali Maleki and Kobra Valadi

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05653 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1063

Abstract

In this study, a small organic compound containing cyano and N,N-dimethyl aniline as acceptor and donor groups, respectively linked through the conjugate system, were synthesized. Then, its structure was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Next, in order to investigate the photovoltaic properties [...] Read more.

In this study, a small organic compound containing cyano and N,N-dimethyl aniline as acceptor and donor groups, respectively linked through the conjugate system, were synthesized. Then, its structure was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Next, in order to investigate the photovoltaic properties of these organic molecules, it was tested in the fabrication of organic photovoltaic solar cells (OPVSCs). The organic solar cell with FTO/TiO₂/dye molecules/electrolyte/Pt electrode configuration was constructed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Scheme 1

4 pages, 290 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Acid Treatment Halloysite Nanoclay: Eco-Friendly Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives

by Ali Maleki and Zoleikha Hajizadeh

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05654 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1287

Abstract

In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as a green and available nano-mineral were used. The hydroxyl groups of HNTs were increased by acid treatment. So, the efficiency of HNTs was improved. The catalyst application of acid treatment HNTs was investigated in the synthesis [...] Read more.

In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as a green and available nano-mineral were used. The hydroxyl groups of HNTs were increased by acid treatment. So, the efficiency of HNTs was improved. The catalyst application of acid treatment HNTs was investigated in the synthesis of pyrrole as an important heterocycle compound. The catalyst was characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Easy and simple method, high efficiency and eco-friendly are the advantages of this report. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 892 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Insecticidal Activity Evaluation of Phenylazo and Dihydropyrrole-Fused Neonicotinoids Against Cowpea Aphids Using the MLR Approach

by Simona Funar-Timofei and Alina Bora

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05664 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1227

Abstract

This paper presents a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study of a series of 24 dihydropyrrole-fused and phenylazo neonicotinoid derivatives, with insecticidal activity tested against Cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora). In this regard, the conformational search ability of the OMEGA software was employed [...] Read more.

This paper presents a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study of a series of 24 dihydropyrrole-fused and phenylazo neonicotinoid derivatives, with insecticidal activity tested against Cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora). In this regard, the conformational search ability of the OMEGA software was employed to model neonicotinoid conformer ensembles, using molecular mechanics calculations based on the 94s variant of the Merck Molecular force field (MMFF94). The minimum energy conformers were used to calculate structural descriptors, which were further related to the insecticidal activity (pLC₅₀ values), using the multiple linear regression (MLR) approach. The genetic algorithm was used for variable selection and several criteria for internal and external model validation. A robust model (r² = 0.880, r²_adj = 0.855, q²_LOO = 0.827, s = 0.2098, F = 34.295) with predictive power (concordance correlation coefficient (CCC)_ext = 0.945, r²_m= 0.824) was obtained, using the QSARINS software. The developed model can be confidently used for the prediction of the insecticidal activity of new chemicals, saving a substantial amount of time and money. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

7 pages, 748 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

In Silico Ligand-Based Methods Targeting Porcupine Receptor Inhibitors with Potential Anticancer Effect

by Ana Borota and Luminita Crisan

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05674 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 980

Abstract

Porcupine is a protein belonging to the O-acyltransferase family, involved in the catalyzing of palmitoylation of wingless-related integration (WNT) proteins. WNT signaling has significant roles in many physiological functions, e.g., hematopoiesis, homeostasis, neurogenesis, and apoptosis. Anomalous WNT signaling has been observed to be [...] Read more.

Porcupine is a protein belonging to the O-acyltransferase family, involved in the catalyzing of palmitoylation of wingless-related integration (WNT) proteins. WNT signaling has significant roles in many physiological functions, e.g., hematopoiesis, homeostasis, neurogenesis, and apoptosis. Anomalous WNT signaling has been observed to be related to tumor generation, and metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, compounds that inhibit this pathway are of great interest for the development of therapeutic approaches. For a better understanding of the common traits of such compounds, we have undertaken an in silico study in order to develop a valid ligand-based pharmacophore model based on a series of porcupine inhibitors. The best pharmacophore hypothesis found after the 3D QSAR validation process is represented by the following features: one hydrogen bond donor (D), three rings (R) and one hydrophobic centroid (H). The 3D-QSAR model obtained using the DRRRH hypothesis shows statistically significant parameters: correlation coefficients for the training set: R² of 0.90, and a predictive correlation coefficient for the test set, Q² of 0.86. The assessment of the pharmacophore model was also done and provided very reliable metrics values (Receiver Operating Characteristic—ROC of 1; Robust Initial Enhancement—RIE of 17.97). Thereby, we obtained valuable results which can be further used in the virtual screening process for the discovery of new active compounds with potential anticancer activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 549 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Structural Study of Three 1,2,4-triazole Derivatives Prepared by Oxidative Cyclization of Thiosemicarbazides

by Mirian Artime, Alfonso Castiñeiras, Isabel García-Santos and Manuel Saa

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05852 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 921

Abstract

In the present research, 5,5-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (1) was prepared by condensation from N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide, while 4-phenyl-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (2) and 2-((5-(pyridin-2-yl) -4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetic acid (3) was prepared by oxidative cyclization from 2-(amino(pyrazin-2-yl)methylene)-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide and 2-(amino(pyridine-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide, respectively. The three compounds have been well characterized [...] Read more.

In the present research, 5,5-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (1) was prepared by condensation from N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide, while 4-phenyl-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (2) and 2-((5-(pyridin-2-yl) -4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetic acid (3) was prepared by oxidative cyclization from 2-(amino(pyrazin-2-yl)methylene)-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide and 2-(amino(pyridine-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide, respectively. The three compounds have been well characterized and their molecular structures studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The supramolecular assembly of each crystal has also been analyzed and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

6 pages, 334 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Aluminum Triflate—Catalyzed Adamantylation of N-Nucleophiles

by Valery V. Konshin, Vitaly A. Shcherbinin, Ida A. Lupanova and Dzhamilya N. Konshina

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05661 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1000

Abstract

An efficient method is proposed for N-adamantylation of primary carboxamides and sulfonamides, ethyl carbamate, and 4-nitroaniline using the stoichiometric amount of 1-adamantanol in the presence of 5 mol% aluminum triflate in nitromethane. Similarities and differences between adamantylation of some azoles catalyzed by aluminum [...] Read more.

An efficient method is proposed for N-adamantylation of primary carboxamides and sulfonamides, ethyl carbamate, and 4-nitroaniline using the stoichiometric amount of 1-adamantanol in the presence of 5 mol% aluminum triflate in nitromethane. Similarities and differences between adamantylation of some azoles catalyzed by aluminum triflate in nitromethane and the reaction catalyzed by Brønsted acids were revealed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 287 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Validated HPTLC Method for the Determination of Nintedanib in Bulk Drug

by Debanchal Dutta, Soumyajit Das and Manik Ghosh

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05675 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1747

Abstract

A simple, rapid, precise and accurate High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of Nintedanib, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, in bulk drug. Chromatography was carried out using silica gel 60 F [...] Read more.

A simple, rapid, precise and accurate High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of Nintedanib, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, in bulk drug. Chromatography was carried out using silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) plate and mobile phase Chloroform: Methanol in the ratio 7:3 v/v. The densitometric determination was done at 386 nm. Regression analysis data for the calibration plot were indicative of a good linear relationship between response and concentration over the range of 800–3200 ng/band. The variance (r) was found to be 0.999. The Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 83.357 ng/band and 252.599 ng/band respectively. The method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use [ICH Q2(R1)] guideline. The method was precise and accurate with %RSD 0.5323 (intraday) and 0.6939 (interday) respectively and percentage recoveries in the range 99.65–101.43%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 335 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Convenient Synthesis of 2-(1-Adamantyl)furans

by Valery V. Konshin, Vitaly A. Shcherbinin, Ida A. Lupanova and Dzhamilya N. Konshina

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05667 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 967

Abstract

A simple method of obtaining 2-(1-adamantyl)furans using a smaller amount of catalyst, providing a higher yield of the target products, as well as the possibility of varying the substituents in the furan ring was developed. The result wasachieved by the adamantylation of furans [...] Read more.

A simple method of obtaining 2-(1-adamantyl)furans using a smaller amount of catalyst, providing a higher yield of the target products, as well as the possibility of varying the substituents in the furan ring was developed. The result wasachieved by the adamantylation of furans with 1-adamantanol in a nitromethane medium in the presence of a Lewis acid, for which aluminum or bismuth triflate was used in an amount of 10 mol%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 330 KiB

Open AccessExtended Abstract

Synthesis of 4-(1,3,5-Thiadiazinan-2-ylidene)-2-(3,4- dihydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazin-6-yl)pent-2-enedinitriles

by Victor V. Dotsenko, Elena A. Chigorina and Sergey G. Krivokolysko

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05681 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 997

Abstract

The reaction of cyanothioacetamide with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate in the presence of triethylamine in hot EtOH proceeds non-selectively and leads to the formation of a mixture of triethylammonium 1,5-diamino-2,4-dicyano-5-thioxopenta-1,3-diene-1-thiolate (minor) and triethylammonium 3-cyano-5-ethoxycarbonyl-6-oxo-1Н-pyridine-2-thiolate (major). Upon treatment with primary amines and 37% aqueous HCHO in [...] Read more.

The reaction of cyanothioacetamide with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate in the presence of triethylamine in hot EtOH proceeds non-selectively and leads to the formation of a mixture of triethylammonium 1,5-diamino-2,4-dicyano-5-thioxopenta-1,3-diene-1-thiolate (minor) and triethylammonium 3-cyano-5-ethoxycarbonyl-6-oxo-1Н-pyridine-2-thiolate (major). Upon treatment with primary amines and 37% aqueous HCHO in boiling aqueous ethanol, the reaction product affords only 4-(1,3,5-thiadiazinan-2-ylidene)-2-(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazin- 6-yl)pent-2-enedinitrile derivatives, instead of the expected pyrido[2,1-b][1,3,5]thiadiazines. Triethylammonium 3-cyano-5-ethoxycarbonyl-6-oxo-1Н-pyridine-2-thiolate does not react under these conditions. The structure of the resulted products was confirmed by means of NMR, IR spectroscopy, and LCMS. The mechanism of the formation of the products is discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 372 KiB

Open AccessExtended Abstract

The Reaction of 5-Amino-3-(cyanomethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-carbonitrile with beta-Cycloketols

by Victor V. Dotsenko, Aminat M. Semenova, Elena A. Chigorina, Nikolai A. Aksenov and Inna V. Aksenova

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05679 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 984

Abstract

The reaction of 5-amino-3-(cyanomethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile with 3-aryl-2,4-di (ethoxycarbonyl)-5-hydroxy-5-methylcyclohexanones in boiling acetic acid leads to the formation of new 4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines. The mechanism is discussed. The structure of the products was confirmed by means of 1Н и 13С (DEPTQ) NMR, as well as 2D NMR (NOESY, [...] Read more.

The reaction of 5-amino-3-(cyanomethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile with 3-aryl-2,4-di (ethoxycarbonyl)-5-hydroxy-5-methylcyclohexanones in boiling acetic acid leads to the formation of new 4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines. The mechanism is discussed. The structure of the products was confirmed by means of 1Н и 13С (DEPTQ) NMR, as well as 2D NMR (NOESY, 1Н–13С HSQC, HMBC). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

7 pages, 527 KiB

Open AccessExtended Abstract

The First Synthesis of [1,2]oxaphosphinino[6,5-c]pyrazoles by Thiophosphorylation of 6-Aminopyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-Carbonitriles

by Victor V. Dotsenko, Vladimir A. Dushenko, Nikolai A. Aksenov, Inna V. Aksenova and Evgeniy E. Netreba

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05680 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 873

Abstract

The reaction of 6-amino-3-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitriles with phosphorus sulfide in boiling pyridine leads to the formation of the unexpected [1,2]oxaphosphinino[6,5-c]pyrazoles. The structure of the products was confirmed with 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 339 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Comparison of Complex Formation Mechanisms in Hydrogen Abstraction Reaction between the Nitro Compound and Ammonia

by Dmitry Ovsyannikov and Vadim Lashchenov

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05771 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1059

Abstract

The present work aims to compare two possible pathways of a pre-reaction complex in the reaction of transfer of a hydrogen atom from ammonia to a nitro compound forming. Nitrobenzene, nitromethane, and HNO₂ were used as nitro compounds. The proposed paths are: [...] Read more.

The present work aims to compare two possible pathways of a pre-reaction complex in the reaction of transfer of a hydrogen atom from ammonia to a nitro compound forming. Nitrobenzene, nitromethane, and HNO₂ were used as nitro compounds. The proposed paths are: nitro compound intersystem crossing with a subsequent search for a substrate, or the formation of a complex with its subsequent excitation. The calculations were performed using TDPBE0/TDA/aug-cc-pVDZ method in NWChem-6.8 program. For verification purposes, some additional calculations were performed using RASCI/aug-cc-pVDZ method in PSI4 program. The location of the levels and the geometry of the complexes shows that the triplet complex (exciplex) is more stable than the singlet complex. The weak coupling between molecules in the singlet complex indicates that the probability of its excitation is very small. Moreover, there are experimental data, where the quantum yields of such reactions reach 0.3. The presented calculations confirm the mechanism of the nitro compound intersystem crossing with a subsequent search for a substrate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

8 pages, 569 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Our Experience of Using Thermally Recycled Silica Gel in a Teaching and Small Research Laboratory Setting

by Fatima Sbait Wahshi, Maitha Dhaiman Alqahtani, Manhal Abdulla, Abdullah Al-Hemyari, Muna Bufaroosha, Tholkappiyan Ramachandran, Fathalla Hamed and Thies Thiemann

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05696 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1595

Abstract

Organic synthetic research laboratories generate a large amount of waste. Some of the waste is the silica gel used as the stationary phase in column chromatographic separations. Here, the authors discuss the possibility of recycling silica gel wastes thermally at 600 °C, at [...] Read more.

Organic synthetic research laboratories generate a large amount of waste. Some of the waste is the silica gel used as the stationary phase in column chromatographic separations. Here, the authors discuss the possibility of recycling silica gel wastes thermally at 600 °C, at which temperature the remnant adsorbed organic material combusts. It could be shown that the recycled silica gel maintains its adsorption characteristics. The process could be repeated 10 times with any discernable deterioration of the separation properties of the silica gel for the product mixture of the reactions used in this research. In those cases where triphenyl oxide remained on the silica gel after the separation of the reaction mixture, such as after Wittig olefination and Appel-type reactions, an increase of phosphorus content was noted in the silica gel after thermal treatment. The original and recycled silica gel was partly analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The process significantly reduced waste production in our laboratory and also led to a reduction in costs associated with acquiring new silica gel and with the management and the disposal of spent silica gel. A simple environmental impact assessment has been carried out. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Scheme 1

5 pages, 548 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Thermophysical Characterization of Two DyethylMethylAmmonium Ionic Liquids

by Juan José Parajó, María Villanueva, Lois Fernández-Míguez, Félix Sotuela, Míriam Lemos Doural, Luis Miguel Varela and Josefa Salgado

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05792 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 922

Abstract

Density (ρ), speed of sound (U), and the derived magnitudes of two diethylmethylammoniumionic liquids (ILs) against temperature have been studied in this work. The chosen ILs were diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate [C₂C₂C₁N][OTf] and diethylmethylammonium methanesulfonate [C₂C₂ [...] Read more.

Density (ρ), speed of sound (U), and the derived magnitudes of two diethylmethylammoniumionic liquids (ILs) against temperature have been studied in this work. The chosen ILs were diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate [C₂C₂C₁N][OTf] and diethylmethylammonium methanesulfonate [C₂C₂C₁N][MeSO₃]. In order to analyze the influence of water content, saturated and dried samples of these ILs were studied. The ILs were dried using a vacuum pump, and the saturation level (28% and 6% in weight for [C₂C₂C₁N][MeSO₃] and [C₂C₂C₁N][OTf], respectively) was achieved by keeping the ILs in an open bottle at ambient temperature. Direct measurements of density and speed of sound were taken with an Anton Paar DSA 5000. Linear equations were used to express the correlation of both properties with temperature, and the thermal expansion coefficient, α_p, and the adiabatic bulk modulus constant, K_S, have been also obtained. Additionally, results were compared with previous literature data in order to have a deeper understanding of the liquid properties and detect possible anomalous behaviors. The effect of water content is different on both properties. Thus, the density of the samples slightly increases when water is removed, whereas the opposite behavior was found with regard to the speed of sound, which decreased when the water content was completely removed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

7 pages, 539 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design and Synthesis of Novel Chalcone-Phenylpyranone Derivatives as Estrogen Receptor Modulators

by Pritam N. Dube, Yogita B. Thombare and Vivekanand A. Chatpalliwar

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05874 - 23 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1095

Abstract

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a class of drugs that act on the estrogen receptor (ER). SERMs are used for treatment and reduction of risk of breast cancer. Herewith we had designed, synthesized, and evaluated chalcone-phenylpyran-2-one derivatives bearing a N,N [...] Read more.

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a class of drugs that act on the estrogen receptor (ER). SERMs are used for treatment and reduction of risk of breast cancer. Herewith we had designed, synthesized, and evaluated chalcone-phenylpyran-2-one derivatives bearing a N,N-dimethyl ethylamine side chain for their anti-breast cancer activity on MCF-7 and Zr-75-1 cell lines in-vitro. The pharmacological data indicated that most of tested compounds showed moderate to significant cytotoxicity and high selectivity toward the estrogen receptor. The Structure activity relationaship analyses indicated that compounds 5f with 2,6-dichloro substitution was more effective. Docking study was performed to predict binding orientation towards the estrogen receptor-α. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

4 pages, 275 KiB

Open AccessExtended Abstract

Synthesis of 7-thia-1,4,6,8-tetraazabenzo[de]anthracenes

by Victor V. Dotsenko, Elena A. Chigorina and Sergey G. Krivokolysko

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05682 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 840

Abstract

New polyheterocyclic ensembles of 8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7-thia-1,4,6,8-tetraazabenzo[de]anthracenes were prepared by reaction of easily available 5Н-pyrido[2’,3’:2,3]thiopyrano[4,5-b]pyridines with Ас₂О or acyl chlorides. The starting 5Н-pyrido[2’,3’:2,3]thiopyrano[4,5-b]pyridines were prepared by reaction of N-methylmorpholinium 4-aryl-3-cyano-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-2-thiolates with malononitrile dimer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Scheme 1

7 pages, 393 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis of New bis 1- and 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles via Huisgen-Type 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions

by Roberto E. Blanco-Carapia, Julio C. Flores-Reyes, Yizrell Medina-Martínez, Perla Islas-Jácome, Diego Pérez-Martínez, Leticia Lomas-Romero, Ilich A. Ibarra, Alejandro Islas-Jácome and Eduardo González-Zamora

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05780 - 1 Apr 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1545

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of one symmetrical bis-1-substituted-1H-tetrazole (69%) via a Huisgen-type 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, as well as, one symmetrical aza-linked bis-5-substituted-1H-tetrazole (57%) via a classic Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition followed by a reductive aza-coupling under greener [...] Read more.

The synthesis and characterization of one symmetrical bis-1-substituted-1H-tetrazole (69%) via a Huisgen-type 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, as well as, one symmetrical aza-linked bis-5-substituted-1H-tetrazole (57%) via a classic Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition followed by a reductive aza-coupling under greener reaction conditions are described. The main reason behind these tetrazole-based ligands is to construct novel Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) architectures to evaluate their CO₂ capture properties under relative humidity conditions. It is worthy to note that both herein reported products have not been synthesized nor isolated, anywhere. Besides, the synthesis of new ligands to fabricate novel MOFs with potential application in environmental remediation has become a highly valued field of opportunity for synthetic chemists and materials engineers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

5 pages, 411 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Electrochemical Reduction of Oxygen Using a Metal–Organic Complex of Cu²⁺

by Carla M. Ormachea, José L. Fernández, Pedro M. E. Mancini and María N. Kneeteman

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05785 - 1 Apr 2019

Viewed by 1386

Abstract

A biphenyl-based copper complex was evaluated as electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (orr), for a possible application as cathode material in fuel cells. To carry out this evaluation, the complex was supported on Vulcan carbon and deposited as a film [...] Read more.

A biphenyl-based copper complex was evaluated as electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (orr), for a possible application as cathode material in fuel cells. To carry out this evaluation, the complex was supported on Vulcan carbon and deposited as a film on a glassy carbon rotating disk electrode by drop-casting a 1-μL drop of a suspension of carbon in a solution of the complex in dimethyl sulfoxide containing Nafion as ionic conductive binder, and drying under vacuum. The cyclic voltammogram in 0.1 M NaOH solution showed voltammetric peaks between 0.8 and 1.0 V vs. reference hydrogen electrode, which suggest the existence of electron transfer processes from/toward the ligand. The orr was tested in oxygen-saturated (1 atm) solution by linear sweep voltammetry, which showed significant orr current at relatively low overpotential (around −0.4 V), demonstrating the ability of the complex to electrocatalyze the orr efficiently. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

7 pages, 428 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Efficient Synthesis of New α-β-Unsaturated Alkyl-Ester Peptide-Linked Chiral Amines

by Oscar Villanueva-Kasis, Denisse A. de Loera, Sandra L. Castañón-Alonso, Armando Domínguez-Ortiz, Leticia Lomas-Romero, Ilich A. Ibarra, Eduardo González-Zamora and Alejandro Islas-Jácome

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05769 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1108

Abstract

Four new α-β-unsaturated alkyl-ester chiral amines were synthesized in excellent yields (77–95%) via peptide couplings from their corresponding α-β-unsaturated alkyl-ester anilines and N-Boc protected chiral aminoacids. To our delight, these polyfunctionalized compounds are being used as starting reagents in Ugi-type three-component reactions [...] Read more.

Four new α-β-unsaturated alkyl-ester chiral amines were synthesized in excellent yields (77–95%) via peptide couplings from their corresponding α-β-unsaturated alkyl-ester anilines and N-Boc protected chiral aminoacids. To our delight, these polyfunctionalized compounds are being used as starting reagents in Ugi-type three-component reactions (Ugi-3CR) together with alkyl- and aryl-aldehydes and a chain-ring tautomerizable amino acid-containing isocyanide to synthesize novel oxazole-based macrocycle precursors. Thus, the aim of this communication is to show our most recent results of the synthesis and use of new and complex chiral amines to assemble macrocyclic polypeptides with potential application in medicinal chemistry, such as the post-surgical antibiotic Vancomycin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

6 pages, 342 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis of a Novel Series of Phosphonate-Functionalized 1,2,3-Triazoles as Potential Candidates for Allosteric Modulation of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

by Santiago A. Stabile and Cristian Vitale

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05689 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1072

Abstract

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ligand-gated ion channels formed by the assembly of five subunits. Receptor activity could be subjected to both positive and negative modulation at allosteric sites by endogenous neurotransmitters as well as synthetic ligands such as steroids, bivalent cations, alcohols, [...] Read more.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ligand-gated ion channels formed by the assembly of five subunits. Receptor activity could be subjected to both positive and negative modulation at allosteric sites by endogenous neurotransmitters as well as synthetic ligands such as steroids, bivalent cations, alcohols, and a range of drugs. The subtype of α7 nAChR has been considered a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia and other neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this work we present the synthesis of a novel series of phosphonate-functionalized 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles with potential activity over α7 AChR. These compounds were synthetized through the copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of organic azides and alkynes. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) immobilized on different supports were prepared using the CuCl₂-Li-DTBB reducing system previously reported by our group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 320 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Functionalized BODIPY Derivatives as Potential Fluorescent Labels

by Raquel C. R. Gonçalves, Mariana B. Nogueira, Susana P. G. Costa and M. Manuela M. Raposo

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05701 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1148

Abstract

4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) derivatives 1 and 2 were obtained with 16% and 33% yield by a two-step reaction: condensation of a pyrrole with the corresponding aldehyde followed by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) in the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF₃ [...] Read more.

4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) derivatives 1 and 2 were obtained with 16% and 33% yield by a two-step reaction: condensation of a pyrrole with the corresponding aldehyde followed by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) in the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF₃OEt₂). The two compounds were characterized by the usual spectroscopic techniques and a detailed photophysical study was undertaken. The compounds exhibited intense absorption bands at 502 nm and 497 nm, respectively. Emission studies of the compounds 1 and 2 showed emission bands with maximum wavelength at 518 nm and 519 nm, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Scheme 1

6 pages, 392 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis and Characterization of Various Amino Acid Derived Thiohydantoins

by Petar Stanić, Marija Živković and Biljana Šmit

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05690 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1112

Abstract

Hydantoins and their sulfur containing analogues, thiohydantoins, are cyclic ureides that have attracted huge attention ever since their discovery. Most of them are biologically active compounds and several points of structural diversity have made them very synthetically attractive. Although substituents can be introduced [...] Read more.

Hydantoins and their sulfur containing analogues, thiohydantoins, are cyclic ureides that have attracted huge attention ever since their discovery. Most of them are biologically active compounds and several points of structural diversity have made them very synthetically attractive. Although substituents can be introduced to the hydantoin nucleus, most substituted hydantoins are synthesized from substrates already containing these groups, while forming the hydantoin nucleus. This is a common route to the synthesis of hydantoins and one of them is employed in this study. A series of 3-allyl-2-thiohydantoins is synthesized from various α-amino acids in a reaction with allyl isothiocyanate. The substitution of the acquired thiohydantoin depends on the structure of the starting α-amino acid. The residual group of the α-amino acid becomes the substituent at the C5-position, while N-monosubstituted amino acids give rise to a substituent in the N1-position. The reaction is carried out in a two-step process and the reaction conditions generally depend on the nature of the amino acid itself. All thiohydantoins are obtained in a good yield and fully characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, as well as X-ray crystallography. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 234 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Unexpected Migration of Benzoyl Group in the Synthesis of 3-Benzoyl-2-Phenylbenzofurans under Wittig Conditions

by Giovanna Lucia Delogu and Michela Begala

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05656 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1569

Abstract

In the present work, we report the unexpected formation of isomeric 3-benzoyl-2-phenylbenzo[b]furans using triphenylphosphonium salt and benzoyl chlorides under Wittig conditions. In particular, we found that the o-[(benzoyloxy)benzyl]-triphenyl-phosphoranes constitute the key intermediate that reasonably undergoes benzoyl group migration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Scheme 1

5 pages, 335 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Byphenyl Hydrazone@SiO₂ Composite: Synthesis and Evaluation of a New Chemosensor System for the Detection of Cu²⁺

by Vanina A. Guntero, Carla M. Ormachea, Pedro M. E. Mancini, Cristián A. Ferretti and María N. Kneeteman

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05672 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 998

Abstract

In the present work a byphenyl hydrazone/SiO₂ composite was synthetized by a simple procedure. First, the mesoporous SiO₂ and the byphenyl hydrazone ligand were prepared. To prepare the composite, the mesoporous silica and the ligand were dispersed in ethanol/water by a [...] Read more.

In the present work a byphenyl hydrazone/SiO₂ composite was synthetized by a simple procedure. First, the mesoporous SiO₂ and the byphenyl hydrazone ligand were prepared. To prepare the composite, the mesoporous silica and the ligand were dispersed in ethanol/water by a microwave assisted process. Then, the composite was characterized by different techniques to evaluate its chemosensor properties. The physicochemical characterization of the composite confirmed the selectivity and sensitive capacity to detect Cu⁺² ions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 313 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sustainable Carbon-Based Materials as Heterogeneous Catalysts in Solvent-Free Acetylation Reactions

by Ignacio M. López-Coca, Silvia Izquierdo, Guadalupe Silvero and Carlos J. Durán-Valle

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05685 - 18 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1172

Abstract

The catalytic activity of six different carbons was tested in the solvent-free acetylation reaction of alcohols, phenols, and monosaccharides with acetic anhydride. Three commercial carbons—a basic activated carbon M (Merck KGaA), a moderately basic carbon gel X (Xerolutions S.L.), and an activated carbon [...] Read more.

The catalytic activity of six different carbons was tested in the solvent-free acetylation reaction of alcohols, phenols, and monosaccharides with acetic anhydride. Three commercial carbons—a basic activated carbon M (Merck KGaA), a moderately basic carbon gel X (Xerolutions S.L.), and an activated carbon N (Norit Netherland B.V.)—were studied. From these commercial carbons, three acidic activated carbons—M-S, X-S, and N-S—were obtained by treatment with sulfuric acid. All six carbons were characterized by means of nitrogen adsorption capacity, porosimetry, elemental organic analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and point of zero charge (PZC) determination. The experiments carried out showed good catalytic activity, the magnitude of which depended on the type of carbon used. The best catalyst was X-S, which combined high acidity with the largest mesoporous volume. Second in line was the commercial carbon M, which was the most basic. The protocol reported herein encompasses several of the characteristics related to the sustainability of chemical processes, such as the innocuous nature and the affordable cost of the catalytic material, the absence of reaction solvent, and the ease of reaction work-up. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 671 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Solvent-Free Synthesis of Imidazo [1,2-a] pyridin-tetrazolo [1,5-a] Quinolines via an IMCR One-Pot Process

by Sandra C. Ramírez-López, M. V. Basavanag Unnamatla and Rocío Gámez-Montaño

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05796 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1227

Abstract

A solvent-free and catalyst-free synthesis of fused bis-heterocycles containing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline frameworks is reported via a one-pot process. This Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reaction (GBBR)/S_NAr/ring-chain azido tautomerization cascade proceeds under eco-friendly conditions. The tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffolds [...] Read more.

A solvent-free and catalyst-free synthesis of fused bis-heterocycles containing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline frameworks is reported via a one-pot process. This Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reaction (GBBR)/S_NAr/ring-chain azido tautomerization cascade proceeds under eco-friendly conditions. The tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffolds are present in various compounds with interesting pharmacological properties and could lead to the discovery of novel bioactive molecules. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

7 pages, 852 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A One-Pot Process for the Synthesis of Alkyne-3-tretrazolyl-tetrazolo [1,5-a] Quinolines

by Sandra C. Ramírez-López, M.V. Basavanag Unnamatla and Rocío Gámez-Montaño

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05798 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 938

Abstract

An efficient synthesis of alkyne-3-tetrazolyl-tetrazolo[1,5-a] quinolones via a one-pot isocyanide-based multicomponent reaction (IMCR) process: I-MCR Ugi-azide/S_NAr/ring-chain azido tautomerization was performed under eco-friendly conditions. We report the one-pot synthesis of tris-heterocycles containing a tetrazolo[1,5-a] quinoline connected to a [...] Read more.

An efficient synthesis of alkyne-3-tetrazolyl-tetrazolo[1,5-a] quinolones via a one-pot isocyanide-based multicomponent reaction (IMCR) process: I-MCR Ugi-azide/S_NAr/ring-chain azido tautomerization was performed under eco-friendly conditions. We report the one-pot synthesis of tris-heterocycles containing a tetrazolo[1,5-a] quinoline connected to a 1,5-disubstituted-tetrazole (1,5-DS-T). The synthesis of these compounds is of great interest in synthetic and medicinal chemistry because these heterocycles are considered privileged scaffolds and their preparation and evaluation may lead to the discovery of novel bioactive molecules. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

9 pages, 411 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Preparation and Hydro-Lipophilic Properties of Methoxylated and Methylated 1-Hydroxynaphthalene-2-Carboxanilides

by Iva Kapustikova, Tomas Gonec, Jiri Kos, Ewelina Spaczynska, Michal Oravec, Jana Dohanosova, Tibor Liptaj, Robert Musiol and Josef Jampilek

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05660 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1175

Abstract

A series of variously methoxylated and methylated N-aryl-1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides was prepared and characterized as potential anti-invasive agents. As it is known that lipophilicity significantly influences the biological activity of compounds, the hydro-lipophilic properties of these mono-, di- and tri-substituted 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides are investigated in the [...] Read more.

A series of variously methoxylated and methylated N-aryl-1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides was prepared and characterized as potential anti-invasive agents. As it is known that lipophilicity significantly influences the biological activity of compounds, the hydro-lipophilic properties of these mono-, di- and tri-substituted 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides are investigated in the study. All the discussed hydroxynaphthalene derivatives were analyzed using the reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography method, to measure lipophilicity. The procedure was performed under isocratic conditions with methanol as an organic modifier in the mobile phase, using an end-capped, non-polar C₁₈ stationary reversed-phase column. The present study discusses the correlations between the logarithm of the capacity factor k and log P/Clog P values, calculated in various ways, as well as the relationships between the lipophilicity and the chemical structure of the studied compounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

3 pages, 345 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Tetraalkynylstannanes in Synthesis of α,β-Acetylenic Ketones

by Andrey. S. Levashov and Dmitrii. S. Buryi

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05691 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 944

Abstract

Akynyl ketones were synthesized from tetraalkinylstannanes and both aliphatic and aromatic acyl chlorides under Lewis acid catalysis. The structure of products was confirmed by means of NMR, IR, GC-MS. The method is suitable for the synthesis of long-chain acetylenic ketones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Scheme 1

4 pages, 645 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Theoretical Study of a New Diarylic Ligand for M²⁺ Cations Detection

by Carla M. Ormachea, Cristián A. Ferretti, Pablo Noriega, Leandro Gutierrez, Pedro M. E. Mancini and María N. Kneeteman

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05671 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 945

Abstract

A novel byphenyl hydrazone ligand developed as a chemosensor for the detection of Cu²⁺ was studied using a theoretical analysis based on the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). The geometries of the ligand (L) and the Cu²⁺-ligand [...] Read more.

A novel byphenyl hydrazone ligand developed as a chemosensor for the detection of Cu²⁺ was studied using a theoretical analysis based on the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). The geometries of the ligand (L) and the Cu²⁺-ligand complex were optimized at the CAM-B3LYP/631+G(d,p) level of theory in dimethyl sulfoxide, using the conductor-like polarizable continuum model. The adsorption spectra of these molecular systems were analyzed and compared with the experimental data. Theoretical study of the structural, electronics and optical properties allowed us to understand the chemical changes that the ligand undergoes in the complexation process with the Cu⁺² ion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 266 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ultrasound Assisted Green One Pot Synthesis of Bound Type bis-Heterocyclic furan-2-yl imidazo [1,2-a] Pyridines via GBBR

by Mahanandaiah Kurva and Rocío Gámez-Montaño

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05799 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1154

Abstract

A series of six new 3-imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine furan bound type tris-heterocycles were synthesized by Ultrasound Irradiation (USI) assisted Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction (GBBR), by employing ammonium chloride (10 mol%) as a catalyst in excellent yields (80–93%) under green conditions. This efficient and [...] Read more.

A series of six new 3-imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine furan bound type tris-heterocycles were synthesized by Ultrasound Irradiation (USI) assisted Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction (GBBR), by employing ammonium chloride (10 mol%) as a catalyst in excellent yields (80–93%) under green conditions. This efficient and mild protocol has silent features such as green inexpensive and easily available catalyst and solvent at room temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

4 pages, 256 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development of Novel API-ILs for the Optimization of Anti-Alzheimer Drugs

by Belén Tornero, Verónica Fernández-Stefanuto, Emilia Tojo, Pedro Besada and Carmen Terán

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05669 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1145

Abstract

The current treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is mainly focused on enhancing the cholinergic neurotransmission by means of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). Therefore, there is a growing interest in the development of novel AChEIs. New drugs should not only be able to inhibit the [...] Read more.

The current treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is mainly focused on enhancing the cholinergic neurotransmission by means of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). Therefore, there is a growing interest in the development of novel AChEIs. New drugs should not only be able to inhibit the enzyme but also to show optimal parameters of solubility and permeability, since they affect drug bioavailability. Considering the potential advantages of transforming active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into ionic liquids (ILs), five API-ILs derived from two AChEIs, tacrine and a donepezil analogue, were synthesized. The water solubility of these novel API-ILs was analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 233 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

New Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient-Ionic Liquids (API-ILs) Derived from Indomethacin and Mebendazole

by Verónica Fernandez-Stefanuto and Emilia Tojo

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05781 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1891

Abstract

The transformation of two solid Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) into new ionic liquids (IL)s that incorporate APIs (API-ILs) is reported. The structures of the APIs (indomethacin and mebendazole) were selected by their susceptibility to being transformed into API-ILs (either to form the cation [...] Read more.

The transformation of two solid Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) into new ionic liquids (IL)s that incorporate APIs (API-ILs) is reported. The structures of the APIs (indomethacin and mebendazole) were selected by their susceptibility to being transformed into API-ILs (either to form the cation or the anion) and their limited bioavailability due to their low solubility in water. The counterions, such as those derived from 2-dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA), tetramethylguanidine (TMG), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] (TED), <i>p</i>-toluensulfonic acid, glycolic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and saccharin, were carefully chosen, aiming for high biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high water solubility. The synthesis was carried out by direct treatment of the API with the corresponding selected acid or base. Finally, the solubility in water of all the synthesized salts was determined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

4 pages, 237 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

g-C₃N₄/Ni Nanocomposite: An Efficient and Eco-Friendly Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Quinoxalines

by Afsaneh Rashidizadeh and Hossein Ghafuri

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05651 - 24 Apr 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1476

Abstract

Presently, with increasing environmental concerns, the development of sustainable and friendly heterogeneous catalysts has attracted more and more attention, in both the scientific and industrial communities. Hence, the use of nanocatalysts with well-defined structures, that are environmentally benign, with high catalytic activity, and [...] Read more.

Presently, with increasing environmental concerns, the development of sustainable and friendly heterogeneous catalysts has attracted more and more attention, in both the scientific and industrial communities. Hence, the use of nanocatalysts with well-defined structures, that are environmentally benign, with high catalytic activity, and high chemical stability are desirable, instead of corrosive and hazardous chemicals. In recent years, polymeric mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has turned out to be a fascinating choice for catalyst or catalyst support due to its special physical and chemical properties, thermal stability, non-toxicity, unique electronic properties, and large surface area. The incorporation of nitrogen atoms in the carbon architecture of the g-C₃N₄ gives rise to the active chemical sites exposed on the surface. On the other hand, depositing metal nanoparticles onto g-C₃N₄ is an effective strategy to enhance the catalytic activity of g-C₃N₄. In the present study, g-C₃N₄/Ni as a recyclable and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst, with a good porous structure, has been prepared and its catalytic activity was investigated for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Scheme 1

5 pages, 287 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effect of Acceptor and Donor Substituents in the ortho, meta, and para Positions in the Nitrobenzene Molecule on the Reaction of Interaction with Ethylene

by Yuri V. Minasyan, Anastasia I. Degtyarenko, Karina D. Кosmacheva, Sergei D. Plekhovich and Sergei V. Zelentsov

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05770 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 975

Abstract

The uB3LYP/6-311g++(d,p) method in the gas phase was used to simulate the reaction of ethylene with ortho, meta, para methylnitrobenzene, chloronitrobenzene, (CCl₃)PhNO₂, (CF₃)PhNO₂ in the T₁ state, as well as determining the influence of the [...] Read more.

The uB3LYP/6-311g++(d,p) method in the gas phase was used to simulate the reaction of ethylene with ortho, meta, para methylnitrobenzene, chloronitrobenzene, (CCl₃)PhNO₂, (CF₃)PhNO₂ in the T₁ state, as well as determining the influence of the position of donor and acceptor substituents in the benzene ring on the activation energy of the reaction under study. It is established that during the reaction ethylene oxide and nitroso compound are formed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

6 pages, 378 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

ZrO₂/g-C₃N₄ Hybrid Nanocomposite: An Efficient and Eco-Friendly Recyclable Catalyst for the Trimethylsilyl Protection of Hydroxyl Groups and Synthesis of α-Aminophosphonates

by Hossein Ghafuri, Ghazaleh Jafari, Nahal Goodarzi and Afsaneh Rashidizadeh

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05652 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1194

Abstract

Recently, considerable attention has been devoted to heterogeneous catalysts. Generally, heterogeneous catalysts offer several advantages, such as mild reaction conditions, high throughput, and ease of work-up procedures. Among the heterogeneous catalysts investigated, polymeric mesoporous graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C₃N₄) have [...] Read more.

Recently, considerable attention has been devoted to heterogeneous catalysts. Generally, heterogeneous catalysts offer several advantages, such as mild reaction conditions, high throughput, and ease of work-up procedures. Among the heterogeneous catalysts investigated, polymeric mesoporous graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C₃N₄) have attracted much attention recently due to strong van der Waals interactions between the layers. g-C₃N₄ is chemically stable against acidic, basic, and organic solvents, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) also reveals that g-C₃N₄ is thermally stable even in air up to 600 °C, which can be attributed to its aromatic C-N heterocycles. More importantly, g-C₃N₄ is only composed of two earth-abundant elements: carbon and nitrogen. This not only suggests that it can be easily prepared at low cost, but also that its properties can be tuned by simple strategies without significant alteration of the overall composition. The last approach is considered to be the most efficient way to design high-performance heterogeneous catalysts utilizing g-C₃N₄ as a catalyst support. An interesting phenomenon is that the modification is mainly focused on metal oxides. Zirconia (ZrO₂) is a physically rigid material with chemical inertness. It has high resistance against attacks by acids, alkalis, oxidants, and reductants. In this study, a ZrO₂/g-C₃N₄ hybrid nanocomposite was shown to be an excellent catalyst for the conversion of alcohols and phenols into their corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) under solvent-free conditions and for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates. In addition, ZrO₂/g-C₃N₄ could easily be recycled after separation from the reaction mixture without considerable loss in catalytic activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 587 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Application of BiVO₄ Nanocomposite for Photodegradation of Methyl Orange

by Sarah Aghakhaninejad, Rahmatollah Rahimi and Solmaz Zargari

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05666 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1535

Abstract

In this work, BiVO₄–graphene photocatalyst was prepared by a facile one-step hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activity of this compound was investigated by destruction of methyl [...] Read more.

In this work, BiVO₄–graphene photocatalyst was prepared by a facile one-step hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activity of this compound was investigated by destruction of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. The photodegradation results show that the prepared BVG compound has higher photocatalytic activity than the pure BiVO₄ compound. This compound can degrade 98% of MO under visible light irradiation. This work indicates that BiVO₄ compounds are excellent compounds for pollutant degradation under visible light irradiation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 1145 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via Multicomponent GBBR Using α-isocyanoacetamides

by Manuel A. Rentería Gómez, Alejandro Islas-Jácome and Rocío Gámez-Montaño

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05692 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1346

Abstract

Six novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were synthesized by Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reactions (GBBRs) under eco-friendly conditions (10 mol% ammonium chloride catalyst in EtOH at room temperature) with moderate to good yields (76–44%) using 2-isocyano-1-morpholino-3-phenylpropan-1-one. This is the first successful use of this type of α-isocyanoacetamide [...] Read more.

Six novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were synthesized by Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reactions (GBBRs) under eco-friendly conditions (10 mol% ammonium chloride catalyst in EtOH at room temperature) with moderate to good yields (76–44%) using 2-isocyano-1-morpholino-3-phenylpropan-1-one. This is the first successful use of this type of α-isocyanoacetamide in a GBBR, as these reactive isonitriles readily undergo ring-chain tautomerization, as reported in other IMCRs (isonitrile-based multicomponent reactions). The product structures contain a peptidomimetic imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffold linked to an α-aminomorpholide and are of interest to medicinal chemists. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 335 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Halogenated 2,1,3-benzoxadiazoles as Potential Fluorescent Warheads for Covalent Protease Inhibitors

by Anastasiya Kuznetsova, Philipp Klein and Till Opatz

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05670 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1454

Abstract

Recently there has been a growing interest in covalent protease inhibitors in both industry and academia, caused by their longer residence times, their higher potency and their high ligand efficiency. Covalently reactive moieties which interact with activated amino acid residues such as serine [...] Read more.

Recently there has been a growing interest in covalent protease inhibitors in both industry and academia, caused by their longer residence times, their higher potency and their high ligand efficiency. Covalently reactive moieties which interact with activated amino acid residues such as serine or cysteine in enzymes like proteases or esterases mostly act through nucleophilic addition, substitution or ring opening. In contrast, nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) is rarely employed. In our previous work, we prepared and investigated electrophilic “warheads”, which contain aromatic, heteroaromatic or quinoid fragments. Some of them show potent inhibition constants for cathepsin L, cathepsin B, rhodesain or dengue-protease, and depending on the exact nature of the electrophile they exhibit reversible covalent or irreversible inhibition modes. In the present work, we demonstrate the synthesis of fluorescent “warhead” candidates based on 2,1,3-benzoxadiazoles and the investigation of their physicochemical and photophysical properties. These molecules shall serve as probes for the detailed analysis of association/dissociation mechanism and of the kinetic parameters of the bond forming event. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

4 pages, 271 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Stereoselective Hydrostannation of Diacrylate and Dimethacrylate Esters of Galactaric Acid Derivatives: Cyclohydrostannation vs. Diaddition

by V. Fabricio Terraza, Darío C. Gerbino and Julio C. Podestá

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05688 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 925

Abstract

This paper reports a study on the free radical hydrostannation of ((4S,4′R,5R,5′S)-2,2,2′,2′-tetramethyl-[4,4′-bi(1,3-dioxolane)]-5,5′-diyl)bis(diphenyl methylene) diacrylate (1) and dimethacrylate (2) with triorganotin hydrides, R₃SnH (R = Me, n-Bu, Ph). Preliminary [...] Read more.

This paper reports a study on the free radical hydrostannation of ((4S,4′R,5R,5′S)-2,2,2′,2′-tetramethyl-[4,4′-bi(1,3-dioxolane)]-5,5′-diyl)bis(diphenyl methylene) diacrylate (1) and dimethacrylate (2) with triorganotin hydrides, R₃SnH (R = Me, n-Bu, Ph). Preliminary investigations show that these reactions could lead to mixtures of products of cyclohydrostannation and/or mono- or diaddition according to the organotin hydrides employed and the reaction conditions used. The addition of Me₃SnH to 1 afforded a mixture of three organotin compounds from which the pure new 13-membered macrodiolide 3 (48%) was obtained. The other two organotins could not be separated. The addition of n-Bu₃SnH to diester 1 led to a mixture of two organotins, the one in major proportion (91%) being the product of diaddition 7. The minor product 6a (9%) could not be isolated pure. The hydrostannation of 1 with Ph₃SnH led to one organotin: The product of diaddition 8. The hydrostannation of the dimethacrylate 2 with the organotin hydrides R₃SnH (R = Me, n-Bu, Ph) under the same reaction conditions, led in the three cases to mixtures containing mainly diaddition products, and no cyclization products were detected. Some physical characteristics of the new compounds including selected values of ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹¹⁹Sn NMRs are included. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Scheme 1

4 pages, 293 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ecotoxicity of EAN and Doped EAN Ionic Liquids

by Juan José Parajó, María Villanueva, Luis Miguel Varela and Josefa Salgado

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05793 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 850

Abstract

The ecotoxicity of a nitrate-based ionic liquid (IL) and saturated mixtures with four nitrate salts towards the bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri, were tested in this work, using the Microtox^® standard toxicity test. The selected IL was Ethylammonium Nitrate (EAN) and the [...] Read more.

The ecotoxicity of a nitrate-based ionic liquid (IL) and saturated mixtures with four nitrate salts towards the bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri, were tested in this work, using the Microtox^® standard toxicity test. The selected IL was Ethylammonium Nitrate (EAN) and the nitrate salts were Lithium Nitrate (LiNO₃), Calcium Nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂), Magnesium Nitrate (Mg(NO₃)₂), and Aluminum Nitrate (Al(NO₃)₃). The effective concentration (EC₅₀) of these mixtures was determined over three standard periods of time, namely 5, 15, and 30 min. Results of EC₅₀ for pure EAN at 15 min are in relatively good concordance with the literature. To the best of our knowledge, no ecotoxicity studies have been performed for doped EAN. Similar results have been found for pure EAN and for EAN doped with LiNO₃ and Mg(NO₃)₂, whose values indicated low toxicity. Nevertheless, the addition of Ca(NO₃)₂ and Al(NO₃)₃ cause an increase in the ecotoxicity of EAN, especially for the IL doped with Al(NO₃)₃, which present values associated to highly toxic compounds, comparable even with benzene or atrazine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

4 pages, 306 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis New of Nucleoside of 1,3-bis-(2,3,5-tri-O-Benzoyl-β-D-Ribofuranosyl)-8-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-Methyl-4-Quinazolinone

by Laila Mohammed Break and Wafa Saad Al-harthi

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05694 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 862

Abstract

Fluorinated nucleosides are very important for increased biological and chemical stability of organ fluorine compounds. Synthesis of (1H)-8-trifluloromethyl-2-methyl-4-quinazolinone 3 from 2-amino-3-(trifluoromethyl) benzoic acid 1 was performed. Ribosylation of compound 4 with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-d-ribofuranose 5 using [...] Read more.

Fluorinated nucleosides are very important for increased biological and chemical stability of organ fluorine compounds. Synthesis of (1H)-8-trifluloromethyl-2-methyl-4-quinazolinone 3 from 2-amino-3-(trifluoromethyl) benzoic acid 1 was performed. Ribosylation of compound 4 with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-d-ribofuranose 5 using the silylation method created the benzoylated nucleoside derivative 6. Debenzoylation of the protected nucleoside 6 via reaction with sodium metal in dry methanol to create the corresponding free nucleoside 1,3-bis-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-d-ribofuranosyl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-quinazolinone 7. The structures of the newly synthesis compounds have been confirmed on the basis of IR, ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, and mass spectral data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

7 pages, 855 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Water Absorption and Effect of Water Content on Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of Two Diethylmethylammonium Ionic Liquids

by María Villanueva and Carlos Fernández-Leira

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05791 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1068

Abstract

The effect of environmental water on certain properties of ionic liquids (ILs) can be decisive when considering a possible industrial application. The effect of environmental water absorption on electrical conductivity (using a conductimeter Crison Basic 30) and viscosity (using a rheometer AR2000 TA [...] Read more.

The effect of environmental water on certain properties of ionic liquids (ILs) can be decisive when considering a possible industrial application. The effect of environmental water absorption on electrical conductivity (using a conductimeter Crison Basic 30) and viscosity (using a rheometer AR2000 TA Instruments) on two diethylmethylammonium ionic liquids was analyzed. The studied compounds were based on a cation (diethylmethylammonium) and two anions (methanesulfonate and trifluoromethanesulfonate). In both ionic liquids the water absorption corresponded to a Fickian behavior, agreeing with previous literature data on other ILs, being methanesulfonate much more hygroscopic than trifluoromethanesulfonate (28% and 6% in weight for [EEMAm][MeSO₃] and [EEMAm][OTf], respectively). As expected, water considerably increased the ionic conductivity; values were duplicated in the case of [EEMAm][OTf] and quadruplicated for [EEMAm][MeSO₃]. Similarly, the viscosity decreased drastically with water incorporation in the IL—showing changes of 88% and 66% for trifluoromethanesulfonate and methanesulfonate, respectively. Furthermore, in the case of diethylmethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, the functional dependence of the viscosity with the molar fraction of water was studied. According to the observed behavior, the viscosity of the pure IL was estimated using the equation proposed by Seddon et al. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

12 pages, 3677 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Micellar Extraction of Active Ingredients of Plant Raw Materials as a Tool for Improving the Quality of Diet Supplements and Additional Substances

by Magdalena Malysa-Pasko, Marcin Lukasiewicz, Gabriela Ziec, Ewa Slusarz and Piotr Jakubowski

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05789 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1233

Abstract

The micellar extraction method (micellar mediated extraction (MME)) is an alternative method of classical extraction, which takes place with the participation of surfactants. In this method, instead of an organic solvent, a highly efficient solution of surfactants is used, which dissolves the desired [...] Read more.

The micellar extraction method (micellar mediated extraction (MME)) is an alternative method of classical extraction, which takes place with the participation of surfactants. In this method, instead of an organic solvent, a highly efficient solution of surfactants is used, which dissolves the desired component in hydrophobic micelles. Moreover, micellar extraction is often used for separating analytes from complex matrices, enriching analytes in environmental research, as well as for determining trace amounts of heavy metals or toxins in biological samples. The main goal of the presented study was to compare conventional extraction (using ethanol solutions) with micellar extraction (carried out with whey protein isolated (WPI) solutions and whey protein concentrated (WPC). The test material consisted of dried elderberry (Sambucus nigra) fruits. The comparison of the obtained extracts was performed by analyzing the contents of reducing compounds, flavonoid content, and the ability to reduce iron (III) ions in a system of three variables: Temperature, concentration and time. The obtained results clearly show that the factor influencing the efficiency of micellar extraction using WPC and WPI was time. The higher ability to reduce iron (III) ions was characterized by WPC protein extract as opposed to WPI extracts. The content of flavonoids in micellar extraction using protein extracts from WPC was higher than with the use of protein extracts from WPI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

6 pages, 488 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Methanolysis of 2-Cyanopyridine in the Coordination Sphere of Manganese(II). The Structure of Mn₄L₆Cl₂ cluster (L = Methyl Picolinimidate)

by Lara Rouco, Rosa Pedrido, M. Isabel Fernández-García, Ana M. González-Noya and Marcelino Maneiro

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05659 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1001

Abstract

The reaction of 2-cyanopyridine and Mn(II) in methanol solution led to the formation of a Mn₄L₆Cl₂ cluster 1 containing O-methyl picolimidate as a ligand (L). The coordination of 2-cyanopyridine to the Mn(II) ion as a chelating bidentate [...] Read more.

The reaction of 2-cyanopyridine and Mn(II) in methanol solution led to the formation of a Mn₄L₆Cl₂ cluster 1 containing O-methyl picolimidate as a ligand (L). The coordination of 2-cyanopyridine to the Mn(II) ion as a chelating bidentate ligand activated the CN triple bond which subsequently suffered a nucleophilic attack by CH₃OH. Complex 1 was characterized by standard techniques including microanalysis, IR spectroscopy, ESI spectrometry, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The crystal structure of 1 was determined by X-ray diffraction techniques, and the crystallographic studies revealed a planar-diamond array for 1 where the six monoanionic picolinimidates act as chelating ligands through the two nitrogen atoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 501 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Kinetic Study of the Epoxy System BADGE n = 0/IPD/ABS

by Francisco Fraga-López, Eugenio Rodríguez-Núñez, José Manuel Martínez-Ageitos, Lucia López Arias and Uxío Valcárcel-Rubinos

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05658 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 943

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the curing kinetics of the epoxy system formed by the epoxy resin Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, Isophorone diamine hardener (IPD), and the thermoplastic modification agent Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or ABS. The introduction of a third component, in [...] Read more.

In this study, we investigated the curing kinetics of the epoxy system formed by the epoxy resin Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, Isophorone diamine hardener (IPD), and the thermoplastic modification agent Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or ABS. The introduction of a third component, in this case ABS, has been carried out to improve the application of this system in waterproofing and use of paints, as well as improving resistance to the impact of this type of systems. In addition, obtaining kinetic and respective parameters will allow us to identify the properties and gain knowledge of possible applications in the industry. In particular, it is intended to reach a kinetic equation that is capable of describing variation in the reaction rate according to the degree of curing for the entire range of conversions, starting from the model proposed by Kamal et al. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 271 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Synthesis and Some Physical Properties of New Organometallic Compounds Containing Si and Sn Atoms

by V. Fabricio Terraza, Darío C. Gerbino and Julio C. Podestá

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05687 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 968

Abstract

: This paper reports the synthesis of two new organotin hydrides containing a (phenyldimethylsilyl)methyl ligand. It was found that the reaction of (phenyldime thylsilyl) methylmagnesium bromide in ether afforded ((phenyldimethylsilyl)methyl) trimethyltin (3) (72%), and with (−)-menthyldimethyltin bromide (4) gave [...] Read more.

: This paper reports the synthesis of two new organotin hydrides containing a (phenyldimethylsilyl)methyl ligand. It was found that the reaction of (phenyldime thylsilyl) methylmagnesium bromide in ether afforded ((phenyldimethylsilyl)methyl) trimethyltin (3) (72%), and with (−)-menthyldimethyltin bromide (4) gave (((phenyl dimethylsilyl)methyl)(1R,2R,5R) -2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)dimethyltin (5) (84%). Bromo dealkylation of 3 with bromine in MeOH led to ((phenyldimethylsilyl)methyl)dimethyltin bromide (6) (82%), which upon reduction with LiAlH₄ yielded ((phenyldimethyl silyl)methyl)dimethyltin hydride (7) (95%). The best method for obtaining the corresponding bromostannylated derivative of compound 5, i.e., (((phenyldimethylsilyl) methyl)(1R,2R,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl) methyltin bromide (8) was the exchange reaction between 4 and HgBr₂ that led to 8 with 90% yield. The reduction of bromide 8 with LiAlH₄ gave a diastereomeric mixture of (((phenyldimethylsilyl)methyl)(1R,2R,5R)-2-isopropyl-5- methylcyclohexyl)methyltin hydride (9). Some physical properties and ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR of the new organotin hydrides, as well as that of their intermediate precursors are included. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Scheme 1

7 pages, 269 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Ultrasound-Assisted One Pot Synthesis of Novel 5-(1-(Substituted phenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-4-methylthiazole

by Urja D. Nimbalkar, Julio A. Seijas, Maria Pilar Vazquez-Tato and Anna Pratima G. Nikalje

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05795 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 854

Abstract

This work reports synthesis of ten novel derivatives of 5-(1-(substituted phenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-4-methylthiazole 5(a–o). The reaction of benzil, primary aryl amines, 4-methylthiazole-5-carbaldehyde and ammonium acetate was carried out in one pot in the presence of eco-friendly catalyst Ceric ammonium nitrate [...] Read more.

This work reports synthesis of ten novel derivatives of 5-(1-(substituted phenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-4-methylthiazole 5(a–o). The reaction of benzil, primary aryl amines, 4-methylthiazole-5-carbaldehyde and ammonium acetate was carried out in one pot in the presence of eco-friendly catalyst Ceric ammonium nitrate in solvent ethanol to give final compounds. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral characterization such as IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and mass spectral studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

7 pages, 507 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Comparative Antimicrobial Activity Study of Brassica oleceracea

by Sandeep Waghulde, Nilofar Abid Khan, Nilesh Gorde, Mohan Kale, Pravin Naik and Rupali Prashant Yewale

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05662 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1351

Abstract

Medicinal plants are in rich source of antimicrobial agents. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of plants from the same species as Brassica oleceracea namely, white cabbage and red cabbage. The preliminary phytochemical analysis was tested by using [...] Read more.

Medicinal plants are in rich source of antimicrobial agents. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of plants from the same species as Brassica oleceracea namely, white cabbage and red cabbage. The preliminary phytochemical analysis was tested by using a different extract of these plants for the presence of various secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was screened against clinical isolates viz gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extracts found significant inhibition against all the pathogens. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

6 pages, 481 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

New Nile Blue Derivatives as NIR Fluorescent Probes and Antifungal Agents

by Rui P. C. L. Sousa, João C. C. Ferreira, Maria João M. F. Sousa and M. Sameiro T. Gonçalves

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05693 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1249

Abstract

The synthesis of four new Nile Blue derivatives with hydrogen, propyl and/or aminopropyl groups as substituents of the amines of 5- and 9-positions is described. Photophysical properties were evaluated in acidified ethanol and aqueous solution at physiological pH. Antifungal activity is also studied [...] Read more.

The synthesis of four new Nile Blue derivatives with hydrogen, propyl and/or aminopropyl groups as substituents of the amines of 5- and 9-positions is described. Photophysical properties were evaluated in acidified ethanol and aqueous solution at physiological pH. Antifungal activity is also studied through the obtention of MIC values. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 423 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Comparative Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aril Extracts of Punica granatum Fruits

by Sandeep Waghulde, Sweety Bhopi, Trunali Ghude, Roshani Gotarane and Mohan Kale

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05783 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 972

Abstract

A substanceor treatment with an anti-inflammatory propertyis one that reduces inflammation or swelling. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of pomegranate aril extract on rat paw. The anti-inflammatory activity of pomegranate was tested on rats by employing [...] Read more.

A substanceor treatment with an anti-inflammatory propertyis one that reduces inflammation or swelling. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of pomegranate aril extract on rat paw. The anti-inflammatory activity of pomegranate was tested on rats by employing the induced carrageenan rat paw edema method. Various concentrations of the arils and the aril mixture (1:1) were prepared by dissolving in hydroalcohol and alcohol to obtain final concentrations of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg to betested against the organisms. The effectivity of granatin B inaqueous and alcoholic extracts of the arils of Punica granatum was calculated by measuring the increase in paw volume and the percent of inhibition by comparing with the control and the standard drug. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

9 pages, 329 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Study on the Synthesis of Some (Un)Substituted 2-Amino-4-aryl-7-hydroxy-4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles in the Water Medium

by Nguyen Dinh Thanh, Do Son Hai, Pham Thi Thu Hien, Vu Thi Ngoc Bich, Vu Ngoc Toan, Hoang Thi Kim Van and Tran Thi Thanh Van

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05665 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 1379

Abstract

An efficient and simple synthesis of substituted 2-amino-4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles was developed by the one-pot and three-component reaction of a mixture of corresponding substituted benzaldehydes, resorcinol, and malononitrile in the presence of sodium carbonate solution as a catalyst at room temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Scheme 1

2 pages, 196 KiB

Open AccessExtended Abstract

Microwave Accelerates the Synthesis of 1-Amidoalkyl-2-Naphthols Using Cu₂(NH₂-BDC)₂(DABCO)-Sal-Co(II) as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

by Leila Panahi and M. Reza Naimi-Jamal

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05698 - 14 Nov 2018

Viewed by 802

Abstract

Multicomponent reactions have attracted significant attention since. [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Scheme 1

5 pages, 235 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Formulation Development of a Patient Friendly Dosage Form for Eye Drug Delivery: Kajal

by Sandeep Waghulde, Archana Pawar, Minal Kadav, Pratiksha Khade, Mohan Kale, Bharat Tekade, Nilesh Gorde and Pravin Naik

Proceedings 2019, 9(1), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05663 - 14 Nov 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1847

Abstract

Traditionally, kajal is known as kohl or surma and is used as eyeliner. Designing herbal kajal with medicinal plants as a cosmetics product is considered to bea novel, innovative technique. The main advantages of such a product are that it is patient friendly, [...] Read more.

Traditionally, kajal is known as kohl or surma and is used as eyeliner. Designing herbal kajal with medicinal plants as a cosmetics product is considered to bea novel, innovative technique. The main advantages of such a product are that it is patient friendly, water resistant, stable, and economical to formulate. Two medicinal plants, viz., Rosa rubiginosa and Triphala, were evaluated for their potential for sustained ocular delivery with the aim of formulating herbal kajal. Standardization of the herbs was performed based on different physiochemical parameters, and the obtained values were within the prescribed limits. On the basis of the selected parameters and its antimicrobial potential, herbal kajal was evaluated in comparison with comparable products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Proceedings, 2019, ECSOC-22 2018

22nd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI