2025 November-1 - 102 articles
Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) have become a significant category of small non-coding RNAs that likely play vital roles in various cellular functions. Initially, research on small RNAs overlooked tRFs as simple byproducts of tRNA degradation,...
Obesity causes millions of deaths each year due to metabolic complications, making it a major public health challenge. It results from a chronic imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure. Among central structures regulating energy balan...
Female infertility, affecting millions worldwide, involves complex molecular mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, impaired cellular death, and protein regulation. This study explores how the cytokine IL-6, the autophagy marker LC3, ubiquitination...
Progesterone (P4) withdrawal is the key trigger for labour onset. Labour is a sterile inflammatory process involving monocyte infiltration, differentiation into M1 or M2 macrophages (Macs) and contributing to the inflammatory milieu in the uterus. Pr...
Liver diseases are leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Therefore, the development of new treatments for liver disease is urgent. An integral part of the treatment of any liver disease is the process of regeneration of its parenchyma. Ho...
Tobacco smoke has been consistently associated with impaired spermatozoa quality in men, including decreased concentration, motility, and increased morphological abnormalities. Key tobacco-related toxins such as nicotine and cadmium induce oxidative...
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Proteomics of dystrophic muscle samples is limited by the amount of protein that can be extracted from patient biopsies. Cells and tissues derived from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be an expandable alternative source. We...
Human microglia are central regulators and actors in brain infections and neuro-inflammatory pathologies. However, access to such cells is limited, and studies systematically mapping the spectrum of their inflammatory states are scarce. Here, we gene...
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains on the cell surface are sulfated in various patterns, and this structure is the basis of CS function. We aimed to investigate the role of chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-1 (C4ST-1), the enzyme responsible for the 4-su...
Percocypris pingi is an endangered protected fish species in China. Its albino variants exhibit growth retardation and physiological abnormalities. Understanding its albinism mechanism holds significant scientific importance for molecular breeding pr...
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a pivotal vulnerability in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This review provides an overview of ferroptosis mechanisms and their impli...
Degraded DNA is frequently encountered in biological samples due to mechanisms that favor the decomposition process and thus the fragmentation of DNA due to (extreme) environmental conditions. The reduced size of the DNA fragments may hamper the perf...
Chronic alcohol misuse is the leading cause of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of alcohol-associated cardiomyopathy (ACM), particularly regarding sex-specific susceptibility and mitochondri...
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease marked by fibrosis in various organs, including the heart. Cardiac involvement influences prognosis, but the underpinning mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates myocardial changes in a mur...
The Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) is a highly conserved machinery best known for its role in endosomal trafficking and membrane remodeling. Increasing evidence shows that ESCRT components are also key regulators during open...
Neuromast cells are specialized mechanosensory receptor cells embedded within the lateral line system of aquatic vertebrates, enabling the detection of water movement and vibration that are essential for navigation, prey capture, and predator avoidan...
Mitochondria play a central role in cellular bioenergetics. They contribute significantly to ATP production, which is essential for maintaining cells. They are also key mediators of various types of cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and f...
Endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent gynecologic malignancy in western countries. In recent years, mutations in CTNNB1 have been associated with worse prognosis in low-risk carcinomas. However, there is a lack of understanding of the proteomic...
Megakaryocytes (MKs) have traditionally been viewed as terminal hematopoietic cells responsible solely for platelet production. However, recent advances in imaging and single-cell transcriptomics have revealed substantial heterogeneity among MK popul...
Sarcopenia, characterized by progressive skeletal muscle mass, strength, and functional loss, imposes a substantial global health burden. Irisin, a myokine derived from fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is critical for muscle...
SARS-CoV-2 infection remains a global health concern, with its impact on host immune responses not fully understood. In a case–control study, we examined how COVID-19 affects DNA methylation patterns in the upper respiratory airway of hospitali...
Heart failure (HF) and other cardiac pathologies represent leading causes of hospitalization and mortality worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for effective regenerative therapies. In recent years, considerable research has focused on developing...
Gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinomas remain among the most aggressive and lethal malignancies globally. Most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages and respond poorly to conventional chemotherapy, highlighting the urgent d...
Follicular lymphoma management is rapidly evolving with advanced cellular therapies. This review examines the optimal sequencing of autologous stem cell transplantation (autoSCT), allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), and CAR T-cell therapy...
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease with no cure. Until recently, most specific therapies for PAH had aimed at enhancing cyclic nucleotide (cAMP and cGMP) pathways, taking advantage of the vasorelaxant and antiproliferative prope...
Caspases are known for their roles in cell death and inflammation. However, emerging evidence suggests they also mediate non-lethal processes, governed by a finely tuned balance of localization, activity, kinetics, and substrate availability. Given t...
Clinical application of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has increased marginal donor lung utilization. It has been developed as a platform for donor lung reconditioning. However, many of the current repair strategies are limited by a maximum reliable E...
During metastasis, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, and the floating cells enter the circulation and reattach in distant organs. Floating cells are highly chemoresistant to anticancer drugs, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly underst...
Febrile seizures (FS) are a common childhood neurological event associated with an increased risk of long-term cognitive and emotional deficits, though the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Using a rat model, we investigated the long-term effects of...
Genetic information, whether inside or outside the nucleus, is exposed to a variety of harmful physico-chemical factors. Although DNA damage repair systems have been extensively studied, little information about post-repair and non-genomic DNA damage...
Background: Mechanical processing techniques are commonly employed to prepare adipose tissue for clinical applications in reconstructive and aesthetic procedures. However, their histological and immunohistochemical impact on adipose tissue remains in...
While normal fibroblasts suppress tumor growth, during cancer initiation and progression, this capacity can be lost and even switched to tumor-promoting, for reasons that are not understood. In this study, we aimed to determine differences between pa...
Background: G2/M cell cycle arrest of proximal tubular epithelial cells following acute kidney injury results in maladaptive repair and promotes chronic kidney disease. We investigated whether erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) regulate G2/M arr...
Tamibarotene (AM80) is an agonist of retinoic acid receptor alpha. It is licensed in Japan for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Results from preclinical models suggest that tamibarotene might also be effective in the treatment of divers...
Regenerative medicine is a rapidly evolving field of contemporary biomedical research that offers new therapeutic strategies for conditions previously considered untreatable. Cell therapy shows particular potential in this domain. However, rigorous b...
Hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder; It is estimated that nearly 2.5 billion people will have some degree of hearing loss by 2050. Although the causes are diverse, a significant proportion of cases have a genetic origin, which is the mai...
This article explores the application of atomic force spectroscopy in in vitro studies of endothelial cells. In this technique, derived from the atomic force microscopy, the AFM probe is employed as a nanoindenter. This review aims to discuss the nan...
Mitochondrial dynamics are important for cellular health and include morphology, fusion, fission, vesicle formation, transport and contact formation with other organelles. Myosin XIX (Myo19) is an actin-based motor, which competes with TRAK1/2 adapto...
The Slit2/Robo signaling pathway acts as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. This study identified an 8-amino acid peptide, LT1-3, derived from the Slit2 LamG domain, and demonstrated its ability to inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation and invas...
Background: The skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for muscle force and the regulation of important physiological processes. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that in aging, altered ECM composition profoundly hinders the cap...
The malate–aspartate shuttle (MAS) is an NADH shuttle that transports cytoplasmic reducing equivalents to the mitochondria for producing energy. We previously demonstrated that K-demethylase 2A (KDM2A), a jmjC-type histone demethylase, decrease...
Retinoids are central regulators of skin biology, influencing keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, immune modulation, and barrier maintenance. Their therapeutic relevance has long been attributed to retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-mediated trans...
Secondary peritonitis is a life-threatening intra-abdominal condition arising from gastrointestinal perforation, chemical injury, or catheter-related infections, characterized by marked heterogeneity in presentation and progression. Major subtypes in...
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is the leading environmental cause of gastric carcinogenesis, yet the molecular pathways remain incompletely defined. This review links H. pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and host epithelial ex...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) express features of parental cells and are fundamental in modulating the crosstalk between cancer cells and their environment. Increasing evidence suggests that EVs have a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, cancer development...
The glial tube is a longitudinal structure predominantly composed of densely bundled, aligned astrocytes that projects from the subventricular zone (SVZ) to the olfactory bulb. Neural precursor cells (NPCs) generated in the SVZ migrate through this g...
Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by low bone mass and changes in bone architecture, often leading to fractures and thereby decreased functional status in affected patients. About 200 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, with...
Glaucoma represents a social and economic burden due to both its increasing incidence and the lack of knowledge about its physiopathology and treatment strategies. The main factor hindering progress in glaucoma research is the disease’s heterog...
Ovarian hormones are essential regulators of vascular homeostasis, yet their deficiency’s effects on the meningeal microvasculature remain incompletely understood. We used high-resolution imaging to assess the cranial dura mater (CDM) blood and...
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