Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Novel Insight and Therapeutic Applications in Cancer

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2026 | Viewed by 354

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Interests: cancers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thanks to efforts made in recent years to uncover the factors involved in cancer progression, it is now clear that each factor has a unique imprint in cancer pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes (Exos) are small structures involved in the regulation of biological processes through their cargo, which can comprise proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. They are produced by tumor cells and function as a unique form of intercellular communication that can promote cell growth and survival, help shape the tumor microenvironment, and increase invasive and metastatic activity. However, the application of complex culture models to unravel the role of EVs and Exos in cancer research has not yet been popularized within EV research, given the difficulties that this type of culture presents, both technically and in terms of costs. This Special Issue will highlight the involvement of EVs and Exos in cancer physiology in order to identify potential applications in clinical oncology. The unique properties of EVs and Exos mean that they are promising tools in the therapeutic treatment of diseases, including neurodegenerative conditions and various types of cancer, highlighting the importance of 3D cultures in the study of EVs and Exos.

Dr. Giusi Alberti
Dr. Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • extracellular vesicles (EVs)
  • exosomes (Exos)
  • proteins and miRNA
  • 2D-EVs and Exos
  • 3D-EVs and Exos
  • precision therapy
  • molecular mechanism
  • cancer physiology
  • oncology research

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 1200 KB  
Review
Hsp60-Bearing Exosomes in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Tumorigenesis: A Pathomorphological and Therapeutical Overview
by Melania Ionelia Gratie, Olga Maria Manna, Salvatore Accomando, Giovanni Tomasello, Francesco Cappello and Alberto Fucarino
Cells 2025, 14(21), 1652; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14211652 (registering DOI) - 22 Oct 2025
Abstract
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is the leading environmental cause of gastric carcinogenesis, yet the molecular pathways remain incompletely defined. This review links H. pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and host epithelial exosomes through their shared cargo of heat shock protein 60 [...] Read more.
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is the leading environmental cause of gastric carcinogenesis, yet the molecular pathways remain incompletely defined. This review links H. pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and host epithelial exosomes through their shared cargo of heat shock protein 60 (GroEL/Hsp60). We proposed the concept of the “muco-microbiotic layer” as a fifth, functionally distinct layer of the gastric wall, where bacterial and host extracellular vesicles (EVs) interact within the mucus–microbiota interface. In this compartment, OMVs carrying bacterial GroEL and exosomes containing human Hsp60 engage in bidirectional communication that may promote chronic inflammation and epithelial transformation, with putative participation of molecular mimicry. The high structural homology between microbial and human Hsp60 enables repeated immune exposure to trigger cross-reactive responses—potentially leading to autoimmune-driven tissue damage, immune tolerance, and immune evasion in pre-neoplastic lesions. This vesicular crosstalk aligns with the evolution from non-atrophic gastritis to atrophy, from intestinal metaplasia to dysplasia, and lastly adenocarcinoma. Therapeutically, targeting EV-mediated Hsp60/GroEL signaling might offer promising strategies: EV-based biomarkers for early detection, monoclonal antibodies against extracellular Hsp60/GroEL, modulation of vesicle release, and probiotic-derived nanovesicles to restore mucosal balance. Hence, recognizing the muco-microbiotic layer and its vesicle-mediated signaling provides a new framework for understanding the infection–inflammation–cancer axis and for developing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in H. pylori-associated gastric cancer. Full article
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