Zero-trust security architecture reconstructs the trust foundation of access control based on authentication and authorization by continuously authenticating the terminal during the authentication process and not relying solely on geographic location...
Recently, networks have shifted from traditional in-house servers to third-party-managed cloud platforms due to its cost-effectiveness and increased accessibility toward its management. However, the network remains reactive, with less accountability...
With the rapid development of Internet of Things technology, cloud computing, and big data, the combination of medical systems and information technology has become increasingly close. However, the emergence of intelligent medical systems has brought...
The importance of network security has increased with the emergence of networked systems in contemporary computing, making it an essential aspect of protecting digital assets and safeguarding against cyber threats. The current security mechanisms, wh...
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) leverage fog computing to process high-frequency vehicular data locally, but securing these continuous data streams against future quantum computers remains a critical challenge. A systematic review using the...
In traditional power networks, security protection models primarily rely on perimeter-based defenses, utilizing firewalls, virtual private networks (VPNs), and identity authentication to block external threats. However, once a node within the power s...
The rapid advancement in 6G networks, driven by the proliferation of distributed edge and fog computing, has introduced unprecedented challenges in securing these decentralized architectures. Traditional security paradigms are inadequate for protecti...
Zero-trust security and federated learning have emerged as promising paradigms for edge computing, yet existing solutions struggle to balance security, privacy, and performance requirements effectively. This paper presents ZT-IoTrust, a zero-trust fr...
In next-generation Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, securing inter-satellite communication links (ISLs) through strong authentication is essential due to the network’s dynamic and distributed structure. Traditional authentication syste...
Edge computing is now widely used to support real-time and safety-critical IoT services. However, current edge schedulers usually optimize only performance, while security verification and trust assessment are handled as separate modules. This separa...
With ongoing cyber threats stemming from persistent hacking attempts, relentless efforts are being made to prevent such threats at their source. Recently, the concept of “zero trust”, introduced by the United States National Institute of...
As cross-border access becomes more frequent, traditional perimeter-based network security models can no longer cope with evolving security requirements. Zero trust is a novel paradigm for cybersecurity based on the core concept of “never trust...
The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in cloud-based e-learning platforms has posed significant security risks, particularly in protecting learner information, authentication of devices, and safe communication in the highly hete...
The rapid advancement of technology and increasing data utilisation have underscored the need for new models to manage and secure big data effectively. However, the constraints of isolated network environments and the limitations of existing security...
Modern supply chain systems face significant challenges, including lack of transparency, inefficient inventory management, and vulnerability to disruptions and security threats. Traditional optimization methods often struggle to adapt to the complex...
For organizations, protecting computer networks has always been a very tough and demanding task. In the current technological era digital resources can now be protected without the need for outdated traditional perimeter-based security techniques. Or...
The Zero Trust (ZT) model is pivotal in enhancing the security of distributed systems by emphasizing rigorous identity verification, granular access control (AC), and continuous monitoring. To address the complexity and scalability challenges of mode...
Multi-cloud is becoming more challenging to secure as traditional perimeter-based security models have a hard time protecting workloads running across multiple cloud platforms, identities, and services. To address this challenge, organizations are sh...
Large organizations face a critical systems integration challenge when executing multiple concurrent security modernization programs. This paper examines the U.S. Department of Defense’s simultaneous implementation of three transformational ini...
The connected or smart environment is the integration of smart devices (sensors, IoT devices, or actuator) into the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, in which a large number of devices are connected, monitoring the physical environment and processes...
In recent years, there have been a number of new application architectures developed (examples include microservices and containerisation) that introduce significant security challenges for inter-service communication. Whereas internal calls made wit...
We provide a practical implementation of a free space optical quantum key distribution (FSO-QKD) system within a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) application developed under the Innovate UK AirQKD project. The FSO-QKD system provides the quantum secur...
We developed an AI-assisted zero-trust control system at low capital expenditure to retrofit brownfield Ethernet environments without disruptive hardware upgrades or costly software-defined networking migration. Legacy network infrastructures in smal...
Zero-trust security continuously re-evaluates the trustworthiness of industrial devices and reacts by rerouting, isolating, or rescheduling traffic. In a time-sensitive network (TSN) that carries feedback control loops, however, every such reaction i...
Today, with the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart home technology, new security issues have arisen, including device diversity, data privacy concerns, and susceptibility to advanced, complex attacks. Traditional Intrusion Detection S...
The rapid evolution of 6G networks and large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) deployments intensifies security and privacy challenges in embedded SIM (eSIM) Remote SIM Provisioning (RSP), particularly during the bootstrap and profile delivery phases. T...
A reinforcement learning hyper-heuristic framework for multi-objective scientific workflow scheduling selects among five meta-heuristic optimisers and tunes their control parameters under a Nash Social Welfare reward over makespan, cost, security, an...
With the advent of 6G Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) technology, IoT security faces inevitable challenges due to the application requirements of Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTCs). In response, a 6G base station (gNB) and User Equipment (UE) necess...
Recently, the need for unified orchestration frameworks that can manage extremely heterogeneous, distributed, and resource-constrained environments has emerged due to the rapid development of cloud, edge, and IoT computing. Kubernetes and other tradi...
This paper introduces the Automated Zero Trust Risk Management with DevSecOps Integration (AZTRM-D) framework, a novel approach that embeds security throughout the entire Secure Software and System Development Life Cycle (S-SDLC). AZTRM-D strategical...
Traditional security architectures use a perimeter-based security model where everything internal to the corporate network is trusted by default. This type of architecture was designed to protect static servers and endpoints; however, we need to adap...
In response to the increasing complexity and sophistication of cyber threats, particularly those enhanced by advancements in artificial intelligence, traditional security methods are proving insufficient. This paper provides an overview of the zero-t...
Cybersecurity has become a critical concern for individuals, organizations, and governments, especially with the rise of sophisticated cyberattacks and remote work environments. Traditional security approaches are no longer sufficient, leading to the...
As smart manufacturing environments continue to evolve, operational technology systems are increasingly integrated with external networks and cloud-based platforms. However, many manufacturing facilities still use legacy systems running on end-of-sup...
The widespread integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology for environmental monitoring systems has produced a decentralized data environment where various types of devices continuously acquire and share sensing data. Despite providing signifi...
Smart cities rely on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies across transportation, energy, healthcare, and public safety, but adopting IoT at city scale introduces security challenges that a network perimeter can no longer address. Zero Trust (ZT) has...
IoT deployments handle credential hygiene reactively: cloned, replayed, or stale credentials are typically discovered only after misuse, and revocation state is often propagated through centralized lists whose integrity cannot be independently verifi...
The evolution toward sixth generation (6G) wireless networks promises higher performance, greater flexibility, and enhanced intelligence. However, it also introduces a substantially enlarged attack surface driven by open, disaggregated, and multi-ven...
The Internet has been vulnerable to several attacks as it has expanded, including spoofing, viruses, malicious code attacks, and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). The three main types of attacks most frequently reported in the current period are...
Recently, more and more mobile devices have been connected to the Internet. The Internet environment is complicated, and network security incidents emerge endlessly. Traditional blocking and killing passive defense measures cannot fundamentally meet...
Cloud-native computing enhances the deployment of microservice architecture (MSA) applications by improving scalability and resilience, particularly in Beyond 5G (B5G) environments such as Sixth-Generation (6G) networks. This is achieved through the...
As organizations continue to embrace digital transformation, the need for robust cybersecurity strategies has never been more critical. This paper explores the Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) as a contemporary cybersecurity framework that addresses the...
The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) paradigm promises unprecedented flexibility and cost efficiency for 6G networks but introduces critical security risks due to its disaggregated, AI-driven architecture. This paper proposes a secure optimization f...
With the digitization of healthcare, an immense amount of sensitive medical data are generated and shared between various healthcare stakeholders—however, traditional health data management mechanisms present interoperability, security, and pri...
The Zero Trust safety architecture emerged as an intriguing approach for overcoming the shortcomings of standard network security solutions. This extensive survey study provides a meticulous explanation of the underlying principles of Zero Trust, as...
The rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) networks has increased the need for intrusion detection mechanisms that provide accurate threat detection while preserving privacy, resisting malicious clients, and limiting communication overhead. Existin...
The rapid expansion of remote work following the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the development of more robust and secure endpoint device security solutions. Companies have begun to adopt the zero trust security concept as an alternative to tradi...
Modern organizations have migrated from localized physical offices to work-from-home environments. This surge in remote work culture has exponentially increased the demand for and usage of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), which permit remote employee...
The large and interconnected nature of the Internet of Things (IoT) presents unique security challenges, even as it revolutionizes various sectors. With numerous devices, often limited in resources, traditional perimeter-based security methods strugg...
The rapid deployment of Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled video surveillance systems has expanded the capabilities of real-time monitoring in smart cities, healthcare facilities, industrial environments and critical infrastructure. However, integratin...
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