105 Results Found

Endurance and resistance exercises, alone or in combination, induce metabolic changes that affect tryptophan (Trp) catabolism. The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the main route of Trp degradation, and it is modulated by the inflammatory and redox environ...

Depression is the serious mental disorder. Previous studies suggest that the development mechanism of depression may be associated with disorders of the tryptophan catabolic pathway (TRYCAT). Thus, this study investigates the effect of agomelatine tr...

Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid, commercially available as a feed-grade product, and is a precursor to serotonin and melatonin, which are both important molecules in stress mitigation. Meagre have a high potential for marine aquaculture d...

Feeding thermally oxidized lipids to pigs has been shown to compromise growth and health, reduce energy digestibility, and disrupt lipid metabolism. However, the effects of feeding oxidized lipids on amino acid metabolism in pigs have not been well d...

The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the primary route for the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan. The central KP metabolites are neurologically active molecules or biosynthetic precursors to critical molecules, such as NAD⁺. Within this pat...

Metabolomics is a promising technology for the application of translational medicine to cardiovascular risk. Here, we applied a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry approach to explore the associations between plasma concentrations of amino...

Indoleamine 2,3-deoxygenase (IDO) plays an important role in the catabolism of the amino acid tryptophan. Tryptophan and its metabolites are key immune modulators. Increased IDO activity has been observed in various diseases and is associated with wo...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. The enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which participates in the rate-limiting step of tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP), is associate...

Indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO), a rate limiting enzyme of the tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP), has been related with a lower survival and a poor patient prognosis on several solid tumors, including gliomas. However, the use o...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has so far infected hundreds of million individuals, with several million deaths worldwide. The lack of understanding of the disease pathophysiology and the host’s immune response has resulted in this rapid spread...

Background: The liver’s role as a metabolic gatekeeper positions it uniquely to influence systemic metabolic homeostasis and potentially modulate leukemogenesis through hepato-hematopoietic crosstalk. Recent observations of rare hematological m...

Background/Objectives: We aimed to discover genes with bimodal expression linked to patient outcomes, to reveal underlying oncogenotypes and identify new therapeutic insights in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods: We performed meta-analysis to scree...

Chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) and low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITL) are common chronic enteropathies (CE) in cats. Enteric microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of CE; however, the mechanisms of host–microbi...

Inhibitors targeting kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO), an enzyme in the neurotoxic kynurenine pathway (KP), are potential therapeutics for KP metabolites-mediated neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Although phytochemicals from Cannabi...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Inflammation is the underlying common mechanism involved in CVD. It has been recently related to amino acid metabolism, which acts as a critical regulator of innate and a...

L-Tryptophan (TRP) metabolites and related biomarkers play crucial roles in physiological functions, and their imbalances are implicated in central nervous system pathologies and neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),...

Kynureninase (KYNU) is a kynurenine pathway (KP) enzyme that produces metabolites with immunomodulatory properties. In recent years, overactivation of KP has been associated with poor prognosis of several types of cancer, in particular by promoting t...

Preliminary evidence shows that the kynurenine pathway (KP) may be altered in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We thus conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the peripheral blood concentrations of tryptophan catabol...

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the first and rate limiting catabolic enzyme in the degradation pathway of the essential amino acid tryptophan. By cleaving the aromatic indole ring of tryptophan, IDO initiates the production of a variety of try...

The obesity epidemic has contributed to an escalating prevalence of metabolic diseases in children. Overnutrition leads to increased tryptophan uptake and availability. An association between the induction of the tryptophan catabolic pathway via indo...

Bipolar disorder is associated with an inflammation-triggered elevated catabolism of tryptophan to the kynurenine pathway, which impacts psychiatric symptoms and outcomes. The data indicate that lithium exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting...

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid whose metabolites play key roles in diverse physiological processes. Due to low reserves in the body, especially under various catabolic conditions, tryptophan deficiency manifests itself rapidly, and both the se...

To seek novel antitumor agents, we designed and synthesized new 1-tryptophan analogs based on tryptophan catabolism. 1-Alkyltryptophan analogues including 1-ethyltryptophan (1-ET), 1-propyltryptophan (1-PT), 1-isopropyltryptophan (1-isoPT) and 1-buty...

Tryptophan metabolism and gut microbiota form an integrated regulatory axis that impacts immunity, metabolism, and cancer. This review consolidated current knowledge on the bidirectional interactions between microbial tryptophan processing and the ho...

Violacein is a naturally occurring purple pigment, widely used in cosmetics and has potent antibacterial and antiviral properties. Violacein can be produced from tryptophan, consequently sufficient tryptophan biosynthesis is the key to violacein prod...

Tryptophan has a unique role as a nutritional signaling molecule that regulates protein synthesis in mouse and rat liver. However, the mechanism underlying the stimulating actions of tryptophan on hepatic protein synthesis remains unclear. Proteomic...

Tryptophan depletion is common in hemodialysis patients. The cause of this depletion remains largely unknown, but reduced nutritional tryptophan intake, losses during dialysis or an increased catabolism due to an inflammatory state are likely contrib...

The sustainability of the Aquaculture industry relies on optimising diets to promote nitrogen retention and maximise fish growth. The aim of this study was to assess how different dietary formulations influence the bioavailability and metabolic fate...

Background/Objectives: Inflammatory bowel diseases primarily encompass Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Insufficient levels of tryptophan cause an imbalance in the gut microbiota, leading to inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Th...

To clarify the physiological importance of the tryptophan catabolizing enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, in human pregnancy, we have studied how the expression of this enzyme controls extravillous cytotrophoblast invasion into the decidua. We have...

Tryptophan is metabolized along three main metabolic pathways, namely the kynurenine, serotonin and indole pathways. The majority of tryptophan is transformed via the kynurenine pathway, catalyzed by tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase or indoleamine-2,3-diox...

The important metabolic characteristics of cancer cells include increased fat production and changes in amino acid metabolism. Based on the category of tumor, tumor cells are capable of synthesizing as much as 95% of saturated and monounsaturated fat...

Although aging is considered a normal process, there are cellular and molecular changes that occur with aging that may be detrimental to health. Osteoporosis is one of the most common age-related degenerative diseases, and its progression correlates...

Tryptophan is an essential nutrient required to generate vitamin B3 (niacin), which is mainly involved in energy metabolism and DNA production. Alterations in tryptophan metabolism could have significant effects on aging and musculoskeletal health. T...

The present work aimed to study the role of dietary tryptophan supplementation in modulating the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) immune condition during stressful rearing conditions (i.e., 15 days exposure to high density), as well as the imm...

The flavonoid kaempferol is almost ubiquitously contained in edible and medicinal plants and exerts a broad range of interesting pharmacological activities. Interactions with central inflammatory processes can be exploited to treat or attenuate sympt...

Metabolic rewiring in tumor cells is a major hallmark of oncogenesis. Some of the oncometabolites drive suppressive and tolerogenic signals from the immune system, which becomes complicit to the advent and the survival of neoplasia. Tryptophan (TRP)...

Weaning significantly alters hepatic aromatic amino acid (AAA) metabolism and physiological functions. However, less is known about the regulating mechanism of hepatic AAA metabolism after weaning. A total of 200 21-day-old piglets (Duroc × Lan...

After COVID-19, patients have reported various complaints such as fatigue, neurological symptoms, and insomnia. Immune-mediated changes in amino acid metabolism might contribute to the development of these symptoms. Patients who had had acute, PCR-co...

Background: Prolonged intense exercise has been associated with transient suppression of immune function and an increased risk of infections. In this context, the catabolism of amino acid tryptophan via kynurenine may play an important role. The pres...

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunomodulating enzyme that is overexpressed in many cancers with poor prognosis. IDO suppresses T cell immunity by catabolizing tryptophan into kynurenine (KYN), which induces apoptosis in T effector cells an...

Background/Objectives: We conducted an untargeted metabolomic study in serum, urine, and fecal water in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared to healthy controls. The aim was to define the interactions between metabolites and microbiota. Methods:...

The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of various tryptophan metabolites in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) at different stages of the disease. The present study included 4...

Tryptophan (TRP) is an essential, aromatic amino acid catabolized by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) enzymes into kynurenine. The IDO enzyme is expressed in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. Ano...

The biologically significant phenomenon that the fetus can survive immune attacks from the mother has been demonstrated in mammals. The survival mechanism depends on the fetus and placenta actively defending themselves against attacks by maternal T c...

This study systematically investigated the dose–response relationship of resistant starch type 2 (RS2; Hi-maize 260; 0–15 g/L) on gut microbial composition, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)/gas output, and tryptophan catabolism using an in v...

This review discusses the potential of targeting the kynurenine pathway (KP) in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The KP, responsible for the catabolism of the amino acid tryptophan (TRP), produces metabolites that regulate various physiologica...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced social interactions, impaired communication, and stereotyped behavior. The aim of this research is to investigate the changes in serotonin (5-HT) in the medial p...

In mammals, amino acid metabolism has evolved to act as a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of inflammatory arthropathy sustained by autoimmune responses. We examine here the...

Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is one of the key tryptophan-catabolizing enzymes with immunoregulatory properties in cancer. Contrary to expectation, clinical trials showed that inhibitors of the ubiquitously expressed enzyme, indoleamine-2,3-dioxy...