This work reviews physical concepts, technologies and applications of time-domain diffuse optics based on time-gated single-photon detection. This particular photon detection strategy is of the utmost importance in the diffuse optics field as it unle...
Using a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) as a receiver in an optical wireless communications (OWC) system can effectively expand the transmission distance. However, the performance of the SPAD receiver is usually affected with the bit error rate...
Here, we report a long-lived ms time scale decay luminescing in the near infrared >800 nm present in productions of ‘white’ colourless, facetted yttrium stabilized cubic zirconia and observed using time-gated imaging. The spectrum of the strong lu...
Being ready-to-detect over a certain portion of time makes the time-gated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) an attractive candidate for low-noise photon-counting applications. A careful SPAD noise and performance characterization, however, is crit...
We report a computed tomography (CT) technique for mapping near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) lifetime as a multiplex three-dimensional (3D) imaging method, using a conventional NIR camera. This method is achieved by using a time-gated system composed...
Many medical imaging techniques use some form of ionizing radiation. This radiation is not only potentially harmful for the patient, but also for the medical personnel. An alternative imaging technique uses near-infrared (NIR) emitting luminescent pa...
Most lidars used for cloud observations have the range resolution of about 10 m, so they are incapable of resolving submeter-scale processes that are crucial to cloud evolution. This article describes a prototype of a ground-based, vertically pointin...
Raman spectroscopy, a non-destructive reference technique, is used in heritage science to directly identify materials like pigments, minerals, or binding media. However, depending on the material, the laser source can induce a strong fluorescence sig...
Time-gating of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) was commonly used as a method to reduce dark noise in biomedical imaging applications where photon events are correlated with a reference clock. Time-gating was also used to obtain timing informat...
Raman spectroscopy is capable of precisely identifying and analyzing the composition and properties of samples collected from the lunar surface, providing crucial data support for lunar scientific research. However, in situ Raman spectroscopy on the...
We describe simple direct conjugation of a single TEGylated Europium chelate to DNA that binds to intracellular rRNA and is then detected using a homogeneous luminescent in situ hybridisation (LISH) technique. As a proof-of-principle, Staphylococcus ...
This paper presents a measurement technique and system for the contactless interrogation of capacitive sensors via electromagnetic coupling. The interrogation unit employs a primary coil to periodically excite the capacitive sensor connected to a sec...
This paper reviews the state of the art of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensors for time-resolved imaging. The focus of the paper is on pixel architectures featuring small pixel size (<25 μm) and high fill factor (>20%) as a key e...
Due to the unique advantages of two-photon technology and time-resolved imaging technology in the biomedical field, attention has been paid to them. Gold clusters possess excellent physicochemical properties and low biotoxicity, which make them great...
Direct time-of-flight (DTOF) is a prominent depth sensing method in light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications. Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays integrated in DTOF sensors have demonstrated excellent ranging and 3D imaging capabiliti...
Time-gated fluorescence measurement (TGFM) using long-life fluorescence probes is a highly sensitive fluorescence-measurement technology due to the inherently high signal-to-background ratio. Although many probes for TGFM such as luminescent-metal-co...
Besides the typical short-lived fluorescence with decay times in the nanosecond range, colloidal II/VI semiconductor nanoparticles dispersed in buffer also possess a long-lived fluorescence component with decay times in the microsecond range. Here, t...
A passive flexible patch for human skin temperature measurement based on contact sensing and contactless interrogation is presented. The patch acts as an RLC resonant circuit embedding an inductive copper coil for magnetic coupling, a ceramic capacit...
Fluorescence spectroscopy has become a prominent research tool with wide applications in medical diagnostics and bio-imaging. However, the realization of combined high-performance, portable, and low-cost spectroscopic sensors still remains a challeng...
This work reports the biological toxicity of nano plastic particles (NPs) to silkworms fed on the bait dopped with polystyrene encapsulated luminescent nanoparticles. The processes of NPs intake and excretion were monitored by means of time-gated opt...
The paper concerns research on electronics-embedded safety systems. The authors focus on the optimization of the energy consumed by multitasking real-time systems. A new flexible and reconfigurable multi-core architecture based on pipeline processing...
The efficient intraoperative identification of cancers requires the development of the bright, minimally-toxic, tumor-specific near-infrared (NIR) probes as contrast agents. Luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offer several unique advantages...
Time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy with the o-BMVC fluorescent probe provides a visualizing method for the study of exogenous G-quadruplexes (G4s) in live cancer cells. Previously, imaging results showed that the parallel G4s are acc...
The integration of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) into homogeneous Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) immunoassay kits for clinical diagnostics can provide significant advantages concerning multiplexing and sensitivity. Here we present a faci...
During humanitarian crises, social media generates over 30 million multimodal tweets daily, but 20% textual noise, 40% cross-modal misalignment, and severe class imbalance (4.1% rare classes) hinder effective classification. This study presents CLIP-...
The advance of laser-driven neutron sources (LDNSs) has enabled neutron resonance spectroscopy to be performed with a single shot of a laser. In this study, we describe a detection system of epithermal (∼eV) neutrons especially designed for neutr...
Sensor fusion is crucial in numerous imaging and sensing applications. Integrating data from multiple sensors with different field-of-view, resolution, and frame timing poses substantial computational overhead. Time-gated single-photon avalanche diod...
Fast gating in Raman spectroscopy is used to reject the fluorescence contribution from the sample and/or the substrate. Several techniques have been set up in the last few decades aiming either to enhance the Raman signal (CARS, SERS or Resonant Rama...
The detection of peaks shifts in Raman spectroscopy enables a fingerprint reconstruction to discriminate among molecules with neither labelling nor sample preparation. Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy is an effective technique to reject the strong fl...
Numerical simulations are performed to determine the angular dependence of the MIe scattering cross-section intensities of pure water droplets and pollutants such as contaminated water droplets and black carbon as a function of the wavelength of the...
In alpine skiing, intermediate times are usually measured with photocells. However, for practical reasons, the number of intermediate cells is limited to three–four, making a detailed timing analysis difficult. In this paper, we propose and validate...
Raman spectroscopy is a type of inelastic scattering that provides rich information about a substance based on the coupling of the energy levels of their vibrational and rotational modes with an incident light. It has been applied extensively in many...
Pharmaceutical proteins, compared to small molecular weight drugs, are relatively fragile molecules, thus necessitating monitoring protein unfolding and aggregation during production and post-marketing. Currently, many analytical techniques take offl...
This paper presents an adaptive dead-time control circuit for a maximum work frequency 20 MHz, maximum voltage level 90 V GaN gate driver. The dead-time is set to prevent straight-through of the upper and lower power transistors of the bridge arm str...
Time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer (TG-FRET) between Tb complexes and luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) provides highly advantageous photophysical properties for multiplexed biosensing. Multiplexed Tb-to-QD FRET immunoassays...
The field of view (FOV)-gated optical imaging system can relieve the contradiction between a wide FOV and the effective suppression of sky background radiation, making it particularly suitable for all-time star sensors. The detection capability of th...
This paper presents a time-of-flight image sensor based on 8-Tap P-N junction demodulator (PND) pixels, which is designed for hybrid-type short-pulse (SP)-based ToF measurements under strong ambient light. The 8-tap demodulator implemented with multi...
This paper presents a time-to-digital converter (TDC) based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) with a tapped delay line (TDL) architecture. This converter employs dual delay lines (DDLs) to enable real-time calibrations, and the proposed DDL-T...
The intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD), known for its exceptional low-light detection performance and time-gating capability, has been widely applied in remote Raman spectroscopy systems. However, existing ICCDs face significant challenges in m...
Time series forecasting has played an important role in different industries, including economics, energy, weather, and healthcare. RNN-based methods have shown promising potential due to their strong ability to model the interaction of time and vari...
Accurate simulation of rainfall–runoff processes in mountainous catchments is essential for flood forecasting and water resource management. Traditional physically based models often suffer from structural rigidity and parameter uncertainty, wh...
A fundamental aspect in the evolution of Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) implemented within Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), given the increasing demand for detection channels, is the optimization of resource utilization. This study reviews...
In multivariate and multistep time series prediction research, we often face the problems of insufficient spatial feature extraction and insufficient time-dependent mining of historical series data, which also brings great challenges to multivariate...
It is shown that the integration of a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) together with a BiCMOS gating circuit on one chip reduces the parasitic capacitance a lot and therefore reduces the avalanche build-up time. The capacitance of two bondpads, w...
The design of a direct time-of-flight complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (dToF-CIS) based on a single-photon avalanche-diode (SPAD) array with an in-pixel time-to-digital converter (TDC) must contemplate system-level aspects...
Real-Time Digital Simulation (RTDS) is a powerful tool in modeling and analyzing electrical and drive systems because it provides an efficient and accurate process. There are several hardware devices for this type of simulation; however, their high c...
Floods are a sudden and influential natural disaster, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can image the Earth’s surface almost independently of time and weather conditions, making it particularly suitable for extracting flood ranges in time. Pla...
A technique and electronic circuit for contactless electromagnetic interrogation of piezoelectric micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) resonator sensors are proposed. The adopted resonator is an aluminum-nitride (AlN) thin-film piezoelectric-on-sili...
This paper presents a practical method of receiving waves having orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the far field of an antenna transmitting multiple OAM modes, each carrying a separate data stream at the same radio frequency (RF). The OAM modes are m...
Mesh-based Monte Carlo techniques for optical imaging allow for accurate modeling of light propagation in complex biological tissues. Recently, they have been developed within an efficient computational framework to be used as a forward model in opti...
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