438 Results Found

A phenotype is the composite of an observable expression of a genome for traits in a given environment. The trajectories of phenotypes computed from an image sequence and timing of important events in a plant’s life cycle can be viewed as tempo...

Non-destructive plant stress phenotyping begins with traditional one-dimensional (1D) spectroscopy, followed by two-dimensional (2D) imaging, three-dimensional (3D) or even temporal-three-dimensional (T-3D), spectral-three-dimensional (S-3D), and tem...

Unoccupied aerial system (UAS; i.e., drone equipped with sensors) field-based high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) platforms are used to collect high quality images of plant nurseries to screen genetic materials (e.g., hybrids and inbreds) throughout pl...

Neuroinflammation is considered a key pathological process in neurodegenerative diseases of aging, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Many studies have defined phenotypes of reactive microglia, the brain-resident macrophages, with different an...

Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of drug-resistant epilepsy, often associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS), which involves selective neuronal loss in the Cornu Ammonis subregion 1 CA1 and CA4 regions of the hippocam...

While astrocyte heterogeneity is an important feature of the healthy brain, less is understood about spatiotemporal heterogeneity of astrocytes in brain disease. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused b...

Phenology in perennial plants implies the temporal occurrence of biological events throughout the year. Heritable phenotypic plasticity in the timing of the phenophases can be of importance in the adaptation of woody species to a quickly changing env...

Aboveground dry weight (AGDW) and leaf area index (LAI) are indicators of crop growth status and grain yield as affected by interactions of genotype, environment, and management. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based remote sensing provides cost-effect...

Plant phenotyping deals with the metrological acquisition of plants in order to investigate the impact of environmental factors and a plant’s genotype on its appearance. Phenotyping methods that are used as standard in crop science are often invasive...

No precision medicine models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and associated mental comorbidities have been developed to date. This observational study aimed to develop a precision nomothetic, data-driven comorbid TLE model with endophenotype classes...

Maize (Zea mays L.) has been shown to be sensitive to temperature deviations, influencing its yield potential. The development of new maize hybrids resilient to unfavourable weather is a desirable aim for crop breeders. In this paper, we showcase the...

Spatio–temporal determination of phenotypic traits, such as height, leaf angles, and leaf area, is important for the understanding of crop growth and development in modern agriculture and crop science. Measurements of these parameters for indiv...

Rapid and accurate phenotypic screening of rice germplasms is crucial for identifying potential sources of rice sheath blight resistance. However, visual and/or caliper-based estimations of coalescing, necrotic, diseased lesions of rice sheath blight...

The last five decades (since 1980) have witnessed the introduction of exotic trees as a popular practice in India to fulfill the demand of forest-based products for utilization in afforestation programmes. This study examines the distribution and hab...

Forming a habit of practicing mindfulness meditation around the same time of day is one strategy that may support long-term maintenance and in turn improve physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to identify common patterns in the t...

To increase the understanding of how the plant phenotype is formed by genotype and environmental interactions, simple and robust high-throughput plant phenotyping methods should be developed and considered. This would not only broaden the application...

Plant growth analysis provides insight regarding the variation behind yield differences in tested genotypes for plant breeders, but adopting this application solely for traditional plant phenotyping remains challenging. Here, we propose a procedure o...

Advancements in phenotyping technologies, including object imaging, high-throughput monitoring, and soft computing, are pivotal for understanding plant responses to environmental stresses. These technologies enable detailed analyses of morphological,...

CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) is caused by NOTCH3 mutations affecting the number of cysteines. The pathogenic role of cysteine-sparing NOTCH3 mutations with typical clinical CADAS...

T cell phenotypes and kinetics are emerging as crucial factors associated with immunotherapeutic responses in a wide range of solid cancer types. However, challenges remain in understanding the spatial and temporal profiles of T cells with differenti...

Phenotypic health effects, both positive and negative, have been well studied in association with the consumption of alcohol in humans as well as several other mammals including mice. Many studies have also associated these same health effects and ph...

Background: Acute myocardial infarctions are deadly to patients and burdensome to healthcare systems. Most recorded infarctions are patients’ first, occur out of the hospital, and often are not accompanied by cardiac comorbidities. The clinical...

The proper regulation of RNA processing is critical for muscle development and the fine-tuning of contractile ability among muscle fiber-types. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the diverse steps in RNA processing, including alternative splicing,...

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular and choroidal thicknesses in women with different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and compare these measurements with those of healthy w...

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by muscle atrophy and progressive paralysis. In addition to the classical ALS affecting both the upper and lower motoneurons (UMN and LMN), other...

High-throughput plant phenotyping in controlled environments (growth chambers and glasshouses) is often delivered via large, expensive installations, leading to limited access and the increased relevance of “affordable phenotyping” soluti...

Imaging and genetic studies have characterized biological risk factors contributing to specific reading disability (SRD). The current study aimed to apply this literature to a family of twins discordant for SRD and an older sibling with reading diffi...

Increased incidence rates of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been recently reported across various Western countries, although geographic and temporal variations in terms of incidence, clinical features and genetics are not fully elucidated....

Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) comprise a broad range of perennial woody species. Introgression of native species into cultivated germplasm has adapted Vaccinium germplasm to a range of climates and growing conditions for cultivated blueberry. Genetic...

Quinoa is a crop originating in the Andes but grown more widely and with the genetic potential for significant further expansion. Due to the phenotypic plasticity of quinoa, varieties need to be assessed across years and multiple locations. To improv...

Plant phenotyping has been widely studied as an effective and powerful tool for analyzing crop status and growth. However, the traditional phenotyping (i.e., manual) is time-consuming and laborious, and the various types of growing structures and lim...

Background: Cognitive frailty and impairment are phenotypically and pathophysiologically correlated with physical frailty. We examined associations between accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain as a brain imaging biomarker and phenotypes of physical...

The neonatal mammalian heart exhibits a remarkable regenerative potential, which includes fibrotic scar resolution and the generation of new cardiomyocytes. To investigate the mechanisms facilitating heart repair after apical resection in neonatal mi...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by differences in social interaction, repetitive behaviors, restricted interests, and sensory differences beginning early in life. Especially sensory sympt...

The vegetative life cycle in the model filamentous fungus, Neurospora crassa, relies on the development of conidiophores to produce new spores. Environmental, temporal, and genetic components of conidiophore development have been well characterized;...

Sex development is a very complex biological event that requires the concerted collaboration of a large network of genes in a spatial and temporal correct fashion. In the past, much has been learned about human sex development from monogenic disorder...

High throughput phenotyping (HTP) for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stay green (SG) is expected in field breeding as SG is a beneficial phenotype for wheat high yield and environment adaptability. The RGB and multispectral imaging based on the unmanne...

Injury to the peripheral or central nervous systems often results in extensive loss of motor and sensory function that can greatly diminish quality of life. In both cases, macrophage infiltration into the injury site plays an integral role in the hos...

Cell function can be directly influenced by the mechanical and structural properties of the extracellular environment. In particular, cell morphology and phenotype can be regulated via the modulation of both the stiffness and surface topography of ce...

Many cancer cell lines are aneuploid and heterogeneous, with multiple karyotypes co-existing within the same cell line. Karyotype heterogeneity has been shown to manifest phenotypically, thus affecting how cells respond to drugs or to minor differenc...

Central serous chorioretinopathy is characterized by an idiopathic neurosensory detachment of the retina. This narrative review aims to discuss the classification system used for central serous chorioretinopathy. Based on our current knowledge, there...

Efficiently managing agricultural systems necessitates accurate data collection from crops to examine phenotypic characteristics and improve productivity. Traditional data collection processes for specialty horticultural crops are often subjective, l...

The differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells toward a neural phenotype by small molecules has been a vogue topic in the last decade. The characterization of the produced cells has been explored on a broad scale, examining morphological and...

In this study, we propose a scalable deep learning approach to automated phenotyping using UAV multispectral imagery, exemplified by yellow rust detection in winter wheat. We adopt a high-granularity scoring method (1 to 9 scale) to align with intern...

Irrespective of the heuristic value of interpretations of developmental processes in terms of gene regulatory networks (GRNs), larger-angle views often suffer from: (i) an inadequate understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype; (...

There is a growing need to increase global crop yields, whilst minimising use of resources such as land, fertilisers and water. Agricultural researchers use ground-based observations to identify, select and develop crops with favourable genotypes and...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are widely used to infer the genetic basis of traits in organisms; however, selecting appropriate thresholds for analysis remains a significant challenge. In this study, we introduce the Sequential SNP Prioritiz...

Since the introduction of the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), immunotherapy has changed the landscape of molecular therapeutics for cancers. However, ICIs do not work equally well on all cancers and for all patients. There has been a growing...

Background: Autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 51 (MIM #617788) is caused by pathogenic variants in KMT5B, a histone methyltransferase essential for transcriptional repression and central nervous system development. The disorder m...

Crop phenotype detection is a precise way to understand and predict the growth of horticultural seedlings in the smart agriculture era to increase the cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency of agricultural production. Crop phenotype detection requi...