Electrical double-layer (EDL) synaptic transistors based on organic materials exhibit low thermal and chemical stability and are thus incompatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes involving high-temperature operations. Th...
Early cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s (AD) is associated with quantifiable structural and functional connectivity changes in the brain. AD dysregulation of Aβ and tau metabolism progressively disrupt normal synaptic function...
In recent decades, traditional eating habits have been replaced by a more globalized diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and simple sugars. Extensive evidence shows that these dietary factors contribute to cognitive health impairment as well as incre...
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is crucial to the maintenance of neuronal integrity and function. As the contact sites between neurons, synapses rely heavily on precisely regulated protein-protein interactions to support synaptic transmission and...
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) include diverse neuropathologies characterized by abnormal brain development leading to impaired cognition, communication and social skills. A common feature of NDDs is defective synaptic plasticity, but the underl...
This study investigated the anti-amnesic effects of Lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri) MG4247 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) MG4644 in amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced mice. We confirmed that oral administration of L. gasseri MG4247 an...
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which contains heavy metals such as Al, Fe, Mg, and Mn, among others, induces cognitive dysfunction through oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and impaired mitochondria. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effe...
Due to the success of the first Special Issue on synaptic plasticity, I endeavored to promote a new Special Issue with an emphasis on dynamic changes in neuronal functions and physiological and pathological processes [...]
The metabolic dysfunctions induced by high fat diet (HFD) consumption are not limited to organs involved in energy metabolism but cause also a chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that affects the whole body including the central nervous system. T...
Cerebral ischemia and its sequelae, which include memory impairment, constitute a leading cause of disability worldwide. Micro-RNAs (miRNA) are evolutionarily conserved short-length/noncoding RNA molecules recently implicated in adaptive/maladaptive...
This paper investigates the bipolar resistive switching and synaptic characteristics of IZO single-layer and IZO/SiO2 bilayer two-terminal memory devices. The chemical properties and structure of the device with a SiO2 layer are confirmed by x-ray ph...
Natural organic materials such as protein and carbohydrates are abundant in nature, renewable, and biodegradable, desirable for the construction of artificial synaptic devices for emerging neuromorphic computing systems with energy efficient operatio...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the progressive decline of cognitive functions, and is closely associated with the dysfunction of synapses, which comprise the basic structure th...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelinating white matter lesions and neurodegeneration, with a variable clinical course. Brain network architecture provides efficient in...
Depression is a psychiatric disorder that presents with a persistent depressed mood as the main clinical feature and is accompanied by cognitive impairment. Changes in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis greatly affect depression. Without genetic change...
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as a pivotal gaseous transmitter in the central nervous system, influencing synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory by modulating various molecular pathways. This review examines recent evidence regarding how H2S...
Background: α2δ proteins regulate membrane trafficking and biophysical properties of voltage-gated calcium channels. Moreover, they modulate axonal wiring, synapse formation, and trans-synaptic signaling. Several rare missense variants in...
We study the asymptotic law of a network of interacting neurons when the number of neurons becomes infinite. Given a completely connected network of neurons in which the synaptic weights are Gaussian correlated random variables, we describe the asymp...
Psychiatric disorders represent a heterogeneous class of multifactorial mental diseases whose origin entails a pathogenic integration of genetic and environmental influences. Incidence of these pathologies is dangerously high, as more than 20% of the...
The Fisher information constitutes a natural measure for the sensitivity of a probability distribution with respect to a set of parameters. An implementation of the stationarity principle for synaptic learning in terms of the Fisher information resul...
Modern societies use a continuously growing number of chemicals. Because these are released into the environment and are taken up by humans, rigorous (but practicable) risk assessment must precede the approval of new substances for commerce. A number...
Oxide electrolyte-gated transistors have shown the ability to emulate various synaptic functions, but they still require a high gate voltage to form long-term plasticity. Here, we studied electrolyte-gated transistors based on InOx with tungsten dopi...
Cognitive maps and spatial memory are fundamental paradigms of brain functioning. Here, we present a spiking neural network (SNN) capable of generating an internal representation of the external environment and implementing spatial memory. The SNN in...
DNA connects the domains of genetic regulation and environmental interactions and plays a crucial role in neural development and cognitive function. The complex roles of genetic and epigenetic processes in brain development, synaptic plasticity, and...
Alzheimer’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders are associated with progressive cognitive decline, primarily driven by cholinergic dysfunction and impaired synaptic signaling. Hericium erinaceus, also known as lion’s mane mush...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid beta (aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, along with progressive deterioration of cognitive function. AD is the most com...
Glutamate delta 1 receptor (GluD1) has various functional roles in the brain, such as high-frequency hearing, synapse formation and maintenance, and regulation of cognition disorders and neurodevelopmental disease. However, the underlying molecular m...
Alzheimer’s disease is driven by converging pathological processes, including amyloid-β accumulation, tau dysfunction, synaptic failure, and chronic neuroinflammation, which emerge decades before clinical onset. Growing evidence supports t...
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have emerged as a significant global health crisis, disproportionately affecting the aging population. As longevity increases, the incidence, healthcare costs, and caregiver burden associated with NDs are escalating a...
Microgravity exposure during spaceflight has been linked to cognitive impairments, including deficits in attention, executive function, and spatial memory. Both space missions and ground-based analogs—such as head-down bed rest, dry immersion,...
Traditional Chinese medicine has been practiced for centuries in East Asia. Herbs are used to maintain health and cure disease. Certain Chinese herbs are known to protect and improve the brain, memory, and nervous system. To apply ancient knowledge t...
The human brain has hundreds of billions of neurons and at least 7 million dendrites have been hypothesized to exist for each neuron, with over 100 trillion neuron–neuron, neuron–muscle, and neuron–endocrine cell synapses [...]
Background: This study examined the impact of apolipoprotein ɛ4 (APOEɛ4) allele frequency and sex on the phenotype of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: This post hoc study evaluated the baseline characteristics, cerebrospinal fluid (...
Evidence is now growing that exposure to environmental pollutants during the critical early-life period of brain development may contribute to the emergence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study seeks to compare the developmental neurotoxici...
Research into the early impacts of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) on synapse function is one of the most promising approaches to finding a treatment. In this context, we have recently demonstrated that the Abeta42 peptide, which builds up in the brai...
Light sheet microscopy in live cells requires minimal excitation intensity and resolves three-dimensional (3D) information rapidly. Lattice light sheet microscopy (LLSM) works similarly but uses a lattice configuration of Bessel beams to generate a f...
Phytomedicine based natural flavonoids have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities against neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the potent neuroprotective and antioxidant potential...
Mechanisms underlying seizures and epilepsy have traditionally been considered to involve abnormalities of ion channels or synaptic function. Those considerations gave rise to the excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance theory, whereby increased excita...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia worldwide. Emerging non-invasive treatments such as photobiomodulation target the mitochondria to minimize brain damage, improving cognitive functions. In this work, an experimental design...
One of the most studied nanocarriers for drug delivery are polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. However, the alterations produced by PAMAM dendrimers in neuronal function have not been thoroughly investigated, and important aspects such as effects on s...
Garlic has been used for decades as an important food and additionally for its beneficial properties in terms of nutrition and ancestral therapeutics. In this work, we compare the properties of fresh (WG) and aged (BG) extract obtained from elephant...
Ca2+ homeostasis is essential for multiple neuronal functions and thus, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis can lead to widespread impairment of cellular and synaptic signaling, subsequently contributing to dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While numerous...
As the average age of the population increases, memory impairment has become an increasingly prevalent issue. This study investigates the effects of 14 days of oral birch sap administration on memory functions in healthy rats using the Morris water m...
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite high heritability estimates, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have failed to find significant genetic associations, li...
Fatty acids (FAs) are essential components of the central nervous system (CNS), where they exert multiple roles in health and disease. Among the FAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been widely recognized as a key molecule for neuronal function and ce...
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors. Recent research has increasingly focused on the genetic underpinnings of ASD, with the Neu...
In addition to being a steroid hormone, 17β-estradiol (E2) is also a neurosteroid produced in neurons in various regions of the brain of many species, including humans. Neuron-derived E2 (NDE2) is synthesized from androgen precursors via the act...
Tropomyosin (Tpm) has been regarded as the master regulator of actin dynamics. Tpms regulate the binding of the various proteins involved in restructuring actin. The actin cytoskeleton is the predominant cytoskeletal structure in dendritic spines. It...
Background: Recent studies have highlighted the neuroprotective effects of polyphenols, particularly their role in enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activity. This study aimed to evalu...
Adenosine receptors mainly control synaptic function, and excessive activation of adenosine receptors may worsen the onset of many neurological disorders. Accordingly, the regular intake of moderate doses of caffeine antagonizes adenosine receptors a...
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