170 Results Found

This study aimed to develop prediction equations for maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂max) based on non-exercise (anthropometric) and submaximal exercise (anthropometric and physiological) variables in paraplegic men with a spinal cord injury. All participa...

Introduction: The submaximal exercise test (SET), which gives both a measure of exercise tolerance, as well as disease severity, should be a more robust functional and prognostic marker than the six-minute walk test (6MWT). This study aimed to determ...

Adults with long COVID often report intolerance to exercise. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has been used in many settings to measure exercise ability but has been conducted in a few long COVID cohorts. We conducted CPET in a sample of adult...

Cardiopulmonary function is usually assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) using a cycle ergometer (CE-CPX) or a treadmill, which is difficult in patients with lower extremity motor dysfunction. A stepping and handshaking (SHS) exercise h...

The aim of the study was to develop a simple submaximal walk test protocol and equation using heart rate (HR) response variables to predict maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max). A total of 60 healthy adults were recruited to test the validity of 3 min...

Physical activity has been shown to influence ocular health, yet the acute effects of exercise on retinal and choroidal structures remain underexplored. This prospective pre-post study evaluated 30 low-fit adults without diagnosed cardiovascular dise...

Due to limited accessibility, direct measurement of VO₂max is rarely performed in clinical settings or sports centers. As a result, regression equations have been developed and are currently used during exercise tests to provide an indirect estimatio...

The effects of iron deficiency (ID) have been widely studied in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. On the other hand, studies in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are few and have included small numbers of participants. The...

The purpose of this study was to investigate if prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation during incremental exercise is altered among cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients who completed 6 weeks of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Nineteen (male...

Maximum aerobic capacity (MAC) helps in physical work capacity evaluation. In practice, the construction jobs are designed using the standard treadmill or ergometer MAC value, which is inappropriate and leads to injuries. According to NIOSH, the aver...

The COVID-19 is a multiorgan disease that appeared in December 2019 in the Chinese province of Wuhan. It produces various clinical manifestations, although it mainly affects the respiratory system. Given these potentially detrimental long-term conseq...

The purpose of this research was to develop the 3 min incremental step-in-place (3MISP) test for predicting maximal oxygen uptake ($\stackrel{.}{\mathrm{V}}$O_2max). A total of 205 adults (20–64 years) completed the 3MISP and $\stackrel{.}{\mathrm{V}}$O_2max tests. Using age, gender, body compositio...

We investigated physiological responses and exercise capacity in sedentary young smokers during sub-maximal and maximal test and its impact on dyspnea and exercise intolerance. Fifty sedentary male smokers and non-smokers (age: 24 ± 1 years.,...

During the last decades, the number of lowland children exposed to high altitude (HA) has increased drastically. Several factors may influence the development of illness after acute HA exposure on children and adolescent populations, such as altitude...

Background/Objectives: Children with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) often exhibit lower levels of physical activity, but whether chronic cyanosis exposure is associated with activity participation is unclear. This cross-sectional study invest...

Background: the aim of this study was to assess acute changes in left atrial (LA) function during incremental aerobic exercise in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) in comparison to healthy subjects (HS). Metho...

The jugular venous pulse (JVP) is a one of the crucial parameters of efficient cardiovascular function. Nowadays, limited data are available regarding the response of JVP to exercise because of its complex and/or invasive assessment procedure. The ai...

Chlorella supplementation is reported to improve ${\dot{\mathrm{V}}\mathrm{O}}_{2\max }$ following extended supplementation periods (~3 weeks). However, there is little research on its impact over submaximal exercise intensities and following shorter supplementation regimens....

Background: Leukemia is the most common cancer in pediatrics, with many late effects such as higher risk of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The objective of this work was to investigate substrate oxidation during su...

Ginseng, a popular herbal supplement among athletes, is believed to enhance exercise capacity and performance. This study investigated the short-term effects of Panax ginseng extract (PG) on aerobic capacity, lipid profile, and cytokines. In a 14-day...

Equine asthma is a common cause of poor performance, but little is known about its impact on submaximal exercise. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of equine asthma and potential confounding factors on recovery of respiratory r...

This study’s aim was to assess FreeStyle Libre Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) performance during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and treadmill exercise in healthy adolescents. This should advance the feasibility and utility of user-friend...

The efficacy of pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract (PE) for improving performance and post-exercise recovery in an active population was equivocal in previous studies. In this study, a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, balanced, cros...

The impact of exercise-specific face masks (ESFMs) in aerobically fit individuals on physiological, perceptual, respiratory, and performance responses remains unclear. How ESFMs mitigate exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is also unknown. Thu...

Background: In physical activity, testing procedures generally require maximal efforts. They are not always administrable or appropriate (e.g., with beginners, elderly, or in school); therefore, alternative submaximal procedures might be more fitting...

Muscle strength assessment is fundamental to track the progress of performance and prescribe correct exercise intensity. In field settings, simple tests are preferred. This study develops equations to estimate maximal muscle strength in upper- and lo...

Duration is a rarely investigated marker of exercise prescription. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of the methodological approach, assessing effects of different duration constant-load exercise (CLE) on physiological responses (inte...

Aim: Our previous studies have shown that the post-exercise urine lactate concentration is a reliable exercise biomarker under controlled post-exercise hydration conditions. However, the reliability of the urine lactate concentration has been examine...

Background: Caffeine is widely used as an ergogenic aid to enhance strength performance; however, its effects on perceptual accuracy during submaximal force regulation remain unclear, particularly in multi-joint isometric tasks. This study examined w...

Background: The incremental exercise test is commonly used to measure maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), but an additional verification test is often recommended as the “gold standard” to confirm the true VO₂max. Therefore, the aim of this s...

Patients recovering from COVID-19 commonly report persistence of dyspnea, exertional fatigue, and difficulties in carrying out their daily activities. However, the nature of these symptoms is still unknown. The purpose of the study was to identify li...

Electrocardiograms (ECGs), and associated heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) measurements, are essential in assessing equine cardiovascular health and fitness. Smart textiles have gained popularity, but limited validation work has been...

Previous studies have shown tart cherry (TC) to improve exercise performance in normoxia. The effect of TC on hypoxic exercise performance is unknown. This study investigated the effects of 5 days of tart cherry (TC) or placebo (PL) supplementation o...

Background: Previous studies have experimentally investigated and simulated the effects of dynamic hyperinflation on respiratory system resistance variables in populations with different respiratory diseases. However, the acute effects of exercise on...

Background: Combined cognitive and exercise training improves exercise endurance, including submaximal muscular endurance. Its effects on maximal muscular strength have yet to be determined. Accordingly, we tested the effects of combined training on...

Ten physically active subjects underwent two cycling exercise trials. In the first, aerobic capacity (VO_2max) was determined and the second was a 45 min submaximal exercise test. Urine samples were collected separately the day before (day 1) , the da...

Background: This study aimed to test the validity of three different submaximal tests (i.e., 3-min step test with 20.3-cm step box height (3MST₂₀), 3-min step test with 30-cm step box height (3MST₃₀), and 6-min walk test (6MWT)) in estimating maximal...

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a common end point for patients with coronary artery disease and it is characterized by exercise intolerance due, in part, to a reduction in cardiac output. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a vital role...

The purpose of the study was (1) to investigate the effects of regular long-term circuit training (once per week) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in sedentary adults and (2) to compare training progress with the effects of continued exercise parti...

Background/Objectives: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with an intense impact on health worldwide. Among the sequelae, it became necessary to clarify respiratory impairment related to lung function and aerobic capacity, as...

Although the beneficial role of exercise for health is widely recognized, it is not clear to what extent the acute physiological responses (e.g., heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO₂)) to a graded exercise test are influenced by nutritional status...

Introduction: The contribution of chronotropic incompetence to reduced exercise tolerance after a heart transplant is well known, but its role as a prognostic marker of post-transplant mortality is unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the rel...

Research on the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on exercise performance is inconsistent. IMT has not been applied to fit child athletes, who are more likely to develop inspiratory muscle fatigue, and, consequently, to benefit from IMT. Me...

The influence of a series of ten sauna baths (MPHA) on thermophysiological and selected hematological responses in 14 elite cross-country skiers to a submaximal endurance exercise test performed under thermoneutral environmental conditions was studie...

Exercise is a front-line intervention to increase functional capacity and reduce pain and disability in people with low strength levels or disorders. However, there is a lack of validated field-based tests to check the initial status and, more import...

The neurotoxic effects of ozone exposure are related to neuroinflammation and increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study aimed to assess inflammation, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), and cognition in healthy male cyclists follow...

Frequent changes in altitude and oxygen levels limit the practical application of traditionally derived exercise thresholds or training zones based on heart rate (HR) or blood lactate concentration (bLa). We investigated the transferability of a musc...

Despite efforts of veterinarians and breeders, brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) is still a common problem in pugs, underlining the need for objective tests to identify and prevent breeding with affected dogs. In the current study, a...

Preconditioning is often used in medicine to protect organs from ischemic damage and in athletes to enhance the performances. We tested whether low-dose ammonium preconditioning (AMP) could have a beneficial effect on physical exercises (PE). We used...

Many people recovering from an acute episode of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) experience prolonged symptoms. Exercise testing is a feasible and cost-effective option for assessing exercise tolerance, fatigue, and dyspnea related to effort. Being tha...