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1,804 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
85 Citations
8,485 Views
17 Pages

24 January 2019

Change detection is one of the most important applications in the remote sensing domain. More and more attention is focused on deep neural network based change detection methods. However, many deep neural networks based methods did not take both the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hyperspectral Imagery Intelligent Processing for Coastal Environmental Studies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
5,796 Views
20 Pages

22 August 2019

Spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral images (HSIs) has recently attracted great attention in the research domain of remote sensing. It is well-known that, in remote sensing applications, spectral features are the fundamental information a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Robust Multispectral/Hyperspectral Image Analysis and Classification)
  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
4,827 Views
15 Pages

Linear vs. Nonlinear Extreme Learning Machine for Spectral-Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Images

  • Faxian Cao,
  • Zhijing Yang,
  • Jinchang Ren,
  • Mengying Jiang and
  • Wing-Kuen Ling

13 November 2017

As a new machine learning approach, the extreme learning machine (ELM) has received much attention due to its good performance. However, when directly applied to hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, the recognition rate is low. This is because E...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,475 Views
26 Pages

17 October 2016

During the acquisition process hyperspectral images (HSI) are inevitably corrupted by various noises, which greatly influence their visual impression and subsequent applications. In this paper, a novel Bayesian approach integrating hierarchical spars...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
245 Citations
14,662 Views
20 Pages

19 June 2014

Extreme learning machine (ELM) is a single-layer feedforward neural network based classifier that has attracted significant attention in computer vision and pattern recognition due to its fast learning speed and strong generalization. In this paper,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,079 Views
21 Pages

21 August 2022

Recently, with the rapid development of deep learning (DL), an increasing number of DL-based methods are applied in pansharpening. Benefiting from the powerful feature extraction capability of deep learning, DL-based methods have achieved state-of-th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence-Based Learning Approaches for Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
6,010 Views
27 Pages

3 November 2023

Remote sensing data has been widely used for various Earth Observation (EO) missions such as land use and cover classification, weather forecasting, agricultural management, and environmental monitoring. Most existing remote-sensing-data-based models...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Emerging Trends and Applications of Big Data and Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Remote Sensing II)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,052 Views
29 Pages

1 October 2025

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems often suffer from complex noise degradation during the imaging process, significantly impacting downstream applications. Deep learning-based methods, though effective, rely on impractical paired training data, whil...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,586 Views
18 Pages

SSML: Spectral-Spatial Mutual-Learning-Based Framework for Hyperspectral Pansharpening

  • Xianlin Peng,
  • Yihao Fu,
  • Shenglin Peng,
  • Kai Ma and ,
  • Lu Liu and
  • Jun Wang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

19 September 2022

This paper considers problems associated with the large size of the hyperspectral pansharpening network and difficulties associated with learning its spatial-spectral features. We propose a deep mutual-learning-based framework (SSML) for spectral-spa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing and Machine Learning of Signal and Image Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,656 Views
19 Pages

A Joint Network of Edge-Aware and Spectral–Spatial Feature Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification

  • Jianfeng Zheng,
  • Yu Sun,
  • Yuqi Hao,
  • Senlong Qin and ,
  • Cuiping Yang,
  • Jing Li and
  • Xiaodong Yu
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

20 July 2024

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is a vital part of the HSI application field. Since HSIs contain rich spectral information, it is a major challenge to effectively extract deep representation features. In existing methods, although edge data...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Image/Video Processing and Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,806 Views
14 Pages

13 August 2025

Hyperspectral image (HSI) clustering has attracted significant attention due to its broad applications in agricultural monitoring, environmental protection, and other fields. However, the integration of high-dimensional spectral and spatial informati...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
753 Views
20 Pages

Cross-domain few-shot hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is challenging due to limited labeled samples and distribution shifts across sensors and acquisition scenes, which often degrade feature representation and classification performance. Thi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Driven Image Processing: Theory, Methods, and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
8,962 Views
19 Pages

Spectral-Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Images: Three Tricks and a New Learning Setting

  • Jacopo Acquarelli,
  • Elena Marchiori,
  • Lutgarde M.C. Buydens,
  • Thanh Tran and
  • Twan Van Laarhoven

21 July 2018

Spectral-spatial classification of hyperspectral images has been the subject of many studies in recent years. When there are only a few labeled pixels for training and a skewed class label distribution, this task becomes very challenging because of t...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing Image Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
307 Citations
14,415 Views
18 Pages

19 December 2017

This paper proposes a novel deep learning framework named bidirectional-convolutional long short term memory (Bi-CLSTM) network to automatically learn the spectral-spatial features from hyperspectral images (HSIs). In the network, the issue of spectr...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing Image Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,256 Views
21 Pages

15 September 2025

With rapid advancements in transformers, the reconstruction of hyperspectral images from RGB images, also known as spectral super-resolution (SSR), has made significant breakthroughs. However, existing transformer-based methods often struggle to bala...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Information Theory to Computer Vision and Image Processing, 3rd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,416 Views
24 Pages

6 February 2021

At present many researchers pay attention to a combination of spectral features and spatial features to enhance hyperspectral image (HSI) classification accuracy. However, the spatial features in some methods are utilized insufficiently. In order to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning and Pattern Analysis in Hyperspectral Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
591 Views
30 Pages

18 May 2026

This study uses Gonjo County, Chamdo City, Tibet, as the study area and addresses the challenges of lithological complexity and low efficiency of conventional geological surveys in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. This study applies the first systema...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,924 Views
23 Pages

29 July 2022

Recently, deep learning-based classification approaches have made great progress and now dominate a wide range of applications, thanks to their Herculean discriminative feature learning ability. Despite their success, for hyperspectral data analysis,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Artificial Intelligence Algorithm for the Analysis of Remote Sensing Images)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,891 Views
24 Pages

5 July 2018

Active learning (AL) has been shown to be very effective in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. It significantly improves the performance by selecting a small quantity of the most informative training samples to reduce the complexity of classif...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing Image Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,409 Views
32 Pages

SSFAN: A Compact and Efficient Spectral-Spatial Feature Extraction and Attention-Based Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

  • Chunyang Wang,
  • Chao Zhan,
  • Bibo Lu,
  • Wei Yang and ,
  • Yingjie Zhang,
  • Gaige Wang and
  • Zongze Zhao
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

11 November 2024

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is a crucial technique that assigns each pixel in an image to a specific land cover category by leveraging both spectral and spatial information. In recent years, HSI classification methods based on convolutio...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing Image Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
396 Views
25 Pages

3 August 2026

Hyperspectral image classification (HSIC) requires a classifier to distinguish land-cover categories from densely sampled spectral signatures while preserving the spatial arrangement of local materials. Although convolutional networks, Transformer ar...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Image Processing and Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
8,348 Views
31 Pages

24 February 2017

This paper presents a hierarchical deep framework called Spectral-Spatial Response (SSR) to jointly learn spectral and spatial features of Hyperspectral Images (HSIs) by iteratively abstracting neighboringregions. SSRformsadeeparchitectureandisableto...

  • Article
  • Open Access
511 Views
23 Pages

Anchor-Level Spectral–Spatial Graph Clustering for Hyperspectral Images

  • Chaodie Liu,
  • Jianxiong Luo,
  • Fei Li,
  • Qianyao Qiang and
  • Feiping Nie

3 July 2026

Hyperspectral image (HSI) clustering aims to partition pixels into distinct clusters by leveraging spectral and spatial features, thereby providing crucial support for the interpretation and information extraction of hyperspectral data. However, due...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
6,063 Views
29 Pages

16 March 2020

In recent years, deep learning methods have been widely used in the hyperspectral image (HSI) classification tasks. Among them, spectral-spatial combined methods based on the three-dimensional (3-D) convolution have shown good performance. However, b...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) Sensing and Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,209 Views
16 Pages

Multiclass Non-Randomized Spectral–Spatial Active Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification

  • Muhammad Ahmad,
  • Manuel Mazzara,
  • Rana Aamir Raza,
  • Salvatore Distefano and ,
  • Muhammad Asif,
  • Muhammad Shahzad Sarfraz,
  • Adil Mehmood Khan and
  • Ahmed Sohaib
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

9 July 2020

Active Learning (AL) for Hyperspectral Image Classification (HSIC) has been extensively studied. However, the traditional AL methods do not consider randomness among the existing and new samples. Secondly, very limited AL research has been carried ou...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hyperspectral Imaging: Methods and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
5,443 Views
28 Pages

11 October 2019

Deep learning methods used for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification often achieve greater accuracy than traditional algorithms but require large numbers of training epochs. To simplify model structures and reduce their training epochs, an end-to-...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Techniques for Spaceborne Hyperspectral Remote Sensing)
  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
1,575 Views
41 Pages

10 April 2026

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been increasingly utilized for fine-scale surface characterization and quantitative retrieval due to its capability of capturing dense spectral information at ultra-high spatial reso...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
6,276 Views
21 Pages

Hyperspectral Image Classification via a Novel Spectral–Spatial 3D ConvLSTM-CNN

  • Ghulam Farooque,
  • Liang Xiao,
  • Jingxiang Yang and
  • Allah Bux Sargano

29 October 2021

In recent years, deep learning-based models have produced encouraging results for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. Specifically, Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) has shown good performance for learning valuable features and mo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,405 Views
16 Pages

23 November 2021

Since the technology of remote sensing has been improved recently, the spatial resolution of satellite images is getting finer. This enables us to precisely analyze the small complex objects in a scene through remote sensing images. Thus, the need to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Trends in Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Image and Video Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
6,851 Views
17 Pages

28 April 2020

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification accuracy has been greatly improved by employing deep learning. The current research mainly focuses on how to build a deep network to improve the accuracy. However, these networks tend to be more complex and ha...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Extraction and Data Classification in Hyperspectral Imaging)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,641 Views
25 Pages

13 March 2025

Accurate and reliable crop yield prediction is essential for optimizing agricultural management, resource allocation, and decision-making, while also supporting farmers and stakeholders in adapting to climate change and increasing global demand. This...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,779 Views
23 Pages

10 January 2024

In recent years, deep learning-based classification methods for hyperspectral images (HSIs) have gained widespread popularity in fields such as agriculture, environmental monitoring, and geological exploration. This is owing to their ability to autom...

(This article belongs to the Section AI Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,677 Views
25 Pages

Hyperspectral Image Reconstruction Based on Blur–Kernel–Prior and Spatial–Spectral Attention

  • Hongyu Xie,
  • Mingyu Yang,
  • Huansong Huang,
  • Mingle Zhang and ,
  • Wei Zhang,
  • Qingbin Jiao,
  • Liang Xu and
  • Xin Tan
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

15 April 2025

Given the problem of spatial detail loss and spectral feature degradation in hyperspectral images (HSIs) characterized as blur, often caused by noise during image acquisition, and methods of removing blur noise designed on HSIs being insufficient, we...

  • Article
  • Open Access
297 Views
33 Pages

26 September 2026

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification imposes stringent requirements on computational efficiency, especially for onboard edge platforms with limited computing resources such as small satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Existing deep le...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
801 Views
52 Pages

9 July 2026

Hyperspectral imaging has emerged as a promising modality for forensic document analysis due to its ability to capture spectral and material information beyond conventional RGB representations. However, existing hyperspectral forensic studies typical...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,853 Views
22 Pages

Detection of External Defects in Seed Potatoes Using Spectral–Spatial Fusion of Hyperspectral Images and Deep Learning

  • Min Hao,
  • Xingtai Cao,
  • Jianying Sun,
  • Yupeng Sun and ,
  • Jiaxuan Wang and
  • Hao Zhang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

To improve the accuracy of detecting external defects in seed potatoes and address the reliance of current hyperspectral imaging methods on single-dimensional data, this study proposes a multi-dimensional spectral–spatial information fusion app...

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence and Digital Agriculture)
  • Article
  • Open Access
735 Views
31 Pages

14 May 2026

Masked auto-encoders (MAEs) have been extensively employed in the field of semi-supervised hyperspectral image classification (HSIC). However, the developed models encounter significant challenges in learning separable representations, as they do not...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing Image Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
202 Views
25 Pages

9 October 2026

The Cognitive Federated Graph Learning (CFGL) framework is introduced to jointly optimise three interdependent resources in cognitive radio networks: (i) frequency channel allocation for secondary-user transmissions, (ii) routing paths for multi-hop...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,568 Views
22 Pages

2 April 2025

Hyperspectral image classification faces significant challenges in effectively extracting and integrating spectral-spatial features from high-dimensional data. Recent deep learning (DL) methods combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Visio...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Scene Reconstruction, Modeling and Analysis Using Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
817 Views
39 Pages

8 May 2026

Deep learning has demonstrated high efficiency in histopathological image analysis, particularly in lung cancer classification. However, the stability of these models with image corruption and cross-dataset validation remains an important practical c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
5,391 Views
23 Pages

18 September 2019

Sea ice is one of the causes of marine disasters. The classification of sea ice images is an important part of sea ice detection. The labeled samples in hyperspectral sea ice image classification are difficult to acquire, which causes minor sample pr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-based Remote Sensing Oceanography)
  • Article
  • Open Access
69 Citations
7,512 Views
21 Pages

FusionNet: A Convolution–Transformer Fusion Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

  • Liming Yang,
  • Yihang Yang,
  • Jinghui Yang,
  • Ningyuan Zhao and ,
  • Ling Wu,
  • Liguo Wang and
  • Tianrui Wang
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

19 August 2022

In recent years, deep-learning-based hyperspectral image (HSI) classification networks have become one of the most dominant implementations in HSI classification tasks. Among these networks, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and attention-based ne...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Processing Mixed Pixels for Hyperspectral Image)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,505 Views
20 Pages

HybridGBN-SR: A Deep 3D/2D Genome Graph-Based Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

  • Haron C. Tinega,
  • Enqing Chen,
  • Long Ma,
  • Divinah O. Nyasaka and
  • Richard M. Mariita

9 March 2022

The successful application of deep learning approaches in remote sensing image classification requires large hyperspectral image (HSI) datasets to learn discriminative spectral–spatial features simultaneously. To date, the HSI datasets availabl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning for Remote Sensing Image/Signal Processing)
  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,179 Views
17 Pages

Spectral–Spatial Discriminant Feature Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification

  • Chunhua Dong,
  • Masoud Naghedolfeizi,
  • Dawit Aberra and
  • Xiangyan Zeng

29 June 2019

Sparse representation classification (SRC) is being widely applied to target detection in hyperspectral images (HSI). However, due to the problem in HSI that high-dimensional data contain redundant information, SRC methods may fail to achieve high cl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Region Based Classification (RBC), Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) and Deep Learning (DL) for Remote Sensing Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,079 Views
22 Pages

13 September 2020

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is an important research topic in detailed analysis of the Earth’s surface. However, the performance of the classification is often hampered by the high-dimensionality features and limited training sampl...

  • Review
  • Open Access
67 Citations
9,372 Views
34 Pages

The growth of Hyperspectral Image (HSI) analysis is due to technology advancements that enable cameras to collect hundreds of continuous spectral information of each pixel in an image. HSI classification is challenging due to the large number of redu...

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,188 Views
22 Pages

Hybrid Dense Network with Dual Attention for Hyperspectral Image Classification

  • Jinling Zhao,
  • Lei Hu,
  • Yingying Dong and
  • Linsheng Huang

3 December 2021

Hyperspectral images (HSIs) have been widely used in many fields of application, but it is still extremely challenging to obtain higher classification accuracy, especially when facing a smaller number of training samples in practical applications. It...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
7,690 Views
22 Pages

Deep Kernel Extreme-Learning Machine for the Spectral–Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Imagery

  • Jiaojiao Li,
  • Bobo Xi,
  • Qian Du,
  • Rui Song and ,
  • Yunsong Li and
  • Guangbo Ren
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

14 December 2018

Extreme-learning machines (ELM) have attracted significant attention in hyperspectral image classification due to their extremely fast and simple training structure. However, their shallow architecture may not be capable of further improving classifi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
842 Views
21 Pages

Unraveling the Spectral–Spatial Mechanisms of Mineral Identification: A Case Study on CASI Data Using SpectralFormer and Traditional Classifiers

  • Huilin Yang,
  • Kai Qin,
  • Yuxi Hao,
  • Ming Li and ,
  • Ling Zhu,
  • Yuechao Yang and
  • Yingjun Zhao
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

29 April 2026

Traditional diagnostic spectroscopy provides a physically interpretable basis for mineral identification. However, how modern classifiers balance spectral and spatial information remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates this issue u...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Hyperspectral Imaging and AI for Geological Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,827 Views
24 Pages

26 June 2025

The high dimensionality of hyperspectral data, coupled with limited labeled samples and complex scene structures, makes spatial–spectral feature learning particularly challenging. To address these limitations, we propose a dual-branch deep lear...

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