Measuring soot concentration in a burner flame is essential for an in-depth understanding of the formation mechanism and to abate its generation. This paper presents an improved emission spectroscopy (ES) method that uses an adaptive particle swarm o...
To improve the prediction accuracy of soot load in gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) and the control accuracy during GPF regeneration, this study developed a prediction model to predict the soot mass concentration at the GPF inlet of gasoline direc...
Particulate matter (soot) emissions from combustion processes have damaging health and environmental effects. Numerical techniques with varying levels of accuracy and computational time have been developed to model soot formation in flames. High-fide...
This study investigates the relationship between exhaust gas composition, particle number (PN) emissions, and soot microstructure of a 1.9 L compression-ignition engine operated under six controlled steady-state load regimes at 2000 min−1. Unli...
In studying the effects of oxygen concentration and molecular structure on the morphologies of the soot particles produced by hydrocarbon fuels, ethylene and ethane were chosen as experimental fuels. With a Gülde laminar coaxial diffusion flame...
Soot formation in combustion represents a complex phenomenon that strongly depends on several factors such as pressure, temperature, fuel chemical composition, and the extent of premixing. The effect of partial premixing on soot formation is of relev...
Soot formation in combustion systems is a growing concern due to its adverse environmental and health effects. It is considered to be a tremendously complicated phenomenon which includes multiphase flow, thermodynamics, heat transfer, chemical kineti...
This work proposed a novel model to simultaneously reconstruct temperature distribution and soot volume fraction field for two-dimensional thin-slice flames using the knowledge of monochromatic radiation intensities at two wavelengths using a CCD cam...
The burner-type regeneration diesel particulate filter is one of the most widely used diesel particulate filters. Using AVL FIRE, a 3D model of a burner-type regeneration diesel particulate filter (DPF) was established, and simulation analyses were c...
Oxygen concentration is a significant factor affecting soot formation and oxidation. However, there are few studies that have focused on the morphology and nanostructure characteristics of soot in aviation kerosene, oxygen-depleted combustion flames....
Soot is an important component for heat transfer in combustion processes. However, it is also a harmful pollutant for humans, and strict emissions legislation motivates research on how to control soot formation and release. The formation of soot is k...
The formation of soot and NOx in ammonia/ethylene flames with varying ammonia ratios was investigated through experimental and numerical analysis. The spatial distribution of the soot volume fraction and NOx concentrations along the flame central lin...
Ozone is a prospective additive for enhancing and controlling combustion under lean or very lean conditions, and reduces NOx and particulate matter emissions simultaneously. Typically, in studying the effects of ozone on combustion pollutants, the fo...
Due to increasingly tighter emission limits for diesel and gasoline engines, especially concerning particulate matter emissions, particulate filters are becoming indispensable devices for exhaust gas after treatment. Thereby, for an efficient engine...
Oxygen-enriched combustion is increasingly recognized as a viable approach for clean energy production and carbon capture, offering substantial benefits for boosting combustion efficiency and mitigating pollutant emissions, which makes it widely adop...
In this paper, a simple, inexpensive, and rapid method for the fabrication of controlled layer candle soot film has been reported by interface self-assembly and transferred method. The mechanism of candle soot self-assembly is explained and their mor...
Raman microspectroscopy and thermo-optical-transmittance (TOT) method were used to study airborne ambient soot collected at the suburban air monitoring station in southern Poland during the residential heating (January-February) and non-heating (June...
Soot and ash as residues from the combustion of peat briquettes were analysed by chemical and mineralogical methods. The study aimed to characterize combustion in domestic boilers of two different emission classes. Ten samples of soot deposited in ex...
Recently, an aerosol dynamics model—the Soot Aggregate Moment Model (SAMM)—that can efficiently trace the size distribution and morphology of soot particles was developed. In order to examine the applicability of SAMM in association with...
In this paper, the influence of the edge effect on the simultaneous reconstruction of axisymmetric flame temperature and soot volume fraction profiles by a single CCD camera was investigated in detail. The reconstruction accuracy of the flame tempera...
Furanic biofuels have received increasing research interest over recent years, due to their potential in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the production of harmful pollutants. Nevertheless, the heterocyclic structure in furans make th...
A method for simultaneously visualizing the two-dimensional distributions of temperature and soot volume fraction in an ethylene flame was presented. A single-color charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was used to capture the flame image in the visible...
In the present work, a novel burner capable of complete pre-vaporization and stationary combustion of diesel fuel in a laminar diffusion flame has been developed to investigate the effect of the chemical composition of diesel fuel on soot formation....
High-concentration biodiesel-diesel fuel blends are an alternative fuel widely used for compression ignition engines. However, commercial diesel engines are not designed and set up for high-concentration biodiesel-diesel fuel blends. Hence, the aim o...
Experiments of high temperature pyrolysis and soot formation analysis on JP-10, one of the representatives of fuels, were conducted in order to analyze its properties and help construct its chemical kinetic mechanism. High-temperature pyrolysis and f...
Copper-based composites strengthened with fullerene soot nanoparticles of 20–30 nm size in concentration up to 23 vol.% were prepared via two methods: mechanical mixing and molecular level mixing. The dependence of thermal conductivity on the c...
Oxy-combustion with high flame temperature, low heat loss, high combustion efficiency, and low NOx emissions is being extensively studied. The thermal radiation from soot particles and gases in oxy-combustion accounts for the vast majority of the tot...
The effect is studied of water-suspended soot microparticles on the actin cytoskeleton, apoptosis, and proliferation in the gill epithelium of pearl gourami. To this end, the fish are kept in aquariums with 0.005 g/L of soot for 5 and 14 days. Laser...
A series of Co-M (M = Fe, Cr, and Mn) catalysts were synthesized by the sol-gel method for soot oxidation in a loose contact mode. The Co-Fe catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity among the tested samples, with the characteristic temperatures...
This article reports on field tests devoted to the emissions of particles from gas turbines (GT) and more particularly to the formation of soot and its suppression by fuel additives. These field tests involved four heavy-duty gas turbines used as pow...
Climate change causes more frequent and destructive wildfires even transforming them into megafire. Moreover, all biomass fires produce emissions of carbon compounds in the form of soot to the atmosphere with a significant impact on the environment a...
Traditional pulsed laser detection systems predominantly utilize threshold-based decision methods that rely on the peak voltage of echo signals for target recognition. However, in environments with soot (smoke and dust) interference, strong backscatt...
The removal of soot particles via high-performance catalysts is a critical area of research due to the growing concern regarding air pollution. Among various potential catalysts suitable for soot oxidation, cerium oxide-based materials have shown con...
The developments in the field of nano-additives have increased in the recent years due to the desire to reduce the level of exhaust emissions in diesel engines. The soot characteristics of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) were experi...
To reduce particulate matter (PM) in diesel exhaust gas, a diesel particulate filter (DPF) has been developed. The thermal durability of existing platinum catalyst-supported DPFs is inadequate. We are focusing on a non-catalytic after-treatment of si...
This study evaluated the self-cleaning ability and durability of Si-based consolidants (an ethyl silicate consolidant and a consolidant based on nanosized silica) spiked with nanocrystalline TiO2 activated by either UV-A radiation (spectral region be...
Combustion characteristics and harmful emissions with emphasized soot emission in the new concept of a biogas-dimethyl ether (DME) hybrid dual-fuel engine were analyzed. The effects of DME content, biogas compositions and diesel injection were examin...
The presented work demonstrates the capability of obtaining composite powder, silver-fullerene soot, by the electrolytic deposition of silver from an aqueous solution of silver nitrate. The morphology of particles was studied as a function of fullere...
Emissions from diesel engines can be limited and potentially decreased by modifying the fuel chemical composition through additive insertion. One class of additives that have shown to be particularly efficient in the reduction of the particulates fro...
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a serious air pollutant emitted from different sources in many developing regions worldwide, where the contribution of different potential influencing factors remains unclear. Using Shandong, a typical industrial province in C...
High-speed imaging of fuel sprays and combustion is conducted on a light-duty optical engine to investigate the effects of injector aging, with a focus on soot. The spray behaviors of one new and one aged injector are compared using Mie-scattering. I...
The combustion chamber operating pressure, air inlet temperature, and bio-fuel blending ratio are the key factors affecting the emissions of aero engines. Numerical simulations were used to investigate the emission patterns of CO, CO2, NO and carbon...
The increase in diesel consumption has led to the proliferation of soot particles from diesel exhaust, resulting in pollution in the form of smog. To solve this problem, a series of Ag-doped Mn1−xAgxCo2O4 spinel catalysts were successfully prep...
In the period from 2019 to 2022, the joint American–Russian space experiment (SE) Flame Design (Adamant) was carried out on the International Space Station (ISS). The purpose of the joint SE was to study the mechanisms of control of soot format...
To elucidate the relationship between physicochemical properties, spray characteristics, and combustion performance, a series of experiments have been conducted in a constant volume vessel with injection of hydrous ethanol diesel emulsion and regular...
Highly time-resolved aerosol measurements and analysis are necessary for a proper aerosol characterization in many polluted regions, because aerosol concentrations in polluted environments can change over time scales of minutes. However, many urban m...
Renewable diesel fuels have the potential to reduce net CO2 emissions, and simultaneously decrease particulate matter (PM) emissions. This study characterized engine-out PM emissions and PM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation potential. E...
Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) are two common toxic products of combustion. HCN concentrations of fire victims are not routinely determined in most legal medicine services in Romania. We present the case of a room fire victim in whic...
This study investigated the effect of CO2 on the burning behavior and radiative properties of a single ethanol droplet flame in microgravity. Measurements of the droplet burning rate, the flame size and temperature, and the radiative emissions were p...
Air pollution has become the world’s single biggest environmental health risk of the past decade, causing millions of yearly deaths worldwide. One of the dominant air pollutants is fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which is a product of combusti...
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