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398 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,146 Views
25 Pages

14 September 2022

With the promotion of an ecological civilization philosophy and a sustainable development strategy, solid waste classification and collection has become an emerging issue in China. Based on the three dimensions of sustainable development, namely econ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
877 Views
32 Pages

UniHSFormer X for Hyperspectral Crop Classification with Prototype-Routed Semantic Structuring

  • Zhen Du,
  • Senhao Liu,
  • Yao Liao,
  • Yuanyuan Tang,
  • Yanwen Liu,
  • Huimin Xing,
  • Zhijie Zhang and
  • Donghui Zhang

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) plays a pivotal role in modern agriculture by capturing fine-grained spectral signatures that support crop classification, health assessment, and land-use monitoring. However, the transition from raw spectral data to relia...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,486 Views
14 Pages

24 November 2021

In signal analysis and processing, underwater target recognition (UTR) is one of the most important technologies. Simply and quickly identify target types using conventional methods in underwater acoustic conditions is quite a challenging task. The p...

  • Review
  • Open Access
81 Citations
25,078 Views
28 Pages

2 November 2021

Transportation planning has been established as a key topic in the literature and social production practices. An increasing number of researchers are studying vehicle routing problems (VRPs) and their variants considering real-life applications and...

  • Review
  • Open Access
37 Citations
8,320 Views
71 Pages

A Survey on Environmentally Friendly Vehicle Routing Problem and a Proposal of Its Classification

  • Erfan Ghorbani,
  • Mahdi Alinaghian,
  • Gevork. B. Gharehpetian,
  • Sajad Mohammadi and
  • Guido Perboli

31 October 2020

The growth of environmental awareness and more robust enforcement of numerous regulations to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have directed efforts towards addressing current environmental challenges. Considering the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP...

  • Review
  • Open Access
17 Citations
6,785 Views
37 Pages

29 April 2023

The vehicle routing problem (VRP), as a classic combinatorial optimization problem, has always been a hot research topic in operations research. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the VRP problem, this work uses the knowledge graph to compreh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,620 Views
23 Pages

7 August 2022

Flex-route transit is regarded as the feasible solution to provide flexible service for various demands. To improve the service of flex-route transit, this paper proposes a design framework with the input of multi-type demands. Firstly, according to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,902 Views
23 Pages

28 April 2022

In the field of the automotive area as well as industrial control, real-time communication requires deterministic delivery with low delay and bounded jitter. Real-time communication in these networks requires transmission schedule and routing, which...

  • Article
  • Open Access
124 Citations
11,419 Views
28 Pages

18 January 2021

This paper surveys the energy-efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It provides a classification and comparison following a new proposed taxonomy distinguishing nine categories of protocols, namely: Latency-aware and energy-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
533 Views
26 Pages

Hierarchical Multi-Stage Attention and Dynamic Expert Routing for Explainable Gastrointestinal Disease Diagnosis

  • Muhammad John Abbas,
  • Hend Alshaya,
  • Wided Bouchelligua,
  • Nehal Hassan and
  • Inzamam Mashood Nasir

27 October 2025

Purpose: Gastrointestinal (GI) illness demands precise and efficient diagnostics, yet conventional approaches (e.g., endoscopy and histopathology) are time-consuming and prone to reader variability. This work presents GID-Xpert, a deep learning frame...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,627 Views
17 Pages

13 October 2017

The scale-free topology of power communication network leads to more data flow in less hub nodes, which can cause local congestion. Considering the differences of the nodes’ delivery capacity and cache capacity, an integrated routing based on the com...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
10,344 Views
15 Pages

In this paper, we propose a navigation approach for smartphones that enables visitors of major events to avoid crowded areas or narrow streets and to navigate out of dense crowds quickly. Two types of sensor data are integrated. Real-time optical ima...

  • Review
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,999 Views
23 Pages

Investigating Routing in the VANET Network: Review and Classification of Approaches

  • Arun Kumar Sangaiah,
  • Amir Javadpour,
  • Chung-Chian Hsu,
  • Anandakumar Haldorai and
  • Ahmad Zeynivand

7 August 2023

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANETs) need methods to control traffic caused by a high volume of traffic during day and night, the interaction of vehicles, and pedestrians, vehicle collisions, increasing travel delays, and energy issues. Routing is one o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,598 Views
19 Pages

7 April 2022

Reorganizing city bus routes is generally accomplished by designing bus supply methods to meet passenger demand. The bus supply method involves establishing bus routes and planning their schedules. The actual bus route reorganization decisions are no...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,550 Views
34 Pages

3 April 2024

The commonly used POI route recommendation methods usually ignore the effects of tourists’ interests and transportation geographical conditions, and so may not output the optimal results. To solve the problems, we propose a POI route recommenda...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,283 Views
18 Pages

13 November 2023

To ensure the security of information exchange in software-defined optical networks, quantum key distribution (QKD) based on quantum mechanics is introduced. However, the slow and valuable process of generating quantum key resources contradicts the h...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,966 Views
25 Pages

Remote Sensing for Maritime Traffic Understanding

  • Marco Reggiannini,
  • Emanuele Salerno,
  • Clara Bacciu,
  • Andrea D’Errico,
  • Angelica Lo Duca,
  • Andrea Marchetti,
  • Massimo Martinelli,
  • Costanzo Mercurio,
  • Antonino Mistretta and
  • Marco Righi
  • + 2 authors

31 January 2024

The capability of prompt response in the case of critical circumstances occurring within a maritime scenario depends on the awareness level of the competent authorities. From this perspective, a quick and integrated surveillance service represents a...

  • Review
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,128 Views
17 Pages

Machine Learning to Predict Enzyme–Substrate Interactions in Elucidation of Synthesis Pathways: A Review

  • Luis F. Salas-Nuñez,
  • Alvaro Barrera-Ocampo,
  • Paola A. Caicedo,
  • Natalie Cortes,
  • Edison H. Osorio,
  • Maria F. Villegas-Torres and
  • Andres F. González Barrios

Enzyme–substrate interactions play a fundamental role in elucidating synthesis pathways and synthetic biology, as they allow for the understanding of important aspects of a reaction. Establishing the interaction experimentally is a slow and cos...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,754 Views
15 Pages

BTDNet: A Multi-Modal Approach for Brain Tumor Radiogenomic Classification

  • Dimitrios Kollias,
  • Karanjot Vendal,
  • Priyankaben Gadhavi and
  • Solomon Russom

2 November 2023

Brain tumors pose significant health challenges worldwide, with glioblastoma being one of the most aggressive forms. The accurate determination of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status is crucial for personaliz...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,814 Views
32 Pages

Skin cancer is a prevalent type of malignancy on a global scale, and the early and accurate diagnosis of this condition is of utmost importance for the survival of patients. The clinical assessment of cutaneous lesions is a crucial aspect of medical...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,865 Views
24 Pages

Remote Sensing for Maritime Prompt Monitoring

  • Marco Reggiannini,
  • Marco Righi,
  • Marco Tampucci,
  • Angelica Lo Duca,
  • Clara Bacciu,
  • Luigi Bedini,
  • Andrea D’Errico,
  • Claudio Di Paola,
  • Andrea Marchetti and
  • Massimo Martinelli
  • + 3 authors

The main purpose of this paper is to describe a software platform dedicated to sea surveillance, capable of detecting and identifying illegal maritime traffic. This platform results from the cascade pipeline of several image processing algorithms tha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
2,473 Views
22 Pages

12 December 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) plays an essential role in the area of the healthcare system. IoT devices provide information about patients in the healthcare monitoring framework. Moreover, patients can examine their health with smart devices and hence IoT...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,966 Views
22 Pages

A Framework Based on Nesting of Convolutional Neural Networks to Classify Secondary Roads in High Resolution Aerial Orthoimages

  • Calimanut-Ionut Cira,
  • Ramon Alcarria,
  • Miguel-Ángel Manso-Callejo and
  • Francisco Serradilla

27 February 2020

Remote sensing imagery combined with deep learning strategies is often regarded as an ideal solution for interpreting scenes and monitoring infrastructures with remarkable performance levels. In addition, the road network plays an important part in t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
829 Views
30 Pages

Current tourism route recommendation systems often overemphasize popular destinations, thereby overlooking geographical accessibility between attractions and the experiential coherence of the journey. Leveraging multidimensional attribute perceptions...

  • Review
  • Open Access
143 Citations
10,419 Views
24 Pages

A Survey of Routing Protocols in WBAN for Healthcare Applications

  • Yating Qu,
  • Guoqiang Zheng,
  • Huahong Ma,
  • Xintong Wang,
  • Baofeng Ji and
  • Honghai Wu

5 April 2019

The emergence of wireless body area network (WBAN) technology has brought hope and dawn to solve the problems of population aging, various chronic diseases, and medical facility shortage. The increasing demand for real-time applications in such netwo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
9,578 Views
18 Pages

The design of a natural gas pipeline route is a very important stage in Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline projects. It is a very complicated process requiring many different criteria for various areas to be evaluated simultaneously. These criteria in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,667 Views
22 Pages

14 October 2021

This study proposes a method for diagnosing problems in truck ore transport operations in underground mines using four machine learning models (i.e., Gaussian naïve Bayes (GNB), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), support vector machine (SVM), and classificati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,141 Views
15 Pages

A series of urban law enforcement events involving city inspectors dispatched by the city management department can reflect some problems in smart city management, such as illegal advertising and unlicensed street operation. In this paper, we propose...

  • Review
  • Open Access
60 Citations
9,460 Views
60 Pages

Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing Protocols in Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANET): A Review

  • Jan Lansky,
  • Saqib Ali,
  • Amir Masoud Rahmani,
  • Mohammad Sadegh Yousefpoor,
  • Efat Yousefpoor,
  • Faheem Khan and
  • Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

22 August 2022

In recent years, flying ad hoc networks have attracted the attention of many researchers in industry and universities due to easy deployment, proper operational costs, and diverse applications. Designing an efficient routing protocol is challenging d...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,699 Views
12 Pages

Didactic Visualization of Routing Problems

  • Margaretha Gansterer and
  • Veronika Klug

The Traveling Salesman and Vehicle Routing Problems are integral parts of bachelor and master programs related to Operations Research/Management Science. This is due to their relevance in both practical applications and research. For students, it is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,189 Views
23 Pages

Indoor Routing on Logical Network Using Space Semantics

  • Liu Liu,
  • Sisi Zlatanova,
  • Bofeng Li,
  • Peter van Oosterom,
  • Hua Liu and
  • Jack Barton

An indoor logical network qualitatively represents abstract relationships between indoor spaces, and it can be used for path computation. In this paper, we concentrate on the logical network that does not have notions for metrics. Instead, it relies...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,724 Views
23 Pages

A Hybrid Ant Colony and Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Route Optimization of Heating Engineering

  • Yang Zhang,
  • Huihui Zhao,
  • Yuming Cao,
  • Qinhuo Liu,
  • Zhanfeng Shen,
  • Jian Wang and
  • Minggang Hu

8 October 2018

The development of remote sensing and intelligent algorithms create an opportunity to include ad hoc technology in the heating route design area. In this paper, classification maps and heating route planning regulations are introduced to create the f...

  • Review
  • Open Access
230 Citations
15,078 Views
24 Pages

Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus: Classification, Animal Reservoirs and Transmission Routes

  • Virginie Doceul,
  • Eugénie Bagdassarian,
  • Antonin Demange and
  • Nicole Pavio

3 October 2016

During the past ten years, several new hepatitis E viruses (HEVs) have been identified in various animal species. In parallel, the number of reports of autochthonous hepatitis E in Western countries has increased as well, raising the question of what...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,283 Views
19 Pages

Robust Confidence Intervals for PM2.5 Concentration Measurements in the Ecuadorian Park La Carolina

  • Wilmar Hernandez,
  • Alfredo Mendez,
  • Rasa Zalakeviciute and
  • Angela Maria Diaz-Marquez

24 January 2020

In this article, robust confidence intervals for PM2.5 (particles with size less than or equal to 2.5   μ m ) concentration measurements performed in La Carolina Park, Quito, Ecuador, have been built. Different techniques have been app...

  • Article
  • Open Access
630 Views
19 Pages

The Network-on-Chip applications’ performance and efficiency depend on task allocation and message routing, which are complex problems. The existing solutions assign priorities to messages in order to regulate their transmission. Unfortunately,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,574 Views
24 Pages

Adaptive Path Selection Algorithm with Flow Classification for Software-Defined Networks

  • Muhammed Nura Yusuf,
  • Kamalrulnizam bin Abu Bakar,
  • Babangida Isyaku,
  • Ahmed Hamza Osman,
  • Maged Nasser and
  • Fatin A. Elhaj

14 March 2023

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a trending architecture that separates controller and forwarding planes. This improves network agility and efficiency. The proliferation of the Internet of Things devices has increased traffic flow volume and its...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,474 Views
17 Pages

Efficient Classification of ECG Images Using a Lightweight CNN with Attention Module and IoT

  • Tariq Sadad,
  • Mejdl Safran,
  • Inayat Khan,
  • Sultan Alfarhood,
  • Razaullah Khan and
  • Imran Ashraf

6 September 2023

Cardiac disorders are a leading cause of global casualties, emphasizing the need for the initial diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Electrocardiogram (ECG) procedures are highly recommended as they provide crucial cardiology...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,884 Views
18 Pages

15 September 2024

Decoding semantic concepts for imagination and perception tasks (SCIP) is important for rehabilitation medicine as well as cognitive neuroscience. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is commonly used in the relevant fields, because it is a low-cost noninvasiv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,585 Views
19 Pages

Driving Assistance System for Ambulances to Minimise the Vibrations in Patient Cabin

  • Abdulaziz Aldegheishem,
  • Nabil Alrajeh,
  • Lorena Parra,
  • Oscar Romero and
  • Jaime Lloret

30 November 2022

The ambulance service is the main transport for diseased or injured people which suffers the same acceleration forces as regular vehicles. These accelerations, caused by the movement of the vehicle, impact the performance of tasks executed by sanitar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
4,340 Views
17 Pages

2 October 2023

Smart agricultural systems have received a great deal of interest in recent years because of their potential for improving the efficiency and productivity of farming practices. These systems gather and analyze environmental data such as temperature,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,955 Views
34 Pages

6 December 2023

In machine learning, classifiers have the feature of constant symmetry when performing the attribute transformation. In the research field of tourism recommendation, tourists’ interests should be mined and extracted by the symmetrical transform...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,365 Views
25 Pages

FL-DSFA: Securing RPL-Based IoT Networks against Selective Forwarding Attacks Using Federated Learning

  • Rabia Khan,
  • Noshina Tariq,
  • Muhammad Ashraf,
  • Farrukh Aslam Khan,
  • Saira Shafi and
  • Aftab Ali

8 September 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a significant technological advancement that allows for seamless device integration and data flow. The development of the IoT has led to the emergence of several solutions in various sectors. However, rapid popularizat...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,751 Views
37 Pages

26 July 2017

A large number of routing-related surveys are published so far for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that exhibit either complete or partial emphasis on routing in WSNs. These surveys classify and discuss the relevant routing protocols published mainly...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,801 Views
26 Pages

8 January 2025

The retreat of Arctic sea ice has opened new maritime routes, offering faster shipping opportunities; however, these routes present significant navigational challenges due to the harsh ice conditions. To address these challenges, this paper proposes...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,125 Views
19 Pages

Fuzzy Ontology-Based System for Driver Behavior Classification

  • Susel Fernandez,
  • Takayuki Ito,
  • Luis Cruz-Piris and
  • Ivan Marsa-Maestre

19 October 2022

Intelligent transportation systems encompass a series of technologies and applications that exchange information to improve road traffic and avoid accidents. According to statistics, some studies argue that human mistakes cause most road accidents wo...

  • Review
  • Open Access
98 Citations
7,455 Views
28 Pages

Genetic Variability and Evolution of Hepatitis E Virus

  • Putu Prathiwi Primadharsini,
  • Shigeo Nagashima and
  • Hiroaki Okamoto

18 May 2019

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. HEV can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis, with the latter usually occurring in immunocompromised patients. Modes of transmission range from the classic fecal–oral rout...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,572 Views
17 Pages

5 April 2025

Energy management strategies (EMS) in the context of electric or hybrid vehicles can optimize the available energy by minimizing consumption. Most optimization-based EMS are not real-time-applicable for an accurate estimation of future consumption. T...

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,178 Views
21 Pages

14 June 2023

Wave energy will be an important support to deal with the energy crisis of human society. A scientific energy classification scheme is a prerequisite support for the macro-scale optimized layout, micro-scale accurate site selection and a blueprinting...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
20,838 Views
20 Pages

15 April 2019

The Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem (DVRP) is one of the most important problems in the area of enterprise logistics. DVRP problems involve these dynamics: the appearance of customers, travel times, service times, or vehicle availability. One of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,754 Views
8 Pages

An Assessment of the Oral and Inhalation Acute Toxicity of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles in Rats

  • Tara Lyons-Darden,
  • Jason L. Blum,
  • Mark W. Schooley,
  • Melissa Ellis,
  • Jennifer Durando,
  • Daniel Merrill and
  • Adriana R. Oller

7 January 2023

Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) have been the focus of many toxicity studies. However, acute toxicity studies that identify toxicological dose descriptors, such as an LC50 or LD50, are lacking. In this paper, the acute toxicity of NiO NPs was ev...

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