304 Results Found

Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) utilizes coplanar synchrotron radiation beamlets and is a proposed treatment approach for several tumor diagnoses that currently have poor clinical treatment outcomes, such as gliosarcomas. Monte Carlo (MC) simulatio...

Four severe nuclear accident scenarios have been identified for operating nuclear power plants (ONPPs). However, there is a research gap in predicting the mid–long-term radiation doses for these scenarios. This study aims to address this gap by...

Background/Objectives: The breast is a highly radiosensitive organ that is directly exposed to ionizing radiation during chest computed tomography (CT) examinations. Excessive radiation exposure increases the risk of radiation-induced malignancies, h...

The purpose of this study is to introduce differential dose–volume histogram (dDVH) features into machine learning for radiation pneumonitis (RP) prediction and to demonstrate the predictive performance of the developed model based on integrate...

Purpose: To improve the prediction accuracy of radiation dermatitis (RD) in breast cancer patients undergoing volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), we developed a hybrid artificial intelligence (AI) model that integrates deep learning radiomics (D...

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of features obtained from our proposed incremental-dose-interval-based lung subregion segmentation (IDLSS) for predicting grade ≥ 2 acute radiation pneumonitis (ARP) in lung cancer patients upon intensity-mod...

Pipeline welds typically do not have secondary reinforcement, rendering welds highly vulnerable to leakage accidents caused by the movement of gases or liquids. Therefore, identifying internal defects in welds through radiographic testing (RT) is cri...

In this paper, we propose a new method for choosing the most suitable time-series classification method that can be applied to online gamma dose rate incidents. We referred to the historical incidents measured in the German Radiation Early Warning Ne...

In this paper, we proposed an unsupervised machine-learning-based framework to automate the process of extracting suspicious gamma dose rate incidents from the real unlabeled raw historical data measured in the German Radiation Early Warning Network...

High-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is a common treatment option for locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Seventy-nine male patients (median age 71 years, range 50 to 79) with high-risk PCa underwent H...

Introduction: Cancer is a highly lethal disease with a significantly high mortality rate. One of the most commonly used methods for treatment is radiation therapy. However, cancer treatment using radiotherapy is a time-consuming process that requires...

The Microdosimetric Kinetic Model (MKM) to predict the effects of ionizing radiation on cell colonies is studied and reformulated for the case of high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiations with a low dose. When the number of radiation events happen...

In developed countries, more than half of all cancer patients receive radiotherapy at some stage in the management of their disease. However, a radiation-induced secondary malignancy can be the price of success if the primary cancer is cured or at le...

Objective: This study investigates the correlation between patient body metrics and radiation dose in abdominopelvic CT scans, aiming to identify significant predictors of radiation exposure. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional analysis of patient d...

Successful studies on radiation therapy for gastric lymphoma led to a decrease in planning target volume (PTV) and radiation dose with low toxicities, maintaining excellent survival rates. It remains unclear as to which effects are to be expected con...

The prediction of radiation exposure is an important tool for the choice of therapy modality and becomes, as a component of patient-informed consent, increasingly important for both surgeon and patient. The final goal is the implementation of a train...

In this study, biodegradable poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and poly(L-co-d,l lactide) (PLDLA) were evaluated using Geant4 (G4EmStandardPhysics_option4) for damage simulation, in order to predict the safety of these biodegradable polymers a...

Background/Objectives: Spinal metastases are a common and severe complication of lung cancer, particularly in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and are associated with poor survival. Despite advancements in treatment, optimal management strategies remai...

This biophysical study aimed to determine fitting parameters for the Lyman–Kutcher–Burman (LKB) dose–response model for normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) calculations of acute side effects and to investigate the impact o...

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly consequence of radiation exposure to the esophagus. ESCC arises from esophageal epithelial cells that undergo malignant transformation and features a perturbed squamous cell differentiation progra...

Normal tissue toxicity is a dose-limiting factor in radiation therapy. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the normal tissue response to radiation is necessary to predict the risk of normal tissue toxicity and to development strategies for tissue...

Biodosimetry is a useful method for estimating personal exposure doses to ionizing radiation. Studies have identified metabolites in non-cellular biofluids that can be used as markers in biodosimetry. Levels of metabolites in blood cells may reflect...

The biological effects of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation show both a qualitative and quantitative difference when compared to low-LET radiation. However, models used to estimate risks ignore qualitative differences and involve extensive...

The calculation of effective doses is crucial in many medical and radiation fields in order to ensure safety and compliance with regulatory limits. Traditionally, Monte Carlo codes using detailed human body computational phantoms have been used for s...

This manuscript evaluates the role of cell killing, tissue disorganization, and tissue damage on the induction of lung cancer following low dose rate radiation exposures from internally deposited radioactive materials. Beagle dogs were exposed by inh...

Radiation damage represents a fundamental limit in the determination of protein structures via macromolecular crystallography (MX) at third-generation synchrotron sources. Over the past decade, improvements in both source and detector technology have...

This study uses Monte Carlo simulation and experimental measurements to develop a predictive model for estimating the external dose rate associated with permanent radioactive source implantation in prostate cancer patients. The objective is to estima...

Exposure to ionizing radiation disrupts metabolic pathways and causes oxidative stress, which can lead to organ damage. In this study, urinary metabolites from mice exposed to high-dose and low-dose whole-body irradiation (WBI HDR, WBI LDR) or partia...

Cancer of the brain and central nervous system (CNS) is the second most common of all pediatric cancers. Treatment of many of these cancers includes radiation therapy of which radiation induced cerebral necrosis (RICN) can be a severe and potentially...

This study designed a radiation-hardened (RH) complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic circuit based on an RH variable-gate (V-gate) n-MOSFET that was resistant to the total ionizing dose (TID) effect and evaluated its tolerance to radiat...

Valvular Heart Disease (VHD) is a known late complication of radiotherapy for childhood cancer (CC), and identifying high-risk survivors correctly remains a challenge. This paper focuses on the distribution of the radiation dose absorbed by heart tis...

There is a great deal of uncertainty on how low (≤0.1 Gy) doses of ionizing radiation (IR) affect human cells, partly due to a lack of suitable experimental model systems for such studies. The uncertainties arising from low-dose IR human data undermi...

Radiation-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a significant late complication in dogs receiving radiation therapy for intranasal tumors, particularly with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). This retrospective case-...

Biological responses to ionizing radiation (IR) have been studied for many years, generally showing the dependence of these responses on the quality of radiation, i.e., the radiation particle type and energy, types of DNA damage, dose and dose rate,...

Introduction: Percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) can be a valid alternative to partial nephrectomy for patients with cT1a renal tumors. A potential disadvantage of PCA is radiation exposure for patients, though the exact significance of this is unknown....

Countermeasures for radiation diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment are trailing behind the proliferation of nuclear energy and weaponry. Radiation injury mechanisms at the systems biology level are not fully understood. Here, mice skin biopsies at h2,...

Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with yttrium-90 (90Y)-loaded microspheres is increasingly used for the treatment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Dosimetry verifications post-treatment are required for a valid assessment of any d...

Increasingly more patients exposed to radiation from computed axial tomography (CT) will have a greater risk of developing tumors or cancer that are caused by cell mutation in the future. A minor dose level would decrease the number of these possible...

Purpose: We prospectively evaluated the feasibility of SPECT-CT/planar organ dosimetry-based radiation dose escalation radioimmunotherapy in patients with recurrent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma using the theranostic pair of 111In and 90Y anti-CD20 ibritumo...

The thermoluminescence (TL) method is one of the most widely used techniques in various studies, including dosimetric applications, dating of archaeological and geological materials, luminescence spectroscopy of certain insulating or semiconducting p...

Introduction: Antegrade sclerotherapy (Tauber) effectively treats varicocele. However, fluoroscopy exposes young males to ionizing radiation. We aimed to evaluate radiation exposure and surgical outcomes after the Tauber procedure. Materials and meth...

Predicting the risk of second malignant neoplasms is complicated by uncertainties regarding the shape of the dose–response relationship at high doses. Limited understanding of the competitive relationship between cell killing and the accumulati...

External beam radiation therapy requires a sophisticated and laborious planning procedure. To improve the efficiency and quality of this procedure, machine-learning models that predict these dose distributions were introduced. The most recent dose pr...

(1) Background: radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment. When delivering a tumoricidal dose, the risk of severe late toxicities is usually kept below 5% using dose-volume constraints. However, individual radiation sensitivity (iRS) is respo...

The temperature and electrical modes influences on radiation sensitivity of n-channel MISFETs sensors of the total ionizing dose were investigated. There were measured the MISFET-based dosimeter output voltages V as function of the radiation doses D...

177Lu-DOTAGA-(l-y)fk(Sub-KuE) a.k.a. 177Lu-PSMA I&T is currently used for radioligand therapy (RLT) of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in several centers in Europe. Background: Dosimetry is mandatory according to EU guidel...

Ultraviolet shortwave (UV-C) is a technology for postharvest fruit disinfection. This study aimed to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on the discrete ordinate (DO) radiation model to analyze the distribution of UV-C intensity on whole and...

Accurate knowledge of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and its dependencies is crucial to support modern ion beam therapy and its further development. However, the influence of different dose rates of the reference radiation and ion beam a...

Development of cataracts is a well-known adverse effect of ionizing radiation, but little information is available on their incidence in patients after other medical procedures, such as cardiac catheterizations. The study objective was to determine t...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportunity to use low- and non-radiating chest imaging techniques on a large scale in the context of an infectious disease, which has never been done before. Previously, low-dose techniques were rare...