(1) Background: Intralenticular tumors are an entity akin to Schrodinger’s cat since, although the human crystalline cells themselves are not known to malignly proliferate, various entities can take the appearance and clinical presentation of a tumor...
Wilms’ tumor is a common pediatric renal malignancy. In selected cases, nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) may be employed as part of the surgical approach. To prevent positive margins, optimal understanding of the tumor–kidney edge is essenti...
Irradiation with electrons is the primary treatment regime for localized conjunctival low-grade lymphomas. However, radiation-induced cataracts are a major cause of treatment-related morbidity. This study investigates whether lens-sparing electron ir...
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been the standard treatment for intermediate-stage, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u-HCC). However, with recent advances in systemic therapy and the emergence of the concept of TACE-refractory or -un...
Light emitting diode (LED) and ultrasound have been powerful treatment stimuli for tumor cell growth due to non-radiation effects. This research is the first preliminary study of tumor cell suppression using a macro-lens-supported 460-nm LED combined...
The deletion of chromosome 11p13 involving the WT1 and PAX6 genes has been shown to cause WAGR syndrome (OMIM #194072), a rare genetic disorder that features Wilms’ tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, as well as mental retardation. In thi...
Aim: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with lenvatinib, employing a 4-day lenvatinib administration followed by TACE without an interval (short-term LEN-TACE), was performed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim was to assess tumo...
Background: This study investigated the impact of serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) level on the clinical outcomes of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with sorafenib (SOR) or lenvatinib (LEN). Methods: A total...
We investigated the association between early tumor shrinkage (ETS) and treatment outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib (LEN). A retrospective analysis was performed in 104 patients. ETS was defined as tumor shrink...
Background: Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that serves as a critical regulator of tissue homeostasis, aging, and disease. While transient senescence contributes to development, wound healing, and tumor suppression, c...
Background: The human FOXM1 transcription factor controls cell cycle progression and genome stability, and it has been correlated to the onset and progression of many tumor types. Methods: In our study, we collected all recent sequence and quantitati...
Lenvatinib resistance (LenR) presents a significant challenge in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, leading to high cancer-related mortality rates globally. Unlike traditional chemotherapy resistance mechanisms, LenR in HCC is primarily driven...
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States, with 20% of patients presenting with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Metastatic colon cancer is often treated with a combination of surgery, s...
The eye is an exemplarily challenging organ to treat when considering ocular tumors. It is at the crossroads of several major aims in oncology: tumor control, organ preservation, and functional outcomes including vision and quality of life. The proxi...
Background: Lenvatinib (LEN) has been approved for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u-HCC) since March 2018 in Japan. We performed a retrospective nationwide multicenter study to clarify the clinical characteristics of LEN in real...
We previously introduced the concepts of optical centroid efficiency (OCE) and enclosed energy within a rectangular pixel (EOD). We applied them to an ideal lens with and without a central obscuration for two different detector pixel sizes. Also, we...
Iris melanomas represent 2–5% of uveal melanomas. Iris melanomas vary in their size, shape, degree of pigmentation and clinical behavior. The main local clinical complications of iris melanomas are tumor vascularization, ectropion uvea, pupilla...
Background and Objectives: Metformin, a staple in diabetes care, has recently emerged as a candidate chemotherapeutic agent. In vitro studies suggest that metformin inhibits cancer growth by altering cellular metabolism and enhancing immune responses...
Traditional acoustic lenses modulate the ultrasonic beam due to their curved surfaces and the refractive material of which they are made. In this work, a different type of acoustic lens, based on Polyadic Cantor Fractals (PCF), is presented and thoro...
Osteosarcoma (OS), a prevalent primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, has maintained consistent treatment protocols since the 1970s combining surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. While effective for localized tumors, these stra...
Advances in the intratumor measurement of drug responses have included a pioneering biomedical microdevice for high throughput drug screening in vivo, which was further advanced by integrating a graded-index lens based two-dimensional fluorescence mi...
Conventional photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancer typically employs an end-firing flat fiber (Flat) to deliver laser energy, leading to the incomplete treatment of target cells due to a Gaussian-shaped non-uniform beam profile. The purpose of the cu...
Cataracts are an ailment representing the leading cause of blindness in the world. The pathogenesis of cataracts is not clear, and there is no effective treatment. An increasing amount of evidence shows that oxidative stress and autophagy in lens epi...
The primary goal during cancer removal surgery is to completely excise the malignant tumor. Because the color of the tumor and surrounding tissues is very similar, it is difficult to observe with the naked eye, posing a risk of damaging surrounding b...
The role of medical image computing in oncology is growing stronger, not least due to the unprecedented advancement of computational AI techniques, providing a technological bridge between radiology and oncology, which could significantly accelerate...
The lens epithelium derived growth factor of 75 kD (LEDGF/p75) is a transcription co-activator and epigenetic reader that has emerged as a stress oncoprotein in multiple human cancers. Growing evidence indicates that it promotes tumor cell survival a...
Intracranial tumors such as gliomas, meningiomas, and brain metastases induce complex alterations in brain function beyond their focal presence. Modern connectomic and neuroimaging approaches, including resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and diff...
Sarcomas are a leading cause of cancer death in individuals younger than 20 years of age and represent the largest group of rare solid tumors. To date, more than 100 morphological subtypes of sarcomas have been described, among which epidemiology, cl...
Cancer is a leading cause of death among companion animals, with many cases diagnosed at advanced stages when clinical signs have appeared, and prognosis is poor. Emerging diagnostic technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enhanced imagi...
Cancer is a widespread and incurable disease caused by genetic mutations, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and metastasis. Connexins (Cx) are transmembrane proteins that facilitate intercellular communication via hemichannels and gap juncti...
ARID1A, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, has emerged as a pivotal tumor suppressor altered in a broad range of human malignancies. Its frequent inactivation across diverse cancer types has revealed pleiotropic roles that interse...
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment, showcasing remarkable efficacy. However, the formidable challenge lies in taming the formidable side effects associated with this innovativ...
The present study explored the impact of inhibiting α(1,6)fucosylation (core fucosylation) on the functional phenotype of a cellular model of colorectal cancer (CRC) malignization formed by the syngeneic SW480 and SW620 CRC lines. Expression of...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of many solid tumors. In breast cancer (BC), immunotherapy is currently approved in combination with chemotherapy, albeit only in triple-negative breast cancer. Unfortunately, most...
The increased workload in pathology laboratories today means automated tools such as artificial intelligence models can be useful, helping pathologists with their tasks. In this paper, we propose a segmentation model (DRU-Net) that can provide a deli...
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare malignancy, occurring in 5–10% of patients diagnosed with UC, and involves the renal pelvis, calyces, or ureters. UTUC can be sporadic or hereditary as a clinical manifestation of Lynch syndrome...
X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) can localize diagnostic or theranostic entities utilizing nanoparticle (NP)-based probes at high resolution in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo. However, small-animal benchtop XFI systems demonstrating high spatial resolut...
Curcumin has been extensively investigated as an anticancer agent, yet its clinical application remains constrained by low bioavailability, incomplete mechanistic understanding, and limited therapeutic optimization. In light of growing resistance to...
Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) can handle a wide range of applications in image analysis, ranging from automated segmentation to diagnostic and prediction. As such, they have revolutionized healthcare, incl...
Raman spectroscopy offers label-free assessment of bladder tissue for in vivo and ex vivo intraoperative applications. In a retrospective study, control and cancer specimens were prepared from ten human bladder resectates. Raman microspectroscopic im...
GLOBOCAN 2018 identified lung cancer as the leading oncological pathology in terms of incidence and mortality rates. Angiogenesis is a key adaptive mechanism of numerous malignancies that promotes metastatic spread in view of the dependency of cancer...
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are two cytokines involved in the perpetuation of the chronic inflammation state characterizing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Significant advances in the treatment of this pathology have been ma...
Lens epithelium-derived growth factor splice variant of 75 kDa (LEDGF/p75) is an autoantigen over-expressed in solid tumors and acts as a stress-related transcriptional co-activator. Participation of autoimmune responses in the pathophysiology of ben...
Introduction: Augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) technologies have revolutionized cranial neurosurgery by overlaying digital information onto the surgical field, enhancing visualization, precision, and training. These technologies enable t...
Under normal conditions, almost all cell types communicate with their neighboring cells through gap junction channels (GJC), facilitating cellular and tissue homeostasis. A GJC is formed by the interaction of two hemichannels; each one of these hemic...
Ocular surgery encompasses a wide range of procedures, including surgery of the tear ducts, eyelid, cornea and conjunctiva, lens, ocular muscle, and vitreoretinal and iris surgery. Operations are also performed for the removal of tumors, repairs of o...
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common, multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface. Although DED can affect individuals at any age, its prevalence, clinical manifestations, underlying mechanisms, and optimal management strategies differ considerably ac...
Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) complicates the diagnosis and treatment of glioma, partly due to the diverse metabolic profiles driven by underlying genomic alterations. While multiparametric imaging enhances the characterization of ITH by capturing...
Frozen storage is necessary to preserve expressed human milk for critically ill and very preterm infants. Milk pasteurization is essential for donor milk given to this special population. Due to these storage and processing conditions, subtle changes...
Patient-specific instruments (PSIs) have become a valuable tool for osteotomy guidance in complex surgical scenarios such as pelvic tumor resection. They provide similar accuracy to surgical navigation systems but are generally more convenient and fa...
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