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10.3390/cancers13112608
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Article

The Real-World Data in Japanese Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Lenvatinib from a Nationwide Multicenter Study

by
Kaoru Tsuchiya
1,†,
Masayuki Kurosaki
1,†,
Azusa Sakamoto
2,
Hiroyuki Marusawa
2,
Yuji Kojima
3,
Chitomi Hasebe
4,
Hirotaka Arai
5,
Kouji Joko
6,
Masahiko Kondo
7,
Keiji Tsuji
8,
Tetsuro Sohda
9,
Hiroyuki Kimura
10,
Chikara Ogawa
11,
Yasushi Uchida
12,
Shuichi Wada
13,
Haruhiko Kobashi
14,
Koichiro Furuta
15,
Masaya Shigeno
16,
Atsunori Kusakabe
17,
Takehiro Akahane
18,
Ryoichi Narita
19,
Hideo Yoshida
20,
Akeri Mitsuda
21,
Yasushi Ide
22,
Tomomichi Matsushita
23,
Namiki Izumi
1,* and ‡add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo 180-8610, Japan
2
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Osaka Hospital, Osaka 543-855, Japan
3
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Ise Hospital, Ise 516-8512, Japan
4
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Asahikawa Hospital, Asahikawa 070-8530, Japan
5
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi 371-0811, Japan
6
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Matsuyama 790-8524, Japan
7
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital, Otsu 520-0046, Japan
8
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima 730-0052, Japan
9
Department of Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Fukuoka Hospital, Fukuoka 815-8555, Japan
10
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto 605-0981, Japan
11
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Takamatsu 760-0017, Japan
12
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, Matsue 690-0886, Japan
13
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Nagano Hospital, Nagano 380-0928, Japan
14
Department of Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Okayama 770-8607, Japan
15
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Masuda Hospital, Masuda 698-8501, Japan
16
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki 852-8511, Japan
17
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya 466-8650, Japan
18
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki 986-8522, Japan
19
Department of Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Oita Hospital, Oita 870-0033, Japan
20
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo 150-8935, Japan
21
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Tottori Hospital, Tottori 680-8517, Japan
22
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Karatsu Hospital, Karatsu 847-8588, Japan
23
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Gifu Hospital, Gifu 502-8511, Japan
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These two authors contributed equally to this work.
‡
Japanese Red Cross Liver Study Group.
Academic Editor: Alessandro Vitale
Cancers 2021, 13(11), 2608; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112608
Received: 14 March 2021 / Revised: 29 April 2021 / Accepted: 7 May 2021 / Published: 26 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Therapy)
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Simple Summary

The first-line systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy in many guidelines for HCC, however, there are no established therapeutic strategies in patients with intermediate stage and beyond the combination therapy. The aim of our retrospective study was to assess the real-world efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in Japanese patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The results including median OS and PFS according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, liver function, and treatment history would be useful for making treatment strategies for patients with intermediate and beyond the combination therapy.

Abstract

Background: Lenvatinib (LEN) has been approved for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u-HCC) since March 2018 in Japan. We performed a retrospective nationwide multicenter study to clarify the clinical characteristics of LEN in real-world practice. Methods: A total of 343 u-HCC patients who received LEN from March 2018 to May 2020 at 23 sites in Japan were registered. Results: During the median observation period of 10.5 months, 143 patients died. In Child-Pugh A (n = 276) and Child-Pugh B (n = 67) patients, the median overall survival (OS) was 21.0 and 9.0 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.8 months in Child-Pugh A patients. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) according to modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST criteria) were 42.1% and 82.1%. The independent pretreatment factors associated with mortality in all patients were AFP ≥ 400 ng/mL (hazard ratio (HR) 2.00, 95% confidential interval (95% CI) 1.08–2.09, p < 0.0001), modified albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade 2b or 3 (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.09–2.17, p = 0.012), major vascular invasion (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.26–2.89, p = 0.0022), PS > 0 (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.09–2.08, p = 0.014), and MTT (molecular targeted therapy) experience (HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.56–3.13, p = 0.00038). In the MTT naïve patients with ALBI grade 1 or modified ALBI 2a and BCLC stage B (n = 68), median OS and PFS were 25.3 and 12.3 months. Liver-related adverse events during LEN were the only significant adverse event associated with OS (HR 2.74, 95% CI 1.93–3.88, p < 0.0001). Among the Child-Pugh A patients with extrahepatic metastasis and no major vascular invasion, median PFS in the patients with bone metastasis was significantly shorter than those with lung or adrenal grand metastasis (6.3 vs. 12.5 months, p = 0.0025). Conclusion: LEN showed a high response rate in real-world practice. Pretreatment factors, including ALBI score, AFP, and major vascular invasion are important in making a treatment strategy for patients with u-HCC. The patients with bone metastasis would be candidates for new therapeutic approaches. View Full-Text
Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma; lenvatinib; AFP; ALBI grade; bone metastasis hepatocellular carcinoma; lenvatinib; AFP; ALBI grade; bone metastasis
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MDPI and ACS Style

Tsuchiya, K.; Kurosaki, M.; Sakamoto, A.; Marusawa, H.; Kojima, Y.; Hasebe, C.; Arai, H.; Joko, K.; Kondo, M.; Tsuji, K.; Sohda, T.; Kimura, H.; Ogawa, C.; Uchida, Y.; Wada, S.; Kobashi, H.; Furuta, K.; Shigeno, M.; Kusakabe, A.; Akahane, T.; Narita, R.; Yoshida, H.; Mitsuda, A.; Ide, Y.; Matsushita, T.; Izumi, N.; on behalf of Japanese Red Cross Liver Study Group. The Real-World Data in Japanese Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Lenvatinib from a Nationwide Multicenter Study. Cancers 2021, 13, 2608. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112608

AMA Style

Tsuchiya K, Kurosaki M, Sakamoto A, Marusawa H, Kojima Y, Hasebe C, Arai H, Joko K, Kondo M, Tsuji K, Sohda T, Kimura H, Ogawa C, Uchida Y, Wada S, Kobashi H, Furuta K, Shigeno M, Kusakabe A, Akahane T, Narita R, Yoshida H, Mitsuda A, Ide Y, Matsushita T, Izumi N, on behalf of Japanese Red Cross Liver Study Group. The Real-World Data in Japanese Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Lenvatinib from a Nationwide Multicenter Study. Cancers. 2021; 13(11):2608. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112608

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsuchiya, Kaoru, Masayuki Kurosaki, Azusa Sakamoto, Hiroyuki Marusawa, Yuji Kojima, Chitomi Hasebe, Hirotaka Arai, Kouji Joko, Masahiko Kondo, Keiji Tsuji, Tetsuro Sohda, Hiroyuki Kimura, Chikara Ogawa, Yasushi Uchida, Shuichi Wada, Haruhiko Kobashi, Koichiro Furuta, Masaya Shigeno, Atsunori Kusakabe, Takehiro Akahane, Ryoichi Narita, Hideo Yoshida, Akeri Mitsuda, Yasushi Ide, Tomomichi Matsushita, Namiki Izumi, and on behalf of Japanese Red Cross Liver Study Group. 2021. "The Real-World Data in Japanese Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Lenvatinib from a Nationwide Multicenter Study" Cancers 13, no. 11: 2608. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112608

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