167 Results Found

In the present study, the effectiveness of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was evaluated by behavioral tests in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) hemi-parkinsonian (PD) rats. Pharmacokinetic measurements of GIP were carried out at the sam...

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) exerts extra-pancreatic effects via the GIP receptor (GIPR). Herein, we investigated the effects of GIP on force-induced bone remodeling by orthodontic tooth movement using a closed-coil spring in GI...

The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) is aberrantly expressed in about one-third of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas (GH-PAs) and has been associated with a paradoxical increase of GH after a glucose load. The reason for suc...

Elevated glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) levels in obesity may predict the metabolic benefits of n-3 PUFA supplementation. This placebo-controlled trial aimed to analyze fasting and postprandial GIP response to 3-month n-3 PUFA supplem...

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are incretins that regulate postprandial glucose regulation, stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells in response to food ingestion. Modified GLP...

Coronary artery disease (CAD), which is the manifestation of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries, is the most common single cause of death and is responsible for disabilities of millions of people worldwide. Despite numerous dedicated clinical studi...

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was the first incretin hormone identified, best known for promoting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Increasing evidence has expanded its physiological relevance beyond glucose metabolism, revea...

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) have been reported to cause dysglycemia in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. However, diabetic patients are usually on polypharmacy, so we cannot attribute the dysglycemia specifically to FQs. To answer the question as t...

Phellinu igniarius (P. igniarius), a basidiomycete belonging to the family Polyporaceae, is a medicinal basidiomycetous fungus belonging to the Hymenochaetaceae and is an excellent remedy with anticancer and antioxidant qualities. The mushroom has be...

The loss of muscle mass and strength with aging (i.e., sarcopenia) has a negative effect on functional independence and overall quality of life. One main contributing factor to sarcopenia is the reduced ability to increase skeletal muscle protein syn...

Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease, and about 30–40% of patients with diabetes will develop kidney disease. Incretin hormones have received attention during the past three decades not only as a pharmacotherapy for...

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has been reported to have an atheroprotective property in animal models. However, the effect of GIP on macrophage foam cell formation, a crucial step of atherosclerosis, remains largely unknown. We i...

Postprandial hypotension (PPH) is an important and under-recognised disorder resulting from inadequate compensatory cardiovascular responses to meal-induced splanchnic blood pooling. Current approaches to management are suboptimal. Recent studies hav...

The T-2 toxin, a major secondary metabolite of Fusarium Gramineae, is considered a great risk to humans and animals due to its toxicity, such as inducing emesis. The mechanism of emesis is a complex signal involving an imbalance of hormones and neuro...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are two gut hormones, defined incretins, responsible for the amplification of insulin secretion after oral glucose intake. Unlike GLP-1, GIP has little acute effec...

Recent clinical trials using synthetic incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists have demonstrated that these treatments ameliorated many complications related to obes...

Deoxynivalenol (DON), the most naturally-occurring trichothecenes, may affect animal and human health by causing vomiting as a hallmark of food poisoning. Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) usually co-occurs with DON as its glucosylated form and is ano...

Resistant starch (RS) has been shown to improve postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity in adults with metabolic syndrome. RS is found naturally in potatoes, where the amount varies based on cooking method and serving temperature. Thirty female...

The effect of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) on cells under oxidative stress induced by glutamate, a neurotransmitter, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were assessed in the present study. We found that in the pre-treatment...

Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are interdependent multifactorial processes that cannot be understood separately. Obesity leads to systemic inflammation and increased levels of free fatty acids that provoke IR and lipotoxicity. At the same time,...

Imaging and radiotherapy targeting the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) could potentially benefit the management of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), complementing clinically established radiopharmaceuticals. The aim of thi...

Adipose tissue (AT) represents a plastic organ that can undergo significant remodeling in response to metabolic demands. With its numerous checkpoints, the incretin system seems to play a significant role in controlling glucose homeostasis and energy...

The gut-derived incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are secreted after meal ingestion and work in concert to promote postprandial insulin secretion. Furthermore, GLP-1 inhibits gluc...

The prevalence of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases globally. This highlights an unmet need for identifying optimal therapies for the management of these conditions. Ti...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based drugs have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. More recent developments of unimolecular peptides targeti...

Background: We aimed to investigate the changes in glucagon levels in people with diabetes after the ingestion of a mixed meal and the correlations of variation in glucagon levels with incretin and clinico-biochemical characteristics. Methods: Glucos...

Stable analogues of the adipokine apelin-13 have shown promising therapeutic potential via APJ receptor activation in isolated β-cells and in animal models of obesity-related diabetes. Incretin mimetics such as exenatide that bind to GLP-1 recep...

As glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) possesses pro-adipogenic action, the suppression of the GIP hypersecretion seen in obesity might represent a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of obesity. However, the mechanism of GIP h...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant health concern, with an estimated 70 million annual cases worldwide. Mild brain trauma (concussions) is the most common TBI (81%), followed by moderate (11%) and severe (8%). Cytokine release and...

Background/Objectives: The gut–heart axis has garnered increasing attention. Incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), along with trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), have been i...

Background: The ingestion of whey protein and amino acids with carbohydrate (CHO) enhances the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent-insulinotropic peptide (GIP) that promote insulin secretion. It is unknown if L-isoleucine...

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) of the incretin group has been shown to exert pleiotropic actions. There is growing evidence that advanced glycation end products (AGEs), senescent macromolecules formed at an accelerated rate under...

GIP_HUMAN [22–51] is a recently discovered peptide that shares the same precursor molecule with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). In vivo, chronic infusion of GIP_HUMAN [22–51] in ApoE−/− mice enhanced the development of aortic athe...

Obesity-driven inflammation disrupts gut barrier integrity and promotes inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Emerging evidence highlights gut hormones—including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), glucose-dependent in...

Spurred by the enormous therapeutic success of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (GLP1-RAs) against diabetes and obesity, glucagon family receptor pharmacology has garnered a tremendous amount of interest. Glucagon family receptors,...

Background: Artocarpus heterophyllus, familiar as jackfruit, is a tropical fruit highly valued not only for its nutritional content but also for its medicinal properties, including potential antidiabetic effects. Objectives: This study aimed to evalu...

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a millennia-long history, with early references dating back to ancient Egypt and India. However, it was not until the 20th century that the connection between diabetes and insulin was fully understood. The seq...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether incretins, at physiological levels, affect hepatic and/or extrahepatic insulin clearance. Hepatic and extrahepatic insulin clearance was studied in 31 double incretin receptor knockout (DIRKO) and 45 w...

Protein hydrolysates from low-value underutilised fish species are potential sources of high-quality dietary protein and health enhancing peptides. Six blue whiting soluble protein hydrolysates (BW-SPH-A_F), generated at industrial scale using differ...

Background/Objectives: Bioactive peptides derived from animal venoms, toxins, and secretions demonstrate considerable pharmacological potential for use in the management of diabetes mellitus—a highly prevalent metabolic disorder of substantial...

Mathematical modelling in glucose metabolism has proven very useful for different reasons. Several models have allowed deeper understanding of the relevant physiological and pathophysiological aspects and promoted new experimental activity to reach i...

This study determined the effects of increasing loads of intraduodenal (ID) dairy protein on plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, and their relationships with serum insulin, plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and energy intake. Sixteen healthy...

An increase in the rates of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetic complications is a global concern. Glycemic control is important to prevent the development and progression of diabetic complications. Various classes of anti-diabetic agent...

Epidemiologic studies show that the risk of diabetes can be reduced by ingesting green tea or coffee. Previous studies have shown that simultaneously taking green tea catechins (GTC) and coffee chlorogenic acid (CCA) alters postprandial gastrointesti...

We showed that twenty weeks of SuperJump activity, an innovative workout training performed on an elastic minitrampoline, reduced bone resorption and increased bone formation in eumenorrheic women acting on the key points of the regulation of bone me...

Nesfatin-1 and nesfatin-1-like peptide (Nlp) are derived from precursors nucleobindin-2 and -1, two calcium and DNA binding proteins, respectively. Both peptides exhibit hormone-like actions in mammals and fish. These functions include insulinotropic...

Aim: Myricetin, a natural bioflavonoid, is reported as an anti-diabetic agent since it possesses the ability to inhibit α-glucosidase activity, stimulate insulin action and secretion, manage ROS, and prevent diabetes complications. Myricetin wa...

The incretin hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) play central roles in metabolic and cardiovascular regulation. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are established therapies for type 2 diabet...

Emerging clinical data support the paradoxical notion that glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) agonism and antagonism can provide additive weight loss when combined with a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1...

Metabolic illnesses, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, have become worldwide epidemics that have an effect on public health. Clinical investigations and further exploration of these mechanisms could lead to innovative, effective, and personalize...