The aim of this paper is to review and compare present European and Indian grid code requirements imposed to hybrid power plants (HPPs) combining wind, solar and storage technologies. Since there are no grid codes specifically for HPPs, the paper wil...
Isolated electrical systems lack electrical interconnection to other networks and are usually placed in geographically isolated areas—mainly islands or locations in developing countries. Until recently, only diesel generators were able to assure a sa...
Detection of unintentional islanding is critical in microgrids in order to guarantee personal safety and avoid equipment damage. Most islanding detection techniques are based on monitoring and detecting abnormalities in magnitudes such as frequency,...
To ensure the stability and reliability of the power network operation, a number of Grid Codes have been used to specify the technical boundary requirements for different countries and areas. With the fast propagation of the usage of Electrical Energ...
Rapid integration of renewable energy into the electric grid has ramifications for grid management and planning. Therefore, system operators have formulated grid code requirements to ensure that the grid continues to operate in a secure, safe, and co...
In this study, the grid-connected mode of operation was evaluated, considering the renewable energy grid codes. First, the renewable energy grid code specifications have been revisited, focusing mainly on large-scale renewable power plants. An interc...
As the amount of collected spatial information (2D/3D) increases, the real-time processing of these massive data is among the urgent issues that need to be dealt with. Discretizing the physical earth into a digital gridded earth and assigning an inte...
Each country must determine the Grid Code conditions and apply these criteria to integrate distributed generation (DG) systems into the existing electricity grid and to ensure a stable power system. Thus, experimental studies are required to provide...
DGGS (Discrete Global Grid System) has many subdivision models and coding methods. Due to the lack of underlying consistency of different DGGS codes, most of them are converted through longitude–latitude, which greatly reduces the interoperabil...
The increasing deployment of wind power is reducing inertia in power systems. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology can help to improve the stability of AC areas in which a frequency response is required. Moreover, multi-terminal DC (MTDC) ne...
Transmission system operators impose several grid-code constraints on large-scale wind farms to ensure power system stability. These constraints may reduce the net profit of the wind farm operators due to their inability to sell all the power. The vi...
City components are important elements of a city, and their identification plays a key role in digital city management. Various identification codes have been proposed by different departments and systems over the years, however, their application ha...
This paper proposes a dynamic current limit for modular multilevel converters (MMCs) that maximizes the injection of current during grid faults in order to mitigate the voltage dip, reduce voltage imbalances in case of an asymmetrical fault, and ensu...
In this paper, a hybrid energy management system is developed to optimize the operation of a wind farm (WF) by combining centralized and decentralized approaches. A two-stage optimization strategy, including distributed information sharing (stage 1);...
As new grid codes have been created to permit the integration of large scale photovoltaic power plants into the transmission system, the enhancement of the local control of the photovoltaic (PV) generators is necessary. Thus, the objective of this pa...
The aim of this paper is to present a methodology for dimensioning an energy storage system (ESS) to the generation data measured in an operating wave energy generation plant connected to the electric grid in the north of Spain. The selection criteri...
The marine fishery is a high-risk industry, and when a fishing vessel is in distress at sea, it is essential to protect the lives of the fishermen by implementing a fast and effective rescue for the vessel in distress. In this process, quickly retrie...
Promoting a sustainable and low-carbon energy future through the integration of renewable energy is essential, yet it presents significant challenges due to the intermittent nature of resources such as solar and wind. This paper examines the technolo...
Wind power is positioned as one of the fastest-growing energy sources today, while also being a mature technology with a strong capacity for creating employment and guaranteeing environmental sustainability. However, the stochastic nature of wind may...
Operation of doubly fed induction generators subjected to transient unbalanced voltage dips is analyzed in this article to verify the fulfillment of the Spanish grid code. Akagi’s p-q theory is not used for this study, because control of the electron...
With the increasing penetration of converter-based power sources into the power system, the performance of the converter has become a key factor for enhancing grid reliability, especially during asymmetrical faults. To meet the low voltage ride-throu...
The increasing rate of renewable energy penetration in modern power grids has prompted updates to the regulations, standards, and grid codes requiring ancillary services provided by photovoltaic-generating units similar to those applied to convention...
Renewable power generation has increased in recent years, which has led to a decrease in the use of synchronous generators (SGs). These power plants are mainly connected to the power system through electronic converters. One of the main differences b...
Cogeneration sources play a very important role in the power industry with dispersed renewable sources with forced generation (e.g., photovoltaics and wind generators). They also fit into the circular economy by increasing the efficiency of fuel use,...
This research presents a secondary control for a grid-supporting microgrid with photovoltaics sources to guarantee grid code compliance and ancillary services. The secondary control accomplishes the fault ride-through, which implements a delayed sign...
Compared with the traditional grid-following photovoltaic grid-connected converter (GFL-PGC), the grid-forming photovoltaic grid-connected converter (GFM-PGC) can provide voltage and frequency support for power systems, which can effectively enhance...
This paper proposes a methodology for tuning a supervisory and frequency-response outer loop control system of a multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) grid designed to transmit offshore wind energy to an onshore AC grid, and to provide frequency suppo...
The high penetration level of solar photovoltaic (SPV) generation systems imposes a major challenge to the secure operation of power systems. SPV generation systems are connected to the power grid via power converters. During a fault on the grid side...
Distributed grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) generation explores several methods that produce energy at or near the point of consumption, with the aim of reducing electricity losses among transmission networks. Consequently, home on-grid PV applicati...
The generation and integration of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) into the utility grid have increased dramatically over the past two decades. In this sense, and to ensure a high quality of the PVPPs generated power as well as a contribution on the...
We consider the problem of designing grid quorum systems for maximum distance separable (MDS) erasure code based distributed storage systems. Quorums are used as a mechanism to maintain consistency in replication based storage systems, for which grid...
The increasing share of converter-based renewable energy sources in the power system has forced the system operators to demand voltage support from the converters in case of faults. In the case of symmetric faults, all the phases have equal voltage s...
Grid codes in many countries require low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability to maintain power system stability and reliability during grid fault conditions. To meet the LVRT requirement, wind power systems must stay connected to the grid and also...
Power systems are currently witnessing a high wind-power penetration due to the development and commissioning of an increasing number of wind-power plants. This new scenario inevitably changes the way power systems are operated, mainly due to the unc...
The significance of low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability in wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) is paramount for ensuring grid stability and reliability during voltage dips. This systematic review delves into the advancements, challenges, an...
To date, the grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system has drawn consideration from researchers and academicians due to the speedy improvement and the declining price of solar panels. The proficiency and dependability of a grid integrated PV syst...
This paper presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of different energy storage systems (ESSs) in providing low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) support for power electronics-based electrolyzer systems. A framework for analyzing the performance o...
As the penetration of wind energy is being dramatically increased, the impact of wind energy on the power system should be roundly studied, especially for the fault characteristics analysis and applicability analysis of low voltage ride-through (LVRT...
Synthetic inertia (SI) enables wind turbine generators (WTGs) to support frequency stability by releasing stored kinetic energy during disturbances. Existing grid-code requirements, such as those of Hydro-Québec TransÉnergie (HQT) and E...
During voltage dips, wind turbines must remain connected to the electrical grid and contribute to voltage stabilization. This study analyzes the impact of voltage dips arising from grid faults on Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based Wind Energ...
Global warming and rising energy demands have increased renewable energy (RE) usage globally. Wind energy has become the most technologically advanced renewable energy source. Wind turbines (WTs) must ride through faults to ensure power system stabil...
The integration of commercial onshore large-scale wind farms into a national grid comes with several technical issues that predominately ensure power quality in accordance with respective grid codes. The resulting impacts are complemented with the ab...
Due to uncertain photovoltaic (PV) power generation, analyzing the voltage stability of transmission networks with a large PV plant is challenging. The stability of PV output power is a critical factor in establishing PV penetration levels in active...
Address geolocation aims to associate address texts to the geographic locations. In China, due to the increasing demand for LBS applications such as take-out services and express delivery, automatically geolocating the unstructured address informatio...
Accidental or malicious releases in the atmosphere are more likely to occur in built-up areas, where flow and dispersion are complex. The EMERGENCIES project aims to demonstrate the operational feasibility of three-dimensional simulation as a support...
This paper presents secondary voltage control by extracting reactive power from renewable power technologies to control load buses voltage in a power system at different operating conditions. The study is performed on a 100% renewable 14-bus system....
Despite the benefits of wind and solar photovoltaic generation, its stochastic characteristic imposes uncertainties on the electric power system’s transient stability. The dynamics considering large synchronous generators has been studied for m...
To maintain power system stability and supply quality when integrating doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion systems (DFIG-WECSs), regulators regularly update grid codes specifying low voltage ride-through (LVRT) requirem...
The expansion of wind power around the world poses a new challenge that network operators must overcome, namely the integration of this renewable energy source into the grid. Comprehensive analyses involving time-domain simulations must be carried ou...
To ensure system stability, national grid codes often require converter-based generators to provide fault-ride-through (FRT) capabilities and dynamic voltage support, according to which they should stay connected and support the voltage during fault...
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