Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and many peripheral organs, such as the digestive tract, endocrine, reproductive and respiratory systems, where it pla...
Many evaluation tools for predicting human absorption are well-known for using cultured cell lines such as Caco-2, MDCK, and so on. Since the combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening system, pharmacological assay, and pharmaceutical prof...
Long COVID is an emergent, heterogeneous, and multisystemic condition with an increasingly important impact also on the pediatric population. Among long COVID symptoms, patients can experience chronic gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain,...
More than 50 years ago, the first concepts for gastroretentive drug delivery systems were developed. Despite extensive research in this field, there is no single formulation concept for which reliable gastroretention has been demonstrated under diffe...
The gut microbiota plays a key role in gastrointestinal immune and metabolic functions and is influenced by dietary composition. An in vitro protocol simulating the physiological conditions of the digestive system helps to study the effects of foods/...
Until recently, glia were considered to be a structural support for neurons, however further investigations showed that glial cells are equally as important as neurons. Among many different types of glia, enteric glial cells (EGCs) found in the gastr...
The development of novel dosage forms of vitamin B12 is an urgent task for addressing vitamin deficiency in individuals with gastrointestinal diseases or those following stringent dietary limitations. The study illustrates the fundamental possibility...
Based on recent advances in research of chronic inflammatory conditions, there is a growing body of evidence that suggests a close correlation between the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract and the physiologic activity of the immune system. Thi...
The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) is a bidirectional signaling pathway mediating the interaction of the microbiota, the intestine, and the central nervous system. While the MGBA plays a pivotal role in normal development and physiology of the nerv...
Despite promising health effects, the probiotic status of Streptococcus thermophilus, a lactic acid bacterium widely used in dairy industry, requires further documentation of its physiological status during human gastrointestinal passage. This study...
The irregular lifestyle of airline crew members, wide/adverse job-related exposures, and the impact of temporary hypoxia on gut microbiota well-being have increased concern about the daily recommended dose of certain nutrients among flight crew. The...
Grape-derived phenolic compounds possess many health benefits, but their biological effectiveness and their effects on human health depend directly on bioaccessibility. Different physiological conditions, interactions with food compounds (proteins, l...
Guinea pigs are a traditional and frequently used species in gastrointestinal research. Comprehensive knowledge of basic parameters connected with their intestinal function, such as feed intake, fecal pellet output and gastrointestinal transit time,...
Oral specially coated formulations have the potential to improve treatment outcomes of a range of diseases in distal intestinal tract whilst limiting systemic drug absorption and adverse effects. Their development is challenging, partly because of li...
The harsh conditions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau pose significant physiological challenges to local fauna, often resulting in gastrointestinal disorders. However, Tibetan pigs have exhibited remarkable adaptability to the high-altitude stress...
It is known that nitric oxide (NO) plays a key physiological role in the control of gastrointestinal (GI) motor phenomena. In this respect, NO is considered as the main non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory neurotransmitter responsible fo...
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a widespread anthocyanin derivative, which has been reported in vitro to exert potent antioxidant, antiglycation and α-glucosidase inhibition effects. Nevertheless, the physiological relevance of such properties remain...
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a critical gasotransmitter that plays a dual role in physiological and pathological processes, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. While physiological levels of H2S exert cytoprotective effects, excessive concentrati...
Accumulating evidence indicates that chronic exposure to a low level of pesticides found in diet affects the human gut-microbiota–blood–brain barrier (BBB) axis. This axis describes the physiological and bidirectional connection between t...
Polyphenolic extracts from pine bark have reported different biological actions and promising beneficial effects on human health. However, its susceptibility to environmental stresses (temperature, storage, etc.) and physiological human conditions pr...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), acting as inherent nanocarriers adept at transporting a range of different biological molecules such as proteins, lipids, and genetic material, exhibit diverse functions within the gastroenteric tract. In states of norma...
Background: Prevention plays a key role in ensuring health and safety and is particularly important in scenarios when life is threatened. Adverse thermal conditions are experienced by billions of people daily, affecting the human capacity for thermor...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small noncoding RNA that can regulate the expression of target genes under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. miR-155 is a multifunctional miRNA with inflammation-related and oncogenic roles. In particul...
M10, a novel myricetin derivative, is an anti-inflammatory agent designed for treatment of colitis. Here, we aim to investigate its pharmacokinetic behavior and tissue distribution in a mouse model with colitis. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distributi...
Human infectious fungal diseases are increasing, despite improved hygienic conditions. We present a case of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) in a 20-year-old male with a history of progressively worsening abdominal pain. The causative agent...
Probiotics are living microorganisms recognized for conferring health benefits on the host by modulating the gut microbiota. They interact with various signaling pathways, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which plays a crucial role in m...
Bariatric surgery involves major changes in the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, which may alter oral drug bioavailability and efficacy. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5i) drugs are the first-line treatment of erectile dysfunc...
Antibiotic therapy through short-term or repeated long-term prescriptions can have several damaging effects on the normal microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in microbiota could be multiple including decreased diversity of species in gu...
Anorectal manometry is one of the most frequently performed gastrointestinal motility studies in children. It is an important study in diagnosing Hirschsprung disease (HD). These procedures can be uncomfortable, painful and emotionally distressing. N...
Introduction: Environmental exposure to indoor dust is known to be associated with myriad health conditions, especially among children. Established routes of exposure include inhalation and non-dietary ingestion, which result in the direct exposure o...
There is a need to rapidly screen individuals for heat strain and fever using skin temperature (Tsk) as an index of deep body temperature (Tb). This study’s aim was to assess whether Tsk could serve as an accurate and valid index of Tb during a...
It is well-known that microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with numerous diseases in the human body. The oral cavity and gut are the two largest microbial habitats, playing a major role in microbiome-associated diseases. Even though the oral ca...
The presence of components of nutritional interest makes fresh almond bagasse an interesting by-product for obtaining functional ingredients. Stabilization through a dehydration process is an interesting option for its integral use, ensuring its cons...
Incorporation of lanthanide (Ln) and actinide (An) ions into the human body poses significant chemotoxic and radiotoxic risks, necessitating effective decorporation strategies. This study investigates the displacement of biologically relevant ligands...
The intestinal barrier is the main barrier against all of the substances that enter the body. Proper functioning of this barrier guarantees maintained balance in the organism. Mycotoxins are toxic, secondary fungi metabolites, that have a negative im...
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves perturbation of intestinal immune homeostasis in genetically susceptible individuals. A mutual interplay between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and gut resident microbes maintains a ho...
Genetic abnormalities such as nucleotide alterations and chromosomal disorders that accumulate in various tumor-related genes have an important role in cancer development. The precise mechanism of the acquisition of genetic aberrations, however, rema...
Interpretation of bowel sounds (BS) provides a convenient and non-invasive technique to aid in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) conditions. However, the approach’s potential is limited by variation between BS and their irregular occurrenc...
The bioavailability of an orally administered small molecule is often dictated by drug-specific physicochemical characteristics and is influenced by many biological processes. For example, in fed or fasted conditions, the transit time within the gast...
Aging is a multifactorial biological process characterized by a decline in physiological function and increasing susceptibility to various diseases, including malignancies and gastrointestinal disorders. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is h...
Oxygen is used by eukaryotic cells for metabolic transformations and energy production in mitochondria. Under physiological conditions, there is a constant endogenous production of intermediates of reactive oxygen (ROI) and nitrogen species (RNI) tha...
There is growing evidence that perturbation of the gut microbiome, known as “dysbiosis”, is associated with the pathogenesis of human and veterinary diseases that are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. In this regard, recent st...
Probiotics have been emerging as a safe and viable alternative to antibiotics for increasing performance in livestock. Literature was collated via retrieved information from online databases, viz, PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Scienc...
Paliperidone was approved by the US FDA in 2006 as an extended-release (ER) tablet (Invega®) for the once-daily treatment of schizophrenia. This osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS) offers advantages, such as the prevention of p...
Hypothermia is a widespread condition all over the world, with a high risk of mortality in pre-hospital and in-hospital settings when it is not promptly and adequately treated. In this review, we aim to describe the main specificities of the diagnosi...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial and complex condition of the gastrointestinal tract shaped by host genetics, immune dysregulation, gut microbiota and environmental determinants, with a steadily rising global prevalence. Although...
Hunger and satiety are controlled by several physiological mechanisms, including pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones. While the influence of exercise and fasting have been described individually, in relation to these hormones, there is a paucity...
Food-derived bioactive peptides are reported as beneficial and safe for human health. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a milk-protein-derived peptide that, in addition to its nutritional value, retains many biological properties and has therapeutic effects...
Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) lectins exhibit differential in vitro and in vivo biological effects, but their gastrointestinal interactions and digestion have not yet been assessed. This work aimed to evaluate the changes of a recombinant Tepar...
Probiotics provide significant health benefits, but their viability is often compromised during production, storage, and passage through the gastrointestinal tract. These challenges hinder their effective incorporation into functional applications, p...
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