509 Results Found

Landslides and rockfalls can negatively impact human activities and cause radical changes to the surrounding environment. For example, they can destroy entire buildings and roadway infrastructure, block waterways and create sudden dams, resulting in...

This paper systematically examines the feasibility of using ultrasonic vibration excitation for rock breakage and fragmentation; it focuses on the failure mechanisms of rock mass under the impact of ultrasonic waves, and the development of ultrasonic...

While empirical rock fragmentation models are easy to parameterize for blast design, they are usually prone to errors, resulting in less accurate fragment size prediction. Among other shortfalls, these models may be unable to accurately account for t...

Rock fragmentation is a key indicator for evaluating the effects of rock blasting and directly impacts subsequent excavation efficiency. However, predicting rock fragmentation outcomes is challenging due to the complex physical and chemical processes...

The effect of inter-ring delay time (IRDT) on rock fragmentation in the tunnel excavation blasting was studied at the Xinjiang Beizhan Iron Mine, China, to improve the rock fragmentation and optimize the blast design. Blasting tests were conducted wi...

The accurate calculation of ore rock fragmentation is important for achieving the autonomous mining operation of mine excavators. However, a single mode cannot accurately calculate the ore rock fragmentation due to the low resolution of the point clo...

Mining enterprises are widely introducing digital technologies and automation is one of such tools. Granularity monitoring, namely, the size determination of rock mass pieces is a common operational component of the processes that extract minerals by...

We used the hyperbolic Drucker–Prager and damage-failure models to simulate a three-dimensional rock fragmentation with a tunnel boring machine (TBM) disc cutter through ABAQUS. The energy entropy method was proposed to identify the optimal dis...

Based on a properly modified testing platform and Physical Acoustics Corporation (PAC) Micro-II acoustic emission (AE) system, a series of sequential indentation tests on granite samples with five different water contents was conducted to investigate...

This review provides the hydration and volume expansion mechanism of expansive materials, with the goal of utilizing them in the development of sustainable mining methods. The main focus of the review will be the newly developed non-destructible rock...

The two most frequently heard terms in the mining industry are safety and production. These two terms put a lot of pressure on blasting engineers and crew to give more while consuming less. The key to achieving the optimum blasting results is sophist...

Rock’s response time to blasting (Tmin) refers to the critical time elapsed between the detonation of the explosive to the fragmentation and displacement of the rock, and it is a fundamental parameter that directly impacts blast-induced fragmen...

Soil erosion is serious in China—the soil in plateau and mountain areas contain a large of rock fragments, and their content and distribution have an important influence on soil erosion. However, there are still no complete results for calculat...

Borehole drilling is required if floor heave in underground mines is to be controlled using bolts through the floor. How well the bolt is anchored depends, in part, on the borehole’s quality. A major factor that can reduce borehole quality is t...

Rock fragmentation is an important evaluation indicator for field blasting operations. This paper applies a deep learning-based method, the Segment Anything Model (SAM), to automatically segment rock fragments. To review the SAM’s segmentation...

In this study, the mechanisms of rock breakage are assessed using tunnel boring machine (TBM) disc cutters under bi-axial pressure. Sequential indentation tests were conducted on granite specimens using a tri-axial testing platform. The morphology an...

Rock fragments obtained by excavation can provide information for evaluating the excavation efficiency, for which the coarseness index (CI) and particle size parameters (d50, dMPS, and d′) are used. However, CI depends on the number and size of...

Real-scale fragmentation tests provide high quality data in order to study the fragmentation pattern of rock blocks. In the tests carried out, the initial rock mass, in terms of both volume and shape, was reconstructed by means of 3D photogrammetry....

Global energy and material consumption are expected to rise in exponential proportions during the next few decades, generating huge demands for deep earth energy (oil/gas) recovery and mineral processing. Under such circumstances, the continuation of...

Rock blasting with explosives is the first stage of rock fragmentation and plays a key role in the results of the mining chain. Fragmentation optimization is achieved by considering the energy efficiency of the explosive, the optimal distribution of...

Rock fragmentation by blasting influences ore recovery and the cost of downstream operations. The development of electronic detonators makes it possible to improve fragmentation by controlling the initiation timing in blasting projects, and the effec...

Stemming length and stemming materials are crucial factors in blasting design, which affect the sustainability of mining. This study investigates the influence of stemming length and stemming material on rock fragmentation, stemming recoil, and surfa...

The erodibility and erosion resistance of Quaternary sediments play a pivotal role in both the hydrologic and erosion processes of soil cut slopes. To investigate the runoff and sediment yield of soil cut slopes along the Pai-Mo road, we performed in...

Short-range MEMS-based (Micro Electronical Mechanical System) LiDAR provides precise point cloud datasets for rock fragment surfaces. However, there is more vibrational noise in MEMS-based LiDAR signals, which cannot guarantee that the reconstructed...

Delay time is an important factor in the quality of bench blasting. The development and application of electronic detonators make it possible to control the timing of detonation by a highly precise delay time. It is an easily achievable way to seek a...

Taking the roadway peripheral rock anchoring unit as the research object, the rock compression test containing the anchor solid was carried out to analyze the influence of the degree of peripheral rock fragmentation and the anchor support method on t...

It is well known that the first stage of mine-to-mill optimization is rock fragmentation by blasting. The degree of rock fragmentation can be expressed in terms of average grain (X50) size and size distribution. There are approaches in which exponent...

Disc cutters are the dominant tool used in the excavation of hard rock formations in any underground construction application, such as when tunneling using tunnel-boring machines (TBM), as well as in shaft- and raise boring operations. Optimization o...

In order to study the mechanism of crack propagation in rock cutting, experiments and discrete element numerical simulation of rock cutting at different depths were adopted in this paper. The rock fragmentation can be divided into mini-size fragmenta...

The method of drilling and blasting with explosives is widely used in rock fragmentation applications in underground construction projects, such as tunnels and caverns. However, the use of explosives is associated with rigorous safety and environment...

Metal grade dilution is the main production disadvantage of the sublevel caving method, and overcoming this problem has been investigated over the years using different methodologies. Herein, numerical simulation using the discrete element method is...

In rock blasting for mining production, stress waves play a major role in rock fracturing, along with explosive gases. Better energy distribution improves fragmentation and safety, lowers production costs, increases productivity, and controls ore los...

In view of the broken rock mass in the surrounding rock of large underground caverns, the 3D distribution model of the joints is obtained through the on-site investigation of the joints and the digital imaging technology, and the image processing sof...

This study investigates a novel anchor-based method for controlled rock fragmentation, designed as an alternative to conventional excavation or explosive techniques. The proposed solution utilizes a specially modified undercut anchor that induces loc...

Blasting is an effective technique for fragmenting rock in open-pit mining operations. Blasting operations produce either boulders or fine fragments, both of which increase costs and pose environmental risks. As a result, predicting the mean fragment...

In the mining industry, particle size reduction is the most energy-demanding activity. Blasting represents the first stage of comminution. Experimental and field observations have demonstrated that blasting produces two main effects on rock: (i) macr...

Drilling methods have been increasingly employed for shaft excavation in coal mines in western China. However, the rock fragmentation performance of milled-tooth roller cutters remains inadequate under Jurassic strata conditions. To address this issu...

This paper presents an analysis of the influence of the termination geometry of an undercutting anchor drive bolt and the shape of the bottom of the anchor hole on the initiation and progression of failure processes in a rock medium. The study employ...

This study introduces a cohesive and flexible methodology for optimizing tunnel blasting in the Gambang Tunnel 1 project, located in Malaysia’s geologically intricate tropical setting. The study examines the intrinsic difficulties of attaining...

The dominant technology in hard rock mining is drilling and blasting; therefore, the importance of fragment size estimation is an essential problem in the mining industry. By using a theoretical foundation that explains rock-fracturing mechanisms by...

The blasting operation considerably influences the overall productivity of opencast mines, especially when blasting results in oversized fragments that impact the operations ranging from excavation to milling. In this work, a numerical analysis of bl...

Rock fracturing by blasting is the most common and efficient method of rock fragmentation in mining operations. The fragmentation size affects the productivity and costs of downstream operations and is influenced by the rock mass and blast design enc...

Aiming at the problem of the unclear rock burst generation mechanism and anti-impact measures of a large roadway through a coal seam in a deep panel area, taking the rock burst of a large roadway in the first panel area of Gaojiapu Coal Mine as the e...

To study the creep compression characteristics and evolution mechanism of pressure-bearing graded crushed rock under constant load. Creep compression tests of crushed rock were conducted using the self-developed confined compression test system under...

Drilling and blasting remain the preferred technique used for rock mass breaking in mining and construction projects compared to other methods from an economic and productivity point of view. However, rock mass breaking utilizes only a maximum of 30%...

Research on the multi-field coupling effects in rocks has been ongoing for several decades, encompassing studies on single physical fields as well as two-field (TH, TM, HM) and three-field (THM) couplings. However, the environmental conditions of roc...

Chert gravel, a byproduct of sand quarrying, remains an underutilized material in construction due to its low microwave (MW) absorption and high mechanical strength. The present study deals with the potential of MW irradiation as a novel, energy-effi...

With the increasing demand for deep oil and gas exploration and CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage) engineering, improving rock-crushing efficiency stands as a pivotal technology. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted drilling has emerged as a no...

Optimizing the blast energy distribution is crucial for enhancing rock fragmentation, minimizing overexcavation, and boosting profitability in mining operations. This study introduces a theoretical model to predict the blasting Energy Factor (Fe) in...

Roof fall is a frequent and destructive disaster in the working face of extra-thick coal seams. The important technology for disaster elimination is roof grouting, and the key to its success is to accurately predict the distance of the advanced fract...