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Article

Establishment of a Novel Fragmentation Prediction Model Incorporating Rock’s Response Time to Blasting

1
Mining Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34500 Istanbul, Türkiye
2
Tessan Mining Construction Industry Tourism and Trade Joint Stock Company, 34076 Istanbul, Türkiye
3
Erdemir Mining Industry and Trade Inc., 58300 Divrigi, Türkiye
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(17), 9447; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179447
Submission received: 11 August 2025 / Revised: 23 August 2025 / Accepted: 27 August 2025 / Published: 28 August 2025

Abstract

Rock’s response time to blasting (Tₘᵢₙ) refers to the critical time elapsed between the detonation of the explosive to the fragmentation and displacement of the rock, and it is a fundamental parameter that directly impacts blast-induced fragmentation. Although existing studies acknowledge the importance of this parameter, there are uncertainties regarding the factors determining Tₘᵢₙ. Furthermore, existing models use complex parameters, fail to demonstrate sufficient performance in different engineering scenarios, or are not suitable for use as a practical engineering tool. To address these uncertainties and to reveal the relationship between Tₘᵢₙ and fragmentation performance with an integrated model, a comprehensive dataset was obtained from 27 blasts conducted in 12 different quarries in Türkiye. The study followed a systematic methodology including geomechanical characterization, Tₘᵢₙ measurement via high-speed videography, and pre- and post-blast photogrammetric fragment size analysis. The findings enabled the development of a model that predicts Tₘᵢₙ with high accuracy (R2 = 0.789, MAPE: %16.56) using parameters easily measurable in practice. More importantly, this estimation of Tₘᵢₙ was used in an integrated model where the mean fragment size (P50) could be predicted directly and successfully (R2 = 0.837, MAPE: %8.37), providing a significant contribution to the literature. In light of these results, the primary engineering contribution of the study is that it has developed a practical and reliable tool applicable in the field, which treats Tₘᵢₙ as an optimizable design variable and provides a seamless prediction framework from blasting design to the rock fragmentation.
Keywords: blasting; rock fragmentation; rock’s response to blasting; rock movement; high speed video records blasting; rock fragmentation; rock’s response to blasting; rock movement; high speed video records

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ozyurt, M.C.; Karadogan, A.; Kalayci Sahinoglu, U.; Ozer, U.; Mutlu, H.E.; Odabasi, T.C. Establishment of a Novel Fragmentation Prediction Model Incorporating Rock’s Response Time to Blasting. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 9447. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179447

AMA Style

Ozyurt MC, Karadogan A, Kalayci Sahinoglu U, Ozer U, Mutlu HE, Odabasi TC. Establishment of a Novel Fragmentation Prediction Model Incorporating Rock’s Response Time to Blasting. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(17):9447. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179447

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ozyurt, Meric Can, Abdulkadir Karadogan, Ulku Kalayci Sahinoglu, Umit Ozer, Hilal Erem Mutlu, and Taki Can Odabasi. 2025. "Establishment of a Novel Fragmentation Prediction Model Incorporating Rock’s Response Time to Blasting" Applied Sciences 15, no. 17: 9447. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179447

APA Style

Ozyurt, M. C., Karadogan, A., Kalayci Sahinoglu, U., Ozer, U., Mutlu, H. E., & Odabasi, T. C. (2025). Establishment of a Novel Fragmentation Prediction Model Incorporating Rock’s Response Time to Blasting. Applied Sciences, 15(17), 9447. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179447

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