Objectives: To assess whether continuous non-invasive pCO2 monitoring by transcutaneous pCO2 monitor (TCpCO2) among extremely low birth weight (ELBW) premature infants, during the first week of life, will decrease the rate of high-grade intraventricu...
Postoperative radiotherapy (RT) improves survival in glioblastoma, and its role in standard management is not disputed. The randomized trials establishing this benefit, however, were conducted before computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (M...
Stage III/N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can often be treated with either surgery-based multimodality therapy or definitive chemoradiotherapy. Historical randomized trials showed that surgery improved local control without demonstrating an ove...
In matters of twenty-first century public policy, age-old questions surrounding freedom of conscience and both personal and civic liberties remain in perennial tension with the necessary demands for civic conformity, custom, and consensus. These ques...
The present study investigates the prognostic value of the Syntax Score II 2020 corrected for flow-limiting lesions and its ability to better address treatment by benefit prediction among patients with left main or multivessel disease. We analyzed 12...
Background: Data about factors driving accrual to radiation oncology trials are limited. In oncology, 30%–40% of trials are considered unsuccessful, many because of poor accrual. The goal of the present study was to inform the design of future trials...
Clinical equipoise remains regarding the optimal revascularization strategy for single-vessel disease, specifically isolated left anterior descending (LAD) artery disease, owing to the scarcity of contemporary randomized controlled trials [...]
For the treatment of early and locally advanced glottic laryngeal cancer, multiple strategies are available. These are pursued and supported by different levels of evidence, but also by national and institutional traditions. The purpose of this revie...
Despite decades of experience with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we are still faced with the delicate equipoise of achieving stable ocular health post-transplantation. This is because ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGvHD) following hema...
Flow diversion for intracranial aneurysms emerged as an efficacious and durable treatment option over the last two decades. In a paradigm shift from intrasaccular aneurysm embolization to parent vessel remodeling as the mechanism of action, the proli...
Bicuspid aortic stenosis is a common pathology, typically seen in patients a decade younger than those with tricuspid valves. Surgical aortic valve replacement has been the mainstay treatment for bicuspid disease, especially considering the prevalenc...
Purpose: To review the successes and challenges of integrating systematic reviews (SRs) into the Rethinking Clinical Trials (REaCT) Program. Methods: All REaCT program SRs were evaluated and descriptive summaries presented. Results: Twenty-two SRs ha...
Early appropriate empirical antibiotics are critical for reducing mortality in sepsis. For hospital-acquired sepsis of unknown origin in Australia, piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) is recommended as an empirical therapy. Anecdotally, some institutions a...
Infections caused by Salmonella serovars are the leading cause of foodborne hospitalizations and deaths in Americans, extensively prevalent worldwide, and pose a considerable financial burden on public health infrastructure and private manufacturing....
The ß-cell dysfunction of type 2 diabetes is partly reversible. The optimal time window to induce glycemic remission is uncertain; short courses of insulin treatment have been tested as a strategy to induce remission. In a pilot study in 38 new...
N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) is an important eukaryotic monomeric enzyme which has emerged as an attractive target for developing a drug for cancer, leishmaniasis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, malaria, inflammation, etc. In the present work, statisti...
The flipped classroom model is increasingly being adopted in healthcare education, despite the fact that recent systematic reviews in the nursing and medical education literature suggest that this method of instructional design is not inherently bett...
The United States Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System has a strong history of conducting impactful oncology randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We developed a phase II/III RCT to test the use of metastasis-directed therapy in Veterans with oligom...
The concept of ranked sparsity, originally introduced in the context of penalized regression, arises in modeling applications when an expected disparity exists in the quality of information between different feature sets. Its presence can cause tradi...
Cancer clinical trials (CCTs) are critical to translation and development of better therapies to improve outcomes. CCTs require adequate patient involvement but accrual rates are low globally. Several known barriers impede participation and knowing h...
Magnesium (Mg) plays crucial roles in multiple essential biological processes. As the kidneys are the primary organ responsible for maintaining the blood concentration of Mg, people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may develop disturbances in Mg. Wh...
Addressing the dysfunctions of all brain cell types in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) should cure the dementia, an objective that might be achieved by GLP-1 agonist drugs, because receptors for GLP-1 are present in all of the main brain cell types, i...
Background: The potential harm and clinical benefits of inotropic therapy in patients with decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction or advanced heart failure were debated for three decades. Nonetheless, confronted with a dismal qual...
Parenchyma-sparing pancreatic surgery (PSPS) is a patient-centered alternative to traditional radical resections for benign and low-grade pancreatic lesions. Unlike pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy, which tend to cause long-term exoc...
With the rapid population growth, there is an urgent need for innovative crop improvement approaches to meet the increasing demand for food. Classical crop improvement approaches involve, however, a backbreaking process that cannot equipoise with inc...
The goal of the treatment for Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is the cure of dementia. A literature review revealed 18 major elements causing AD and 29 separate medications that address them. For any individual with AD, one is unlikely to discern whi...
Background: The choice of vascular access for systemic therapy administration in breast cancer remains an area of clinical equipoise, and patient preference is not consistently acknowledged. Using a patient survey, we evaluated the patient experience...
Neo-Darwinism presumes that biological variation is a product of random genetic replication errors and natural selection. Cognition-Based Evolution (CBE) asserts a comprehensive alternative approach to phenotypic variation and the generation of biolo...
Recruitment can be an issue for paediatric research. We aimed to investigate parental opinions of paediatric clinical assessments, and to combine findings with recent literature to inform the design of a clinical dietary trial. We used convenience sa...
Background: Minimally invasive surgeries for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries (VATSs) and robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries (RATSs) have become standard of care for patients needing surgical r...
The guidelines for metastatic colorectal cancer crudely state that the best local treatment should be selected from a ‘toolbox’ of techniques according to patient- and treatment-related factors. We created an interdisciplinary, consensus-...
Background/Objectives: Pediatric guidelines retain induced hypothermia as an option, but its optimal duration is uncertain. We compared survival and favorable neurologic outcomes across duration-specific strategies. Methods: Five databases and Clinic...
Purpose: Equipoise persists regarding the extent of surgical resection in bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy. We desired to determine if initial postoperative ventilator hours or hospital length of stay differed between open hemiarch and clamped distal...
Background: The role of primary anastomosis in rectal cancer surgery remains debated, particularly due to concerns regarding postoperative morbidity. Evidence from randomized trials is limited, and observational studies are frequently affected by sel...
Background: The treatment paradigm for relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) has undergone significant change with the advent of CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies and CD20 × CD3 bispecific antibod...
Background: Ruptured splenic artery aneurysms (r-SAA), although rare, are burdened by high morbidity and mortality, even despite emergent surgical repair. It is suggested that endovascular treatment can achieve reduction in peri-operative death and c...
Background. Patients with malignant or benign central nervous system (CNS) tumours are evaluated for suitability of treatment modality based on multiple clinical and tumour-related factors. To obtain multidisciplinary consensus, a patient’s fil...
Background: Achieving evidence-based practice change in surgery has always been challenging, with many aspects of common clinical practice evolving through lower-level studies that are susceptible to bias and confounding rather than high-quality evid...