Pharmacological compounds can disrupt glucose homeostasis, leading to impaired glucose tolerance, hyperglycemia, or newly diagnosed diabetes, as well as worsening glycemic control in patients with pre-existing diabetes. Traditional risk factors alone...
Neuroimaging can provide significant benefits in evaluating patients with movement disorders associated with drugs. This literature review describes neuroimaging techniques performed to distinguish Parkinson’s disease from drug-induced parkinso...
Psychotropic medications, commonly prescribed for psychiatric disorders, can have underappreciated dermatological side effects. This in-depth review explores the intricate relationship between psychotropic drugs and the skin, emphasizing the signific...
Many drugs can cause unexpected muscle disorders, often necessitating the cessation of an effective medication. Inhibition of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) may potentially lead to perturbation of l-lactic acid homeostasis and muscular toxicity....
Acute liver injury during pregnancy is rare and predominantly associated with pregnancy-related conditions including acute fatty liver of pregnancy; Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelets syndrome; intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy;...
Clinical studies demonstrate that the risk of developing neurological disorders is increased by overconsumption of the commonly used drugs, alcohol, nicotine and cannabis. These drug-induced neurological disorders, which include substance use disorde...
Background and Objectives: Recent studies suggest that the binary categorization of first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) as being primarily responsible for extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) for cardiometabol...
Mandibular advancement devices (MAD) are an effective alternative treatment to CPAP. Different maneuvers were performed during drug sleep-induced endoscopy (DISE) to mimic the effect of MAD. Using the Selector Avance Mandibular (SAM) device, we aimed...
Background: Fluoroquinolones (FQNs) are related to several central nervous system side effects. This review aims to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological profile, pathophysiological mechanisms, and management of FQNs-associated movement disorders (MD...
Background: Pisa syndrome, also known as pleurothotonus, is a neurological condition characterized by more than ten degrees of constant lateral curvature of the spine when upright. In this way, the present manuscript aims to systematically review Pis...
Venlafaxine (VEN) is considered to be one of the most effective antidepressants. It belongs to the group of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). NA and 5-HT have receptors on the surface of platelets and are involved i...
(1) Background: Cannabis and tramadol are featuring prominently in Egypt; however, their prevalence in first episode psychosis is still uncertain. We aimed at determining the prevalence of cannabis and tramadol among the first-psychotic episode in Eg...
The anatomy of the upper airways influences the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The size of soft tissue structures, such as the tongue, soft palate, and lateral walls of the pharynx, contributes to the pathogenesis of OSA. New lines of treatme...
Acute-onset movement disorders (MDs) are an increasingly recognized neurological emergency in both adults and children. The spectrum of possible causes is wide, and diagnostic work-up is challenging. In their acute presentation, MDs may represent the...
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a complex health condition associated with significant health risks and diminished quality of life. Despite continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) being the gold standard treatment for years, its poor adherence i...
Antipsychotics (AP) induced prolongation of the QT interval in patients with schizophrenia (Sch) is an actual interdisciplinary problem as it increases the risk of sudden death syndrome. Long QT syndrome (LQTS) as a cardiac adverse drug reaction is a...
Antipsychotic-induced akathisia (AIA) is a movement disorder characterized by a subjective feeling of inner restlessness or nervousness with an irresistible urge to move, resulting in repetitive movements of the limbs and torso, while taking antipsyc...
Drug-induced movement disorders affect a significant percentage of individuals, and they are commonly overlooked and underdiagnosed in clinical practice. Many comorbidities can affect these individuals, making the diagnosis even more challenging. Sev...
Drug-induced myopathies are a common cause of muscle pain, and the range of drugs that can cause muscle side effects is constantly expanding. In this article, the authors comprehensively discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic process in patients with...
Conventionally, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) exists in two types: idiosyncratic and intrinsic. Both types are classified as non-immune disorders, thereby ignoring that some iDILI cases may have an immune or autoimmune background that requires a d...
Drug-induced phospholipidosis (PL) is a storage disorder caused by the formation of phospholipid-drug complexes in lysosomes. Because of the diversity of PL between species, human cell-based assays have been used to predict drug-induced PL in humans....
Background and Objectives: Vertical rhythmic dyskinetic movements that are primarily drug-induced and affect solely the jaw, mouth, and lips without involving the tongue have been historically described as “rabbit” syndrome (RS). Evidence...
Taste disorders are common adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy that can reduce quality of life and impair nutritional status. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced taste disorders remain largely unknown. Furthermore, th...
Background: Hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration < 135 mmol/L) represents the most common electrolyte disturbance in clinical practice, particularly among high-risk populations such as older adults. Its severity ranges from moderately severe t...
Cardiovascular drugs are widely used for the prevention and treatment of various cardiac and vascular disorders. However, some of these drugs can also cause adverse effects on the kidney, leading to acute or chronic renal dysfunction, electrolyte imb...
One of the major mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury includes mitochondrial perturbation and dysfunction. This is not a surprise, given that mitochondria are essential organelles in most cells, which are responsible for energy homeostasis and the...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe deficits in social communication and interaction, repetitive movements, abnormal focusing on objects, or activity that can significantly affect the quality of lif...
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that results from a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme arylsulfatase A (ARSA). Worldwide, there are between one in 40,000 and one in 160,000 people living with the disease. While...
Among neurological adverse reactions in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics (APs), drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is the most common motility disorder caused by drugs affecting dopamine receptors. One of the causes of DIP is the...
Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a condition in which bone cells die due to various causes. It is classified as drug-induced jaw osteonecrosis, osteoradionecrosis, traumatic, non-traumatic, and spontaneous osteonecrosis. Antiresorptive or antiangiogenic d...
Currently, there are no approved pharmacotherapies for addiction to cocaine and other psychostimulant drugs. Several studies have proposed that cannabidiol (CBD) could be a promising treatment for substance use disorders. In the present work, the aut...
Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known xenoestrogen, is commonly utilised in the production of polycarbonate plastics. Based on the existing evidence, BPA is known to induce neurotoxicity and behavioural issues. Flavonoids such as silibinin and naringenin h...
Anxiety and depression exhibit high comorbidity and share the alteration of the amygdala–hippocampal–prefrontal network, playing different roles in the ventral and dorsal hippocampi. Deep brain stimulation of the infralimbic cortex in rodents or the...
Pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) typically consists of trial-and-error and clinician preference approaches, where patients often fail one or more antidepressants before finding an optimal regimen. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) can assist...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a challenging malignancy with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Adjuvant therapies, including chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), are commonly employed following breast co...
Introduction: Idiosyncratic drug-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis is seldom discussed in the literature, especially for new drugs such as biotherapies outside the context of oncology. In the present paper, we report and discuss the clinical da...
A potential complication of pharmacotherapy for a given patient is the possibility of various side effects of drugs, which are manifested in many ways and constitute iatrogenic causes of diseases. Among the systemic side effects of drugs, there are a...
Asterixis is a subtype of negative myoclonus characterized by brief, arrhythmic lapses of sustained posture due to involuntary pauses in muscle contraction. We performed a narrative review to characterize further asterixis regarding nomenclature, his...
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of vitamin C and vitamin D in a stress-induced mouse model of depression, while also exploring the association between these effects and the levels of circul...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients develop a severe form of the disease when the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is affected by nonsense mutations. Nonsense mutations are responsible for the presence of a premature terminat...
The rising interest in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived organoid culture has stemmed from the manipulation of various combinations of directed multi-lineage differentiation and morphogenetic processes that mimic organogenesis. Orga...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a group of neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by persistent deficits in social communication, interaction, and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities. The etiopathogenesis is multi...
Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus assists with consolidation and storage of long-lasting memories. Decades of research has provided substantial information on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity in the hippocampu...
IKr current, a major component of cardiac repolarization, is mediated by human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene (hERG, Kv11.1) potassium channels. The blockage of these channels by pharmacological compounds is associated to drug-induced long QT synd...
Mitochondrial integrity is indispensable for pulmonary cellular homeostasis, with its dysfunction increasingly being implicated as a central mechanism in the etiology of respiratory disorders. We present a comprehensive overview of the integral role...
Introduction: Adverse drug reactions are a significant problem in modern society, stemming from the increase in prescribed medications, over-the-counter drugs, and overall polypharmacy. Glomerular disorders are one of the frequently reported renal co...
Renal and cardiovascular disorders are very prevalent and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Among diverse pathogenic mechanisms, the dysregulation of immune and inflammatory responses plays an essential role in such disorders. Cons...
Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis (DIAIH) is a relatively new subtype of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI), but the features of DIAIH have been variably described due to the inhomogeneity of assessed study cohorts. The aim of this analy...
Chorea is a hyperkinetic movement disorder, accompanied by dystonia, myoclonus, tics, stereotypies, and tremors. It is characterized by excessive, purposeless movements that are distressing, irregularly timed, and randomly distributed. Chorea can be...
Drug-induced or associated vasculitis is a prevalent form of vasculitis that resembles primary idiopathic antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) vasculitis (AAV). Cocaine is a diffuse psychostimulant drug and levamisole is a synthetic compoun...
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