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188 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
117 Citations
8,932 Views
13 Pages

27 September 2018

The demand for flexible and wearable electronic devices with excellent stretchability and sensitivity is increasing, especially for human motion detection. In this work, a simple, low-cost and convenient strategy has been employed to fabricate flexib...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,217 Views
16 Pages

Carbon Black CB-EDA Nanoparticles in Macrophages: Changes in the Oxidative Stress Pathway and in Apoptosis Signaling

  • Joice Margareth de Almeida Rodolpho,
  • Krissia Franco de Godoy,
  • Patricia Brassolatti,
  • Bruna Dias de Lima Fragelli,
  • Luciana Camillo,
  • Cynthia Aparecida de Castro,
  • Marcelo Assis,
  • Carlos Speglich,
  • Elson Longo and
  • Fernanda de Freitas Anibal

The influence of black carbon nanoparticles on J774.A1 murine cells was investigated with the objective of exploring the cytotoxicity of black carbon functionalized with ethylenediamine CB-EDA. The results showed that CB-EDA has a cytotoxic profile f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,222 Views
13 Pages

17 November 2018

Zinc is widely used in battery negative electrodes and steel coatings for automotive industries. The anti-corrosion property of zinc is the most important factor determining the performance and lifetime of the products. In this paper, both size-contr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,700 Views
11 Pages

12 August 2024

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are representative indoor air pollutants that negatively affect the human body owing to their toxicity. One of the most promising methods for VOC removal is photocatalytic degradation using TiO2. In this study, the a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,006 Views
14 Pages

13 January 2023

A novel nanocomposite film composed of gold nanoparticles and acetylene black–dihexadecyl phosphate was fabricated and modified on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode through a simple and controllable dropping and electropolymerization met...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,751 Views
16 Pages

29 August 2023

Point-of-care tests play an important role in serological diagnostics of infectious diseases and post-vaccination immunity monitoring, including in COVID-19. Currently, lateral flow tests dominate in this area and show good analytical performance. Ho...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,337 Views
21 Pages

14 October 2025

Due to their unique physicochemical properties, carbon black nanoparticles represent a promising alternative for solving analytical problems. However, diagnostic reagents based on carbon black nanoparticles have not yet found widespread practical app...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
6,326 Views
16 Pages

Performance Evaluation of Carbon Black Nano-Particle Reinforced Asphalt Mixture

  • Javaria Rafi,
  • Mumtaz Ahmed Kamal,
  • Naveed Ahmad,
  • Murryam Hafeez,
  • Muhammad Faizan ul Haq,
  • Syeda Aamara Asif,
  • Faisal Shabbir and
  • Syed Bilal Ahmed Zaidi

10 July 2018

Applications of nanotechnology in the pavement industry have increased rapidly during the last decade in order to enhance a pavement’s sustainability and durability. Conventional asphalt binder generally does not provide sufficient resistance against...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
901 Views
11 Pages

Design and Fabrication of Thermopile Infrared Detector Based on Carbon Black Nanoparticle Absorption Layer

  • Cheng Lei,
  • Zhenyu Zhang,
  • Boyou Shao,
  • Xiangyang Ren,
  • Tengteng Li,
  • Fengchao Li and
  • Ting Liang

14 October 2025

This study demonstrates a high-performance thermopile infrared detector that incorporates a carbon black nanoparticle (CBNP) absorption layer. To overcome the limitations associated with conventional infrared-absorbing materials—including high...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,124 Views
16 Pages

Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensing of Glucose with a Carbon Black/Polyaniline/Silver Nanoparticle Composite

  • Claudia Ivone Piñón-Balderrama,
  • Claudia Alejandra Hernández-Escobar,
  • Simón Yobanni Reyes-López,
  • Alain Salvador Conejo-Dávila,
  • Anayansi Estrada-Monje and
  • Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras

The present work describes the synthesis of an electroactive nanocomposite consisting of carbon black (CB) and polyaniline (PANI) obtained by in situ oxidative polymerization. Monomer P1 was used as a polyaniline precursor. P1 has surfactant properti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,855 Views
15 Pages

A Sensitive Hydroquinone Amperometric Sensor Based on a Novel Palladium Nanoparticle/Porous Silicon/Polypyrrole-Carbon Black Nanocomposite

  • Abdullah Alrashidi,
  • Anas M. El-Sherif,
  • Jahir Ahmed,
  • M. Faisal,
  • Mabkhoot Alsaiari,
  • Jari S. Algethami,
  • Mohamed I. Moustafa,
  • Abdulaziz A. M. Abahussain and
  • Farid A. Harraz

23 January 2023

Exposure to hydroquinone (HQ) can cause various health hazards and negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, we developed an efficient electrochemical sensor to detect and quantify HQ based on palladium nanoparticles deposited in a porous silic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,637 Views
10 Pages

Controlled Alignment of Carbon Black Nanoparticles in Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers for Flexible Films

  • Ahmed Aboalhassan,
  • Aijaz Ahmed Babar,
  • Nousheen Iqbal,
  • Jianhua Yan,
  • Mohamed El-Newehy,
  • Jianyong Yu and
  • Bin Ding

25 January 2024

Carbon nanofiber (CNF) films or mats have great conductivity and thermal stability and are widely used in different technological processes. Among all the fabrication methods, electrospinning is a simple yet effective technique for preparing CNF mats...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,385 Views
18 Pages

Low Dose Carbon Black Nanoparticle Exposure Does Not Aggravate Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice Irrespective of the Presence of Surface Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

  • Karina Lindner,
  • Sina Webering,
  • Michael Stroebele,
  • Henning Bockhorn,
  • Tanja Hansen,
  • Peter König and
  • Heinz Fehrenbach

31 March 2018

Exposure to exogenous noxae, such as particulate matter, can trigger acute aggravations of allergic asthma—a chronic inflammatory airway disease. We tested whether Carbon Black nanoparticles (CBNP) with or without surface polycyclic aromatic hydrocar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,325 Views
13 Pages

2 August 2020

A facile strategy is proposed to synthesize boron-doped ECP600 carbon black (B-ECP600), and the catalyst of Pt supported on boron-doped ECP600 (Pt/B-ECP600) shows smaller particle sizes and a higher electrochemical surface area (95.62 m2·gPt&m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,184 Views
20 Pages

Effect on Mouse Liver Morphology of CeO2, TiO2 and Carbon Black Nanoparticles Translocated from Lungs or Deposited Intravenously

  • Justyna Modrzynska,
  • Alicja Mortensen,
  • Trine Berthing,
  • Gitte Ravn-Haren,
  • Józef Szarek,
  • Anne Thoustrup Saber and
  • Ulla Vogel

20 August 2021

Exposure to nanoparticles by various routes results in size-dependent translocation of nanoparticles to the systemic circulation and subsequent accumulation in the liver. The purpose of this study was to determine possible adverse effects in the live...

  • Article
  • Open Access
42 Citations
5,857 Views
16 Pages

17 April 2018

It is of great benefit to the environment and the economy to use discarded tires pyrolysis carbon black (TPCB) nanoparticles as a modifier for asphalt binders. A base asphalt binder with 60/80 penetration (GF-70) was selected to prepare the TPCB-modi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,973 Views
11 Pages

3 October 2019

In this study, amine functionalized carbon black (ABCB) was synthesized using 4-aminobenzoic acid in a phosphoric acid (PPA)/phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) medium, and silver-attached carbon black (Ag-ABCB) was prepared by reducing AgNO3 with NaBH4 in t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
8,983 Views
29 Pages

23 August 2018

Within the scope of the presented work the processing of AISI H11 (1.2343 or X37CrMoV5-1) tool steel powder modified by adding carbon black nanoparticles in varying concentrations by means of Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) is extensively investigated....

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,301 Views
23 Pages

Identification of a Gene Signature Predicting (Nano)Particle-Induced Adverse Lung Outcome in Rats

  • Sarah Amandine Valentino,
  • Carole Seidel,
  • Mylène Lorcin,
  • Sylvie Sébillaud,
  • Henrik Wolff,
  • Stéphane Grossmann,
  • Stéphane Viton,
  • Hervé Nunge,
  • Laura Aliisa Saarimäki and
  • Laurent Gaté
  • + 2 authors

Nanoparticles are extensively used in industrial products or as food additives. However, despite their contribution to improving our quality of life, concerns have been raised regarding their potential impact on occupational and public health. To spe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
7,030 Views
14 Pages

Larvicidal Activity of Carbon Black against the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti

  • Erick J. Martínez Rodríguez,
  • Parker Evans,
  • Megha Kalsi,
  • Noah Rosenblatt,
  • Morgan Stanley and
  • Peter M. Piermarini

20 March 2022

The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti is one of the deadliest animals on the planet because it transmits several medically important arboviruses, including Zika, chikungunya, dengue, and yellow fever. Carbon-based nanoparticles (CNPs) derived from...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,146 Views
17 Pages

29 August 2024

This study investigates the enhancement of polylactic acid (PLA) properties through the incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and carbon black (CB) for applications in 3D printing and injection molding. The research reveals that GNPs and CB...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,973 Views
10 Pages

Black Phosphorus/Carbon Nanoframes for Efficient Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitor

  • Zunbin Duan,
  • Danni Liu,
  • Zhaoer Ye,
  • Caixia Sun,
  • Zikun Wang,
  • Kezhen Chen,
  • Yang Li,
  • Hao Huang,
  • Xiaoliang Zeng and
  • Xue-Feng Yu
  • + 2 authors

23 September 2022

A flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor with fast charging speed and high power density is a promising high-performance energy storage and sensor device in photovoltaic systems. Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) is a prospective electrode nanom...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,386 Views
14 Pages

Biocompatibility Evaluation of Carbon Nanohorns in Bone Tissues

  • Katsuya Ueda,
  • Chuang Ma,
  • Makoto Izumiya,
  • Chika Kuroda,
  • Haruka Ishida,
  • Takeshi Uemura,
  • Naoto Saito,
  • Kaoru Aoki and
  • Hisao Haniu

5 January 2023

With the advent of nanotechnology, the use of nanoparticles as drug delivery system (DDS) has attracted great interest. We aimed to apply carbon nanohorns (CNHs) as DDS in the development of new treatments for bone diseases. We evaluated the in vitro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,406 Views
13 Pages

Dispersion and Dosimetric Challenges of Hydrophobic Carbon-Based Nanoparticles in In Vitro Cellular Studies

  • Denisa Lizonova,
  • Una Trivanovic,
  • Philip Demokritou and
  • Georgios A. Kelesidis

27 March 2024

Methodologies across the dispersion preparation, characterization, and cellular dosimetry of hydrophilic nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed and used extensively in the field of nanotoxicology. However, hydrophobic NPs pose a challenge for disper...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,300 Views
12 Pages

Commercial nano-scale carbon blacks (CB) are being harnessed widely and may impose potentially hazardous effects because of their unique properties, especially if they have been modified to grow reactive functional groups on their surface. Cytotoxici...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,163 Views
18 Pages

Suitability of Nanoparticles to Face Benzo(a)pyrene-Induced Genetic and Chromosomal Damage in M. galloprovincialis. An In Vitro Approach

  • Margherita Bernardeschi,
  • Patrizia Guidi,
  • Mara Palumbo,
  • Massimo Genovese,
  • Michela Alfè,
  • Valentina Gargiulo,
  • Paolo Lucchesi,
  • Vittoria Scarcelli,
  • Alessandra Falleni and
  • Giada Frenzilli
  • + 4 authors

Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) is a well-known genotoxic agent, the removal of which from environmental matrices is mandatory, necessitating the application of cleaning strategies that are harmless to human and environmental health. The potential application...

  • Review
  • Open Access
56 Views
36 Pages

0D Nanofillers in EPDM-Based Elastomeric Ablatives: A Review of Thermo-Ablative Performance and Char Formation

  • Mohammed Meiirbekov,
  • Marat Nurguzhin,
  • Marat Janikeyev,
  • Zhannat Kadyrov,
  • Mukhammed Sadykov,
  • Assem Kuandyk,
  • Nurmakhan Yesbolov,
  • Nurlybek Spandiyar,
  • Meiir Nurzhanov and
  • Sunkar Orazbek

4 February 2026

EPDM is widely used as the polymer matrix for solid rocket motor (SRM) internal thermal protection because of its low density, chemical inertness, and ability to form carbonaceous residue. Practical performance is frequently limited by weak char inte...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
5,344 Views
16 Pages

Risk Assessment for People Exposed to PM2.5 and Constituents at Different Vertical Heights in an Urban Area of Taiwan

  • Hsiu-Ling Chen,
  • Chi-Pei Li,
  • Chin-Sheng Tang,
  • Shih-Chun Candice Lung,
  • Hsiao-Chi Chuang,
  • Da-Wei Chou and
  • Li-Te Chang

22 October 2020

Environmental epidemiological studies have consistently reported associations between ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations and everyday mortality/morbidity. Many urban dwellers in Asia live in high-rise apartment buildings; thus, the pollut...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,226 Views
19 Pages

An In Vitro Model to Assess Early Immune Markers Following Co-Exposure of Epithelial Cells to Carbon Black (Nano)Particles in the Presence of S. aureus: A Role for Stressed Cells in Toxicological Testing

  • Scott Brown,
  • Stephen J. Evans,
  • Michael J. Burgum,
  • Kirsty Meldrum,
  • Jack Herridge,
  • Blessing Akinbola,
  • Llinos G. Harris,
  • Rowena Jenkins,
  • Shareen H. Doak and
  • Thomas S. Wilkinson
  • + 1 author

The exposure of human lung and skin to carbon black (CB) is continuous due to its widespread applications. Current toxicological testing uses ‘healthy’ cellular systems; however, questions remain whether this mimics the everyday stresses...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,720 Views
13 Pages

9 December 2021

A new voltametric method for highly sensitive propranolol (PROP) determination was developed. A glassy carbon electrode modified with a hybrid material made of carbon black (CB) and Nafion was used as the working electrode. The preconcentration poten...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,748 Views
15 Pages

13 December 2022

Carbon black (CB) particles tend to aggregate in aqueous solutions, and finding an optimum dispersing condition (e.g., selection of the type of dispersant) is one of the important tasks in related industries. In the present study, three types of styr...

  • Review
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,665 Views
27 Pages

9 November 2022

Among the different air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is of great concern due to its abundant presence in the atmosphere, which results in adverse effects on the environment and human health. The different components of PM can be classified bas...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,771 Views
14 Pages

Production of Carbon Black in Turbulent Spray Flames of Coal Tar Distillates

  • Helena Rodriguez-Fernandez,
  • Shruthi Dasappa,
  • Kaylin Dones Sabado and
  • Joaquin Camacho

26 October 2021

Conventional carbon black production occurs by pyrolysis after heavy aromatic feedstock is injected into the post-combustor region of furnace black reactors. The current work examines the conversion of the coal tar distillate in turbulent spray flame...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
2,038 Views
8 Pages

Spectrochemical Analytical Characterisation of Particulate Matter Emissions Generated from In-Use Diesel Engine Vehicles

  • Richard Viskup,
  • Yana Vereshchaga,
  • Anna Theresia Stadler,
  • Theresa Roland,
  • Christoph Wolf,
  • Agnes Weth and
  • Werner Baumgartner

Pollutant emissions from vehicles form major sources of metallic nanoparticles entering the environment and surrounding atmosphere. In this research, we spectrochemically analyse the chemical composition of particle matter emissions from in-use diese...

  • Article
  • Open Access
676 Views
16 Pages

28 September 2025

The compatible solute ectoine is known to attenuate inflammatory effects in the airways after exposure to combustion-derived nanoparticles. Pro-inflammatory signaling in epithelial cells, as well as antiapoptotic mechanisms in neutrophilic granulocyt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,645 Views
14 Pages

7 February 2023

The human body’s temperature is one of the most important vital markers due to its ability to detect various diseases early. Accurate measurement of this parameter has received considerable interest in the healthcare sector. We present a novel...

  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
6,842 Views
33 Pages

5 January 2023

Technological advancements in the healthcare sector have pushed for improved sensors and devices for disease diagnosis and treatment. Recently, with the discovery of numerous biomarkers for various specific physiological conditions, early disease scr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,532 Views
14 Pages

Spray Flame Synthesis and Multiscale Characterization of Carbon Black–Silica Hetero-Aggregates

  • Simon Buchheiser,
  • Ferdinand Kistner,
  • Frank Rhein and
  • Hermann Nirschl

20 June 2023

The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries requires constant improvements in the areas of production and recycling to reduce their environmental impact. In this context, this work presents a method for structuring carbon black aggregates by addi...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
6,461 Views
11 Pages

Comparative Study of Gold and Carbon Nanoparticles in Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Assay

  • Juan Carlos Porras,
  • Mireia Bernuz,
  • Jennifer Marfa,
  • Arnau Pallares-Rusiñol,
  • Mercè Martí and
  • María Isabel Pividori

15 March 2021

A lateral flow assay (LFA) is a paper-based, point-of-need test designed to detect a specific analyte in complex samples in low-resource settings. Although LFA has been successfully used in different applications, its use is still limited when high s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,156 Views
12 Pages

24 December 2020

A new, highly sensitive Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric method for levodopa determination was developed. As a working electrode, the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with carbon black (CB), RuO2·xH2O (RuO2) and Nafion was used (CB-RuO2...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
6,838 Views
10 Pages

6 October 2020

Printing technology enables not only high-volume, multipurpose, low-impact, low-cost manufacturing, but also the introduction of flexible electronic devices, such as displays, actuators, and sensors, to a wide range of consumer markets. Consequently,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,751 Views
13 Pages

Factors Controlling the Variation of Aerosol Surface Area Concentrations Measured by a Diffusion Charger in Fukuoka, Japan

  • Tomoaki Okuda,
  • Hana Yamazaki,
  • Kazuki Hatoya,
  • Naoki Kaneyasu,
  • Ayako Yoshino,
  • Akinori Takami,
  • Koji Funato,
  • Kozo Inoue,
  • Chiharu Nishita and
  • Masahiko Hayashi
  • + 1 author

26 February 2016

The surface area of ambient aerosols can be considered as an index of toxicity because an increased surface area may be able to act as a catalyst for specific reactions between particles and cells, as well as a carrier for co-pollutants, such as gase...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
9,375 Views
10 Pages

Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction in Methanol at Cu and Cu2O-Deposited Carbon Black Electrodes

  • Naoki Uemoto,
  • Mai Furukawa,
  • Ikki Tateishi,
  • Hideyuki Katsumata and
  • Satoshi Kaneco

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in methanol was investigated with Cu and Cu2O-supported carbon black (Vulcan XC-72) nanoparticle electrodes. Herein, Cu or a Cu2O-deposited carbon black catalyst has been synthesized by the reduction me...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,650 Views
10 Pages

15 November 2023

Though nanomaterials based on carbon have been widely used for the preparation of high-performance polymeric nanocomposites, there are few works focused on the effect of carbon nanoparticle morphology on the performance of corresponding polymer nanoc...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,638 Views
4 Pages

Printing of Soft Stretch Sensor from Carbon Black Composites

  • Yuteng Zhu,
  • Mahtab Assadian,
  • Maziar Ramezani and
  • Kean C. Aw

10 December 2018

Demand for highly stretchable mechanical sensors for use in the fields of soft robotics and wearable sensors has been constantly rising. Carbon based materials as piezo-resistive material are low-cost and have been widely used. In this paper instead...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,845 Views
13 Pages

Signalling Pathways of Inflammation and Cancer in Human Mononuclear Cells: Effect of Nanoparticle Air Pollutants

  • Agata Niechoda,
  • Maciej Roslan,
  • Katarzyna Milewska,
  • Piotr Szoka,
  • Katarzyna Maciorowska and
  • Adam Holownia

17 August 2024

Fine inhalable particulate matter (PM) triggers an inflammatory response in the airways and activates mononuclear cells, mediators of tissue homeostasis, and tumour-promoting inflammation. We have assessed ex vivo responses of human monocytes and mon...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,816 Views
14 Pages

Screening of Carbon-Supported Platinum Electrocatalysts Using Frumkin Adsorption Isotherms

  • Ruslan M. Mensharapov,
  • Dmitry D. Spasov,
  • Nataliya A. Ivanova,
  • Adelina A. Zasypkina,
  • Sergey A. Smirnov and
  • Sergey A. Grigoriev

28 February 2023

An important stage in the development of platinum electrocatalysts on carbon support is the analysis of their basic parameters. Cyclic voltammetry is an effective tool for analyzing the structural and electrochemical properties of such electrocatalys...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,022 Views
11 Pages

Owing to their excellent electrical conductivity and robust mechanical properties, carbon-based nanocomposites are being used in a wide range of applications and devices, such as electromagnetic wave interference shielding, electronic devices, and fu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,206 Views
13 Pages

High Specific Capacity of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with Carbon Black/Chitosan- and Carbon Black/Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Coated Separators

  • Isaac Paniagua-Vásquez,
  • Claudia C. Zuluaga-Gómez,
  • Sofía Chacón-Vargas,
  • Allan León Calvo,
  • Giovanni Sáenz-Arce,
  • Ram S. Katiyar and
  • José Javier Saavedra-Arias

17 March 2022

In this research, the shuttle effect and the low sulfur activation of lithium–sulfur batteries were mitigated by coating the cathode side of Celgard 2400 separators with mixtures of carbon black/chitosan or carbon black/polyvinylidene fluoride...

  • Review
  • Open Access
72 Citations
7,782 Views
45 Pages

A Review on the Synthesis, Properties, and Utilities of Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles for Polymer Nanocomposites

  • Jun-Ven Lim,
  • Soo-Tueen Bee,
  • Lee Tin Sin,
  • Chantara Thevy Ratnam and
  • Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid

14 October 2021

Carbon can form different allotropes due to its tetravalency. Different forms of carbon such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers, graphene, fullerenes, and carbon black can be used as nanofillers in order to enhance the properties of polyme...

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