Nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that interact with target molecules with high affinity and specificity in unique three-dimensional structures. Aptamers are generally isolated by a simple selection process called systematic...
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common and expensive urinary system malignancies for its high recurrence and progression rate. In recent years, immense amounts of studies have been carried out to bring a more comprehensive cognition and numer...
Over the last several decades, clinical evaluation and treatment of lung cancers have largely improved with the classification of genetic drivers of the disease, such as EGFR, ALK, and ROS1. There are numerous regulatory factors that exert cellular c...
Carbon Dots (CDs) are the latest members of carbon-based nanomaterials, which since their discovery have attracted notable attention due to their chemical and mechanical properties, brilliant fluorescence, high photostability, and good biocompatibili...
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with lung, breast, and colorectal cancers among the most prevalent and lethal malignancies. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediato...
Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) are emerging, non/minimally invasive techniques for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Both techniques require a photosensitizer and light to visualize or destroy cancer cells. However, a limitation of conv...
SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) is a process involving the progressive isolation of high selective ssDNA/RNA from a combinatorial single-stranded oligonucleotide library through repeated rounds of binding, partitioni...
Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at the late stage when cancer has already spread and is characterized by a poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis is vital for a better and efficient treatment outcome. Upper endoscopy with biopsy is the stand...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an aggressive cancer that remains a challenge to diagnose and treat. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) are novel alternative techniques, which can enhance early diagnosis, as well as elicit tumor cell death. Th...
Gastric cancer is an extremely aggressive form of malignancy that, if left untreated, is life-threatening. Improved survival rates depend on early detection of the disease, as well as on the combination of different forms of treatment (surgery, chemo...
Epstein-Barr-virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) represents almost 7% of all GC and is a distinct subtype of GC with extreme DNA hypermethylation. EBVaGC is a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte-rich tumor with little lymph-node metastasis in its earl...
Nano/micromotors are artificial robots at the nano/microscale that are capable of transforming energy into mechanical movement. In cancer diagnosis or therapy, such “tiny robots” show great promise for targeted drug delivery, cell removal...
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) represent a heterogeneous population of membranous cell-derived structures, including cargo-oriented exosomes and microvesicles. EVs are functionally associated with intercellular communication and play an essential role...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising tools for cancer diagnosis and therapy owing to their excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and ability to transport diverse bioactive molecules. This review summarizes recent advances...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is usually the most malignant and aggressive mammary epithelial tumor characterized by the lack of expression for estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors, and the absence of epidermal growth factor receptor...
Cancer develops from abnormal cell growth in the body, causing significant mortalities every year. To date, potent therapeutic approaches have been developed to eradicate tumor cells, but intolerable toxicity and drug resistance can occur in treated...
The two medical sciences that mostly deal with the diagnostic approach to human neoplasms in clinical practice are undoubtedly radiology and pathology [...]
Due to advancements in nanotechnology, the application of nanosized materials (nanomaterials) in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics has become a leading area in cancer research. The decoration of nanomaterial surfaces with biological ligands is a ma...
Since the discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA), the exploration of miRNA biology has come to a new era in recent decades. Monumental studies have proven that miRNAs can be dysregulated in different types of cancers and the roles of miRNAs turn out...
Identifying novel biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value in terms of therapeutic response is a current topic in the clinical practice of oncologists, pathologists and medical researchers in general [...]
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, because of the lack of accurate diagnostic tools for the early stages of cancer. Thus, early diagnosis, which provides important information for a timely therapy of cancer, is of great signi...
Bladder cancer (BC) possesses distinct molecular profiles that influence progression depending on its biological nature and delivered treatment intensity. Muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) and non-MIBC (NMIBC) demonstrate great intrinsic heterogeneity regard...
Despite substantial improvements in survival rates for most cancers, pancreatic cancer still remains a leading cause of death from malignancy. The disease has no symptoms in the initial stages, it can early invade the surrounding organs, and treatmen...
The function of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the pathogenesis and development of cancer is indisputable. Molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis involve the aberrant expression of ncRNAs, including circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNA...
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide and is the second cause of cancer related death in women. The most frequent cause of BC-related deaths, like many cancers, is metastasis. However, metastasis is a complicated and poorl...
In recent years, new methods of cancer diagnosis and therapy have emerged as promising options for fighting cancer [...]
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and therapies for CRC may reduce the mortality rate. However, so far, no researchers have yet investigated core genes (CGs) rigorously for early dia...
Aberrant O-glycans expressed at the surface of cancer cells consist of membrane-tethered glycoproteins (T and Tn antigens) and glycolipids (Lewis a, Lewis x and Forssman antigens). All of these O-glycans have been identified as glyco-markers of inter...
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are double-layered structures of nanoscale lipids released by gram-negative bacteria. They have the same membrane composition and characteristics as primitive cells, which enables them to penetrate cells and tissues eff...
Long-term cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy are becoming ever more prevalent due to increased numbers of cancer survivors. Cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CTIC) is an incompletely understood consequence of various chemotherapies,...
The identification of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in peripheral blood and other body fluids has led to considerable research interest in investigating their potential clinical application as non-invasive biomarkers of cancer, including lung cancer...
Peptides are strings of approximately 2–50 amino acids, which have gained huge attention for theranostic applications in cancer research due to their various advantages including better biosafety, customizability, convenient process of synthesis, tar...
Background and Objectives: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related death in women globally. Proper identification of BC-causing hub genes (HubGs) for prognosis, diagnosis, and therapies at an earlier stage may reduce such deat...
The adverse effects of smoking on human health have been recognized for several decades, especially in the context of cancer. The ability of tobacco smoke components, including tobacco-specific carcinogens and additive compounds such as nicotine, to...
An emerging concept is that cancers strongly depend on both internal and external signals for growth and invasion. In this review, we will discuss pathological and physical changes in the tumor microenvironment and how these changes can be exploited...
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive nanostructures that serve as multifunctional transporters in biomedical applications, especially in the field of cancer therapy and diagnosis. Owing to their easily tunable nature and remarkable properties, nume...
Colorectal cancer poses a significant threat to human health due to its high aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Key factors impacting patient outcomes include post-surgical recurrence, chemotherapeutic drug resistance, and insensitivity to immunother...
Aptamers are nucleic acid/peptide molecules that can be generated by a sophisticated, well-established technique known as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX). Aptamers can interact with their targets through structural r...
The wide range of novelties reported in this Special Issue of the journal Cells on prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction to response to therapy, has led us to a series of considerations related to a better understanding of the cu...
According to the World Health Organization Report 2022, cancer is the most common cause of death contributing to nearly one out of six deaths worldwide. Early cancer diagnosis and prognosis have become essential in reducing the mortality rate. On the...
Theranostic materials, which combine therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities, represent a promising advancement in cancer treatment by improving both the precision and personalization of therapies. Recently, metal peroxides (MePOs) have attracted sig...
The innovative development of nanomedicine has promised effective treatment options compared to the standard therapeutics for cancer therapy. However, the efficiency of EPR-targeted nanodrugs is not always pleasing as it is strongly prejudiced by the...
Brain cancers, mainly high-grade gliomas/glioblastoma, are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and recurrence with an extremely poor prognosis. Despite various conventional treatment strategies, viz., resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy...
Cancer of the urinary bladder is a neoplasm with considerable importance in veterinary medicine, given its high incidence in several domestic animal species and its life-threatening character. Bladder cancer in companion animals shows a complex and s...
Prostate cancer is among the most frequent cancers in men worldwide. Despite the fact that multiple therapeutic alternatives are available for its treatment, it is often discovered in an advanced stage as a metastatic disease. Prostate cancer screeni...
Modern oncology increasingly relies on the role of proteins as key components in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. This review examines advancements in protein biomarkers across several cancer types, including breast cancer, lung can...
Nanotechnology is in the spotlight of therapeutic innovation, with numerous advantages for tumor visualization and eradication. The end goal of the therapeutic use of nanoparticles, however, remains distant due to the limitations of nanoparticles to...
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, and early detection and treatment has been shown to significantly reduce fatality rates from severe illness. Moreover, determination of the human epidermal growth fact...
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using nanoparticles in the medical sciences. Today, metal nanoparticles have many applications in medicine for tumor visualization, drug delivery, and early diagnosis, with different modalitie...
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignant tumor characterized by challenges in early diagnosis and limited therapeutic options, leading to an exceptionally low clinical cure rate. With the advent of novel cancer treatment paradigms, ferroptosis&...
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