This study employed magnetic filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition to fabricate TiN/Ti multilayer coatings, examining the impact of nitrogen flow rates—4, 8, 12, and 16 sccm—on their performance, with an emphasis on gradient flow rates...
This study systematically investigates the influence of nitrogen (N2) flow rates and nitrocarburized (PNC) interlayers on the mechanical and tribological properties of TiAlN coatings deposited on 300M steel substrates via magnetron sputtering. The co...
By reactive DC magnetron sputtering from a pure Ta target onto silicon substrates, Ta(N) films were prepared with different N2 flow rates of 0, 12, 17, 25, 38, and 58 sccm. The effects of N2 flow rate on the electrical properties, crystal structure,...
The main focus of this work is the successful deposition of hard and wear-resistant TiAlCN coating on the surface of GCr15 bearing steel by means of magnetron sputtering technology. The phase composition of the chromium nitride transition layer was m...
Ti-Al-N coatings were deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) onto IN 718 at different nitrogen flow rates and deposition temperatures. The coatings’ properties were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectr...
With the growth of the automobile, machinery, and aerospace industries, demand for high-performance surface coatings having multifunctional characteristics for use in mechanical parts is increasing. In this study, ternary/quaternary Mo–Cu&ndash...
In this study, a 4H-SiC homoepitaxial layer was grown on a 150 mm 4° off-axis substrate using a horizontal hot-wall CVD reactor. The research aimed to investigate the impact of varying the C/Si ratio and temperature while also changing the N2 flo...
Efficient application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles in remediation processes relies heavily on the ability to modify the surfaces of nZVI particles to enhance their stability and mobility in subsurface layers. We investigated the eff...
The goal of our investigation is the hydrological 2D modelling of Lithaios River’s (Central Greece) streamflow, using GIS and geostatistics for studying water velocity and discharge, stage elevation, and hydraulic features (streamflow depth, wa...
The high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technique was applied to deposit multilayer-like (Cr, Y)Nx coatings on AISI 304L stainless steel, using pendular substrate oscillation and a Cr-Y target and varying the nitrogen flow rate from 10 t...
Chromium nitride (Cr-N) coatings fabricated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) have gained significant interest in the field of surface protection with the exceptional hardness, robust adhesion to substrates, and superior wear resistance. The mechani...
This work is devoted to the production of Mo-Hf-Y-Si-B-N coatings using magnetron sputtering with varying N2 flow rate; the analysis of magnetron discharge plasma; and the investigation of the structure, and optical, mechanical, and tribological char...
The evaporation of liquid hydrocarbon n-heptane is discussed in detail with experimentation and numerical techniques. A maximum wall temperature of 1050 K was reported during an experimental process with a two-phase flow that was stable and had a pro...
This study investigated the effect of purge gas flow rate and purge gas flow time on the properties of TiN thin films via chemical reaction simulation and the plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process along purge gas flow rates and time...
Control of the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of TiCN films play an important role in its numerous applications, including the cutting tools, mechanical components, aeronautical and biomedical engineering industries. Direct-curren...
The AlGaN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structures were grown on a Si (111) substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition in combination with the insertion of a SiNx nano-mask into the low-temperature GaN buffer layer. Herein, the i...
In this work, a series of quaternary AlxInyGa1−x−yN thin films have been successfully achieved using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method with adjustable trimethylaluminum (TMA) flows. Surface morphology and optical properties of Al...
To improve the thermal and mechanical stability of SiCf/SiC or C/SiC composites with SiBN interphase, SiBN coating was deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) using SiCl4-BCl3-NH3-H2-Ar gas system. The effect of the SiCl4 flow rat...
Optimum nitrogen (N) application is essential to the economic and environmental sustainability of cotton production. Variable-rate N fertigation could potentially help farmers optimize N applications, but current overhead irrigation systems normally...
In Knudsen pumps with geometric configuration of rectangle, gas flows are induced by temperature gradients along channel walls. In this paper, the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is used to investigate numerically the flow characteristics...
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) technology is a novel biological nitrogen removal technology with potential applications for the treatment of nitrogenous wastewater treatment prospects. Most of the literature explores the growth environment of...
A series of Tantalum Nitride (TaN) films under a reactive direct current magnetron sputtering method with a controlled total gas flow rate were prepared on aluminum oxide substrates. To find the nitrogen flow rate, which produced the minimum sheet re...
In this study, radial crystallization purification method under induction was proposed for preparing 6N,7N ultra-high purity gallium crystal seed. The effect of cooling temperature on the morphology of the crystal seed, as well as the cooling water t...
In order to address the weaknesses of poor corrosion resistance of hydraulic cylinder piston rods, we have developed a surface protection strategy for titanium aluminum nitride coatings by filter cathode vacuum arc (FCVA) technology. The optimization...
This study deposited CrAlN coatings from Al50Cr50 targets using high-power impulse magnetron sputtering, with a focus on the effects of nitrogen content and substrate bias voltage on the deposition rate, microstructure, crystal orientation, residual...
Subsurface perforated pipes drain infiltrated stormwater runoff while attenuating the peak flow. The Manning roughness coefficient (n) was identified as a fundamental parameter for estimating roughness in various subsurface channels. Hence, in this w...
Carbon, a compensator in GaN, is an inherent part of the organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) environment due to the use of organometallic sources. In this study, the impact of growth conditions are explored on the incorporation of carbon in Ga...
MoSN/MoS2 multilayer films were deposited by a sputtering MoS2 target in alternate Ar and Ar/N2 mixed atmospheres with different nitrogen flow rates. The influence of nitrogen flow rates on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties o...
Based on the split-and-recombine principle, a millimeter-scale butterfly-shaped microreactor was designed and fabricated through femtosecond laser micromachining. The velocity fields, streamlines and pressure fields of the single-phase flow in the mi...
The viscous rheological behavior of suspensions of mixtures of fumed silica nanoparticles (N20) and rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystals (NCC) were studied experimentally. The fumed silica concentration varied from 2 to 11.3 wt% and the NCC concentratio...
In this study, the effects of various moisture pretreatment devices (MPDs) on the analytical process of trichloroethylene (TCE) and nitrous oxide (N2O), which are representative organic and inorganic compounds emitted from semiconductor industries, w...
Sustaining good water quality in aquaculture ponds is vital. Without an aerator, the dissolved oxygen in ponds comes primarily from mass transfer at the water-ambient atmosphere interface. As sediment can seriously affect water quality, this study us...
In this study, as-cast ductile iron was austempered to produce austempered ductile iron (ADI). A CrAlSiN film was then deposited on the surface of ADI specimens using the cathodic arc deposition (CAD) method. The gas flow ratio of Ar/N2 varied (2, 2....
Low flow rate micropumps play an increasingly important role in drug therapy research. Infusions to small biological structures and lab-on-a-chip applications require ultra-low flow rates and will benefit from the ability to expend no power in the bl...
Series of displacement tests of water by cold n-hexanol (below 0 °C) in a straight tube were conducted to investigate the freezing-accompanied displacement process, which occurs during the cryogenic fracturing process. The interrelationship betwe...
Tungsten carbide (WC) and Tungsten carbonitride (WCN) coatings are deposited by reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) with various nitrogen gas flow rates. The characteristics of discharge current and plasma optical emission of Hi...
In order to suppress the rapid combustion effect and consumption rate of pure hydrogen gas, N2 or CO2 at flow rates of 0, 80, and 240 Nm3/h was pre-mixed with shrouding H2 at flow rates of 800, 720, and 560 Nm3/h at room temperature, and the behavior...
Whey protein is fortified into beverages to provide functional benefits, however, these beverages are considered mouthdrying. To date whey protein derived mouthdrying has not been quantified using a ‘physical measure’ in parallel with rated perceptio...
The properties of thin films are often influenced by the crystal’s preferred orientation. In the present study, we report the strong dependence of surface conductivity on the preferred orientation of TiN film that acts as the coating material f...
The planting of fruit trees on sloping land can bring significant benefits to the local economy, but it also causes different degrees of soil and water erosion problems. In this study, we investigated the differences in nutrient migration in slope di...
This work compares the hardness and adhesion properties of AlCrN and AlCrCN hard coatings synthesized via HiPIMS using Al70Cr30 and Cr targets. The hardness and adhesion properties of AlCrCN films were optimized by performing deposition under various...
The present article describes the diagnostics of a compressor that is compressing a mixture of H2 and N2 on the basis of the results that were obtained by operational measurements of the flow rates and temperatures at selected compressor sites, as we...
Recently, research has been conducted on nanocomposite thin films containing new additive elements in ZrN. In this paper, a method for depositing ZrCuSiN nanocomposite coatings using a ZrCuSi single target is presented. The ZrCuSi target that was use...
In this paper, the analysis of silicon oxynitride (SiON) films, deposited utilizing the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process, for optical waveguides on silicon wafers is presented. The impact of N2O flow rate on various SiON film...
AlN thin films were deposited on flexible Hastelloy tapes and Si (100) substrate by middle-frequency magnetron sputtering. A layer of Y2O3 films was used as a buffer layer for the Hastelloy tapes. A two-step deposition technique was used to prepare t...
Introduction: The influence of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) supplementation on health outcomes has been studied extensively with randomized controlled trials (RCT). In many research fields, difficulties with recruitment, ad...
Silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride thin films are widely used in microelectronic fabrication and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Their mechanical properties are important for MEMS structures; however, these properties are rarely reported,...
Open cell foams consisting of Fe and Fe-Mn oxides are prepared from metallic Fe and Mn powder precursors by the replication method using porous polyurethane (PU) templates. First, reticulated PU templates are coated by slurry impregnation. The templa...
This study investigates the thermal decomposition behavior of GaN-based epilayers on patterned sapphire substrates (GaN-epi/PSSs) in a quartz furnace tube under a hydrogen atmosphere. The GaN-epi/PSS was decomposed under different hydrogen flow rates...
In this work, titanium nitride (TiN) nanorod arrays were fabricated using glancing angle deposition in a magnetron sputtering system. The deposition parameters, including the bias on the substrate and the flow rate of nitrogen, were varied to deposit...
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