191 Results Found

Gram-positive bacteria are some of the earliest known life forms, diverging from gram-negative bacteria 2 billion years ago. These organisms utilize sortase enzymes to attach proteins to their peptidoglycan cell wall, a structural feature that distin...

The members of Phyllachora are biotrophic, obligate plant parasitic fungi featuring a high degree of host specificity. This genus also features a high degree of species richness and worldwide distribution. In this study, four species occurring on lea...

The bifunctional glutathione synthase (GshF) is able to catalyze glutathione synthesis and is favored for industrial application due to its lack of product inhibition. However, its practical use is limited by moderate catalytic efficiency and poor th...

As a biologically active peptide, L-carnosine has been widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health care industries due to its various physiological properties. However, relatively little research is available regarding L-carnosine’s...

Understanding the evolution of ancestral life, and especially the ability of some organisms to flourish in the variable environments experienced in Earth’s early biosphere, requires knowledge of the characteristics and the environment of these ancest...

Ancestral genome reconstruction can be understood as a phylogenetic study with more details than a traditional phylogenetic tree reconstruction. We present a new computational system called REGEN for ancestral bacterial genome reconstruction at both...

The RACCROCHE pipeline reconstructs ancestral gene orders and chromosomal contents of the ancestral genomes at all internal vertices of a phylogenetic tree. The strategy is to accumulate a very large number of generalized adjacencies, phylogeneticall...

Xylanase is an essential component used to hydrolyze the xylan in wheat flour to enhance the quality of bread. Presently, cold-activated xylanase is popularly utilized to aid in the development of dough. In this study, ancestral sequence reconstructi...

Haloalkane dehalogenases (EC 3.8.1.5) play an important role in hydrolytic degradation of halogenated compounds, resulting in a halide ion, a proton, and an alcohol. They are used in biocatalysis, bioremediation, and biosensing of environmental pollu...

The evolutionary arms race between host restriction factors and viral antagonists provides crucial insights into immune system evolution and viral adaptation. This study investigates the structural and evolutionary dynamics of the double-domain restr...

Fungi of the Conidiobolus group belong to the family Ancylistaceae (Entomophthorales, Entomophthoromycotina, Zoopagomycota) and include over 70 predominantly saprotrophic species in four similar and closely related genera, that were separated phyloge...

Advances in genetics and developmental biology are revealing the relationship between genotype and dental phenotype (G:P), providing new approaches for how paleontologists assess dental variation in the fossil record. Our aim was to understand how th...

The genus Aedes is well known for its desiccation-resistant eggs, which frequently serve as an overwintering mechanism through diapause. Despite this, relatively little is known about the diapause and overwintering biology of most Aedes species inclu...

Soft-furred tree mice (genus Typhlomys), which are native to southern China and northern Vietnam, are unique rodents capable of echolocation. Little is known about their taxonomy, ecology, and natural history. In this study, we generated the complete...

Ciliates of the genus Frontonia have been extensively studied to resolve their phylogenetic and evolutionary history, but challenges remain. This study used molecular analyses of SSU rRNA genes, phylogenetic tree reconstruction, molecular dating, and...

Aytoniaceae are one of the largest families of complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiopsida), consisting of about 70 species, with most species being distributed in temperate areas. However, the phylogeny and evolution of the morphological character...

A deeper understanding of HIV-1 transmission and drug resistance mechanisms can lead to improvements in current treatment policies. However, the rates at which HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs) are acquired and which transmitted DRMs persist are...

Cyanobacteria are major contributors to global carbon fixation and primarily use visible light (400−700 nm) to drive oxygenic photosynthesis. When shifted into environments where visible light is attenuated, a small, but highly diverse and wide...

We investigated the biogeography of Stigmaphyllon, the second-largest lianescent genus of Malpighiaceae, as a model genus to reconstruct the age and biogeographic history of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest (BAF). Few studies to date have focused on...

The Cordycipitaceae family of insecticidal fungi is widely distributed in nature, is the most complex in the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota), with members displaying a diversity of morphological characteristics and insect host ranges. Based on Bayesia...

This study presents an in silico proof of concept exploring whether deep learning models can perform conditional mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence prediction across species boundaries. A CNN–BiLSTM model was trained under a leave-one-species-o...

In this study, we focus on a detailed bioinformatics analysis of hyBpox genes, mainly within the genomes of Sclerotiniaceae (Ascomycota, Leotiomycetes), which is a specifically evolved fungal family of necrotrophic host generalists and saprophytic or...

In this study, the mitochondrial genomes of 22 species from three subfamilies in the Sphingidae were sequenced, assembled, and annotated. Eight diurnal hawkmoths were included, of which six were newly sequenced (Hemaris radians, Macroglossum bombylan...

The mulberry genus, Morus L. (Moraceae), has long been taxonomically difficult, and its species circumscription has only been defined recently. This genus comprises ca. 16 species distributed across Asia and the Americas, yet its biogeographic histor...

This study presents a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on four DNA regions (plastid matK, trnL-trnF, and rps16 and nuclear ribosomal ITS) for Ctenanthe, Saranthe and Stromanthe, encompassing nearly 70% of species in these genera. Given this exte...

Understanding the evolutionary history of endangered species is crucial for identifying the main reasons for species endangerment in the past and predicting the changing trends and evolutionary directions of their future distribution. In order to stu...

Botryosphaeriales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) occur in a wide range of habitats as endophytes, saprobes, and pathogens. The order Botryosphaeriales has not been subjected to evaluation since 2019 by Phillips and co-authors using phylogenetic and ev...

For over 100 years after the description of the first case of African swine fever (ASF) in Kenya, ASF virus (ASFV) cross-border spread in eastern and southern Africa has not been fully investigated. In this manuscript, we reviewed systematically the...

How Nature discovered genetic coding is a largely ignored question, yet the answer is key to explaining the transition from biochemical building blocks to life. Other, related puzzles also fall inside the aegis enclosing the codes themselves. The pep...

Virus host range, i.e., the number and diversity of host species of viruses, is an important determinant of disease emergence and of the efficiency of disease control strategies. However, for plant viruses, little is known about the genetic or ecolog...

Though mostly soil dwelling, oribatid mites are found in all kind of habitats, with several species exclusively living on trees. Using previously published DNA sequences and eco-morphological data available from the literature, we inferred the number...

Wolbachia bacteria are widely distributed across invertebrate taxa, including ants, but several aspects of this host-associated interaction are still poorly explored, especially with regard to the ancestral state association, origin, and dispersion p...

Continuous surveillance is critical for early intervention against emerging novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, we investigated and compared the variant-specific evolutionary epidemiology of all the Delta and Omicron sequences collected between 202...

Armillaria species have a global distribution and play various roles in the natural ecosystems, e.g., pathogens, decomposers, and mycorrhizal associates. However, their taxonomic boundaries, speciation processes, and origin are poorly understood. Her...

This article examines how the Park Chung Hee regime reshaped the public memory of the Neo-Confucian philosopher Yi I (penname Yulgok, 1536–1584) by recasting him as a model of patriotic nationalism. Beginning with the inauguration of the Yulgok...

In this work, the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the ancestral Peptidyl Transferase Center (PTC) built by concatamers of ancestral sequences of tRNAs was reconstructed, and its possible interactions with tRNAs molecules were analyzed. The 3D str...

In this paper, we report on the discovery of the hidden biodiversity of the genus Dendronotus (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) in bathyal areas of the North Pacific (the Sea of Okhotsk and the Kuril Islands). We also test different scenarios of Dendronotus...

The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is subject to the progressive disappearance of its traditional chestnut groves. In the northern part of Italy, where distribution of the sweet chestnut is fragmented, many local varieties continue to be iden...

Pervasive purifying selection on non-synonymous substitutions is a hallmark of papillomavirus genome history, but the role of selection on and the drift of non-coding DNA motifs on HPV diversification is poorly understood. In this study, more than a...

The taxonomy of the subfamily Linoideae at the intergeneric and section levels has been questioned throughout the years, and the evolution of floral characters remains poorly understood. In particular, the evolution of flower color is still uncertain...

The evolution of chromosome number and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci number and localisation were studied in Onobrychis Mill. Diploid and tetraploid species, as well as two basic chromosome numbers, x = 7 and x = 8, were observed among analysed taxa. The...

Despite many decades of studies, our knowledge of skeletal development in birds is limited in many aspects. One of them is the development of the vertebral column. For many years it was widely believed that the column ossifies anteroposteriorly. Howe...

Spirorbinae, a ubiquitous group of marine calcareous tubeworms with a small body size as adults, have a fascinating diversity of brooding modes that form the basis for their taxonomic division into six tribes (traditionally subfamilies): in-tube incu...

Carnivorous plants from the Lentibulariaceae form a variety of standard and novel vegetative organs and survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Within Genlisea, only G. tuberosa, from the Brazilian Cerrado, formed tubers, while Utricularia menz...

To contemplate African American experience and its many racialized contours is to invoke a tensive quandary concerning the reconstruction of African American cultural identity in a dynamic network of historically assailed African diasporas. Utilizing...

The damselflies Hetaerininae, a subfamily of Calopterygidae, comprise four genera distributed from North to South America: Hetaerina, Mnesarete, Ormenophlebia and Bryoplathanon. While several studies have focused on the intriguing behavioral and morp...

Studying parallel and convergent amino acid replacements in protein evolution is frequently used to assess adaptive evolution at the molecular level. Identifying parallel and convergent replacements involves multiple steps and computational routines,...

Reconstructing biogeographic history is challenging when dispersal biology of studied species is poorly understood, and they have undergone a complex geological past. Here, we reconstruct the origin and subsequent dispersal of coin spiders (Nephilida...

Dominance and leverage are both possible causes of social inequality. If sexual dimorphism influences patterns of intersexual dominance, we predicted that highly dimorphic species are constrained to exhibit male-biased power (MP), but species with lo...

The evolution of the karyotype and genome size was examined in species of Crepis sensu lato. The phylogenetic relationships, inferred from the plastid and nrITS DNA sequences, were used as a framework to infer the patterns of karyotype evolution. Fiv...