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  • Review
  • Open Access
364 Citations
49,223 Views
16 Pages

Greenhouse gas emissions from the freight transportation sector are a significant contributor to climate change, pollution, and negative health impacts because of the common use of heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDVs). Governments around the world are w...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Road for Renewable Energies)
  • Review
  • Open Access
293 Citations
34,359 Views
21 Pages

A Review of Technical Standards for Smart Cities

  • Chun Sing Lai,
  • Youwei Jia,
  • Zhekang Dong,
  • Dongxiao Wang,
  • Yingshan Tao,
  • Qi Hong Lai,
  • Richard T. K. Wong,
  • Ahmed F. Zobaa,
  • Ruiheng Wu and
  • Loi Lei Lai

Smart cities employ technology and data to increase efficiencies, economic development, sustainability, and life quality for citizens in urban areas. Inevitably, clean technologies promote smart cities development including for energy, transportation...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers 2020)
  • Review
  • Open Access
258 Citations
38,588 Views
23 Pages

Lithium-Ion Batteries—The Crux of Electric Vehicles with Opportunities and Challenges

  • Shriram S. Rangarajan,
  • Suvetha Poyyamani Sunddararaj,
  • AVV Sudhakar,
  • Chandan Kumar Shiva,
  • Umashankar Subramaniam,
  • E. Randolph Collins and
  • Tomonobu Senjyu

21 September 2022

With the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries in a wide range of consumer electronics products, the CE industry has undergone a dramatic shift. The Li-ion battery has emerged as the heart of electric cars, and the focus has now shifted to the auto...

  • Review
  • Open Access
205 Citations
24,253 Views
18 Pages

As Earth’s fossil energy resources are limited, there is a growing need for renewable resources such as biodiesel. That is the reason why the social, economic and environmental impacts of biofuels became an important research topic in the last...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers 2020)
  • Review
  • Open Access
173 Citations
14,636 Views
29 Pages

20 December 2021

Hydrogen is recognized as a promising and attractive energy carrier to decarbonize the sectors responsible for global warming, such as electricity production, industry, and transportation. However, although hydrogen releases only water as a result of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Economy Technologies)
  • Review
  • Open Access
160 Citations
35,273 Views
15 Pages

Water Pollution and Agriculture Pesticide

  • Samira Mosalaei Rad,
  • Ajay K. Ray and
  • Shahzad Barghi

20 October 2022

The agricultural industry uses substantial amounts of water (the highest in the world) mostly for irrigation purposes. Rapid population growth and, consequently, growing demand for food have increased the use of pesticide to have higher yield for cro...

  • Review
  • Open Access
151 Citations
22,369 Views
15 Pages

Advances in Carbon Capture and Use (CCU) Technologies: A Comprehensive Review and CO2 Mitigation Potential Analysis

  • Christiano B. Peres,
  • Pedro M. R. Resende,
  • Leonel J. R. Nunes and
  • Leandro C. de Morais

17 November 2022

One of society’s major current challenges is carbon dioxide emissions and their consequences. In this context, new technologies for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture have attracted much attention. One of these is carbon capture and utilization (CCU)...

  • Review
  • Open Access
142 Citations
34,465 Views
37 Pages

A Comparative Analysis of Different Hydrogen Production Methods and Their Environmental Impact

  • Somtochukwu Godfrey Nnabuife,
  • Caleb Kwasi Darko,
  • Precious Chineze Obiako,
  • Boyu Kuang,
  • Xiaoxiao Sun and
  • Karl Jenkins

29 November 2023

This study emphasises the growing relevance of hydrogen as a green energy source in meeting the growing need for sustainable energy solutions. It foregrounds the importance of assessing the environmental consequences of hydrogen-generating processes...

  • Article
  • Open Access
125 Citations
9,052 Views
23 Pages

Cleaner Technology and Natural Resource Management: An Environmental Sustainability Perspective from China

  • Fiza Shaheen,
  • Muhammad Saeed Lodhi,
  • Joanna Rosak-Szyrocka,
  • Khalid Zaman,
  • Usama Awan,
  • Muhammad Asif,
  • Waqas Ahmed and
  • Maria Siddique

In economies, cleaner technology, increased demand for renewable energy, and more efficient use of natural resources contribute to meeting environmental sustainability targets. The Chinese economy is no exception in its attempts to conserve economic...

  • Review
  • Open Access
118 Citations
26,622 Views
21 Pages

Biodiesel Sustainability: Review of Progress and Challenges of Biodiesel as Sustainable Biofuel

  • Ade Suhara,
  • Karyadi,
  • Safarudin Gazali Herawan,
  • Andy Tirta,
  • Muhammad Idris,
  • Muhammad Faizullizam Roslan,
  • Nicky Rahmana Putra,
  • April Lia Hananto and
  • Ibham Veza

Biodiesel, an environmentally degradable and renewable biofuel derived from organic matter, has exhibited its capacity as a viable and sustainable substitute for traditional diesel fuel. Numerous comprehensive investigations have been conducted to as...

  • Review
  • Open Access
103 Citations
20,892 Views
19 Pages

The Potential Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development in Tanzania: A Review

  • Obadia Kyetuza Bishoge,
  • Lingling Zhang and
  • Witness Gerald Mushi

Currently, renewable energy development is emphasized for sustainable development goals accomplishment and the better realization of sustainable development globally. Tanzania, like other developing countries, is striving to adopt different ways of e...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
103 Citations
15,496 Views
27 Pages

Bio-Hydrogen Production from Wastewater: A Comparative Study of Low Energy Intensive Production Processes

  • A K M Khabirul Islam,
  • Patrick S. M. Dunlop,
  • Neil J. Hewitt,
  • Rose Lenihan and
  • Caterina Brandoni

18 February 2021

Billions of litres of wastewater are produced daily from domestic and industrial areas, and whilst wastewater is often perceived as a problem, it has the potential to be viewed as a rich source for resources and energy. Wastewater contains between fo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Economy Technologies)
  • Review
  • Open Access
100 Citations
38,835 Views
14 Pages

2 November 2022

Solid waste management (SWM) in rural areas of many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) represents a critical and underrated topic. However, almost half of the world’s population still lives in rural areas and an adequate SWM is crucial in...

  • Review
  • Open Access
99 Citations
12,942 Views
25 Pages

14 February 2020

Fractionation of lignocellulose is a fundamental step in the valorization of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin to produce various sustainable fuels, materials and chemicals. Strong alkaline fractionation is one of the most applied processes since...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Process Engineering)
  • Review
  • Open Access
97 Citations
39,208 Views
38 Pages

Sugarcane Bagasse: Challenges and Opportunities for Waste Recycling

  • Carlos T. Hiranobe,
  • Andressa S. Gomes,
  • Fábio F. G. Paiva,
  • Gabrieli R. Tolosa,
  • Leonardo L. Paim,
  • Guilherme Dognani,
  • Guilherme P. Cardim,
  • Henrique P. Cardim,
  • Renivaldo J. dos Santos and
  • Flávio C. Cabrera

Sugarcane has primarily been used for sugar and ethanol production. It creates large quantities of residual lignocellulosic biomass such as sugarcane bagasse, leaves, tops, and vinasse. Biomass is a sustainable prospect for biorefineries aiming to op...

  • Review
  • Open Access
90 Citations
19,017 Views
31 Pages

The Drivers and Barriers of Renewable Energy Applications and Development in Uganda: A Review

  • Adebayo Fashina,
  • Mustafa Mundu,
  • Oluwole Akiyode,
  • Lookman Abdullah,
  • Dahiru Sanni and
  • Living Ounyesiga

Following the increasing global awareness of the dangers posed by the present state of climate change, many countries such as Uganda have adapted long-term plans for a transition to decarbonised economies. A major strategy for decarbonisation is to r...

  • Review
  • Open Access
88 Citations
31,668 Views
27 Pages

20 January 2023

The linkage between metal nodes and organic linkers has led to the development of new porous crystalline materials called metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). These have found significant potential applications in different areas such as gas storag...

  • Review
  • Open Access
83 Citations
32,506 Views
23 Pages

Innovative Approaches to an Eco-Friendly Cosmetic Industry: A Review of Sustainable Ingredients

  • Rafaela Sasounian,
  • Renata Miliani Martinez,
  • André Moreni Lopes,
  • Jeanine Giarolla,
  • Catarina Rosado,
  • Wagner Vidal Magalhães,
  • Maria Valéria Robles Velasco and
  • André Rolim Baby

8 February 2024

Sustainable ingredients in cosmetics have been discussed for the past decade, and the COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness of this significant topic. Consumers are informed and vigilant about clean labels, driving the necessity for sustainabilit...

  • Review
  • Open Access
82 Citations
20,836 Views
40 Pages

Poly(lactic acid) and Its Blends for Packaging Application: A Review

  • Stefano De Luca,
  • Daniel Milanese,
  • Duccio Gallichi-Nottiani,
  • Antonella Cavazza and
  • Corrado Sciancalepore

10 November 2023

Biopolymers obtained from renewable resources are an interesting alternative to conventional polymers obtained from fossil resources, as they are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Valorization of Industrial and Agro Waste)
  • Review
  • Open Access
74 Citations
20,861 Views
38 Pages

Decoupling Economic Growth from Carbon Emissions: A Transition toward Low-Carbon Energy Systems—A Critical Review

  • Oluwatoyin J. Gbadeyan,
  • Joseph Muthivhi,
  • Linda Z. Linganiso and
  • Nirmala Deenadayalu

19 August 2024

Climate change has become a global nightmare, and the awareness of the causes of carbon emissions has resulted in rigorous studies. These studies linked the increase in global warming with booming economic growth. Since global warming has become more...

  • Article
  • Open Access
70 Citations
11,837 Views
27 Pages

Remediation of Heavy Metals Using Biomass-Based Adsorbents: Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherm Models

  • Okon-Akan Omolabake Abiodun,
  • Oluwasogo Oluwaseun,
  • Olaoye Kayode Oladayo,
  • Omoogun Abayomi,
  • Akpowu Arubi George,
  • Emmanuel Opatola,
  • Robinson Friday Orah,
  • Efe Jeffery Isukuru,
  • Ifunanya Chiamaka Ede and
  • Ibrahim Asiata Omotayo
  • + 2 authors

This study aims to comprehensively investigate the current advances in water treatment technologies for the elimination of heavy metals using biomass-based adsorbents. The enhancement of adsorption capacity in biomass materials is achieved through su...

(This article belongs to the Collection Brilliant Young Researchers in Clean Technologies)
  • Review
  • Open Access
68 Citations
13,193 Views
16 Pages

Electrical Vehicles: Current State of the Art, Future Challenges, and Perspectives

  • Theodoros A. Skouras,
  • Panagiotis K. Gkonis,
  • Charalampos N. Ilias,
  • Panagiotis T. Trakadas,
  • Eleftherios G. Tsampasis and
  • Theodore V. Zahariadis

The goal of the study presented in this article is to provide a general overview of the various aspects related to electric vehicles (EVs), along with all associated emerging challenges and perspectives. In this context, the basic types of EVs and th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
67 Citations
37,452 Views
16 Pages

This article aims to study the interest of spent coffee grounds (SCG) valorization through caffeine recovery. In an original way, this study takes into account all the parameters such as (i) the brewing coffee methods (household, coffee shops, etc.);...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Process Engineering)
  • Review
  • Open Access
63 Citations
30,057 Views
25 Pages

Vapor Compression Cycle: A State-of-the-Art Review on Cycle Improvements, Water and Other Natural Refrigerants

  • Fadi Alsouda,
  • Nick S. Bennett,
  • Suvash C. Saha,
  • Fatemeh Salehi and
  • Mohammad S. Islam

Air conditioning and refrigeration have become necessary in modern life, accounting for more than 7.8% of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted globally. Reducing the environmental impact of these systems is crucial for meeting the global GHG emission targe...

(This article belongs to the Collection Review Papers in Clean Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
61 Citations
18,596 Views
15 Pages

Sustainability Assessment of Cotton-Based Textile Wet Processing

  • S M Fijul Kabir,
  • Samit Chakraborty,
  • S M Azizul Hoque and
  • Kavita Mathur

1 September 2019

The textile and fashion industries account for a significant part of global business. Textile wet processing (TWP) is a crucial stage in textile manufacturing. It imparts aesthetics as well as functional appeal on the textile fabric and ultimate prod...

  • Review
  • Open Access
61 Citations
9,219 Views
21 Pages

11 January 2023

The refrigeration industry is an energy-intensive sector. Increasing the efficiency of industrial refrigeration systems is crucial for reducing production costs and minimizing CO2 emissions. Optimization of refrigeration systems is often a complex an...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synergistic Technologies to Advance in Sustainable Refrigeration)
  • Review
  • Open Access
61 Citations
16,089 Views
29 Pages

To mitigate dangerous climate change effects, the 195 countries that signed the 2015 Paris Agreement agreed to “keep the increase in average global surface temperature below 2 °C and limit the increase to 1.5 °C” by reducing carbo...

(This article belongs to the Collection Review Papers in Clean Technologies)
  • Review
  • Open Access
61 Citations
12,111 Views
24 Pages

Adsorption of Lead from Aqueous Solution by Biochar: A Review

  • Chuanbin Wang,
  • Xutong Wang,
  • Ning Li,
  • Junyu Tao,
  • Beibei Yan,
  • Xiaoqiang Cui and
  • Guanyi Chen

Industrialization has resulted in the discharge of a certain amount of lead (Pb) from industrial sources causing damage risk to water quality and human health. Adsorption is an effective technique to remove Pb, and biochar has been widely studied owi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
54 Citations
14,045 Views
35 Pages

Integration of Solar Process Heat in Industries: A Review

  • Nahin Tasmin,
  • Shahjadi Hisan Farjana,
  • Md Rashed Hossain,
  • Santu Golder and
  • M. A. Parvez Mahmud

17 February 2022

Industrial manufacturing approaches are associated with processing materials that consume a significant amount of thermal energy, termed as industrial process heat. Industrial sectors consume a substantial amount of energy for process heating over a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Road for Renewable Energies)
  • Review
  • Open Access
53 Citations
11,480 Views
34 Pages

14 October 2022

Effluent treatment and reuse are essential in order to address the global problem of water scarcity. Additionally, improving the quality of treated wastewater is necessary to reduce its adverse effects on natural water resources and, consequently, on...

(This article belongs to the Collection Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
51 Citations
6,966 Views
21 Pages

Machine Learning Applications in Renewable Energy (MLARE) Research: A Publication Trend and Bibliometric Analysis Study (2012–2021)

  • Samuel-Soma M. Ajibade,
  • Festus Victor Bekun,
  • Festus Fatai Adedoyin,
  • Bright Akwasi Gyamfi and
  • Anthonia Oluwatosin Adediran

This study examines the research climate on machine learning applications in renewable energy (MLARE). Therefore, the publication trends (PT) and bibliometric analysis (BA) on MLARE research published and indexed in the Elsevier Scopus database betwe...

(This article belongs to the Collection Review Papers in Clean Technologies)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
7,749 Views
22 Pages

Insights into the Adsorption of Cr(VI) on Activated Carbon Prepared from Walnut Shells: Combining Response Surface Methodology with Computational Calculation

  • Hicham Yazid,
  • Taoufiq Bouzid,
  • El mountassir El mouchtari,
  • Lahoucine Bahsis,
  • Mamoune El Himri,
  • Salah Rafqah and
  • Mohammadine El haddad

26 February 2024

Walnut shells were used to produce highly microporous activated carbon. The prepared activated walnut shells were found to be an efficient adsorbent for removing Cr(VI). The study used the response surface methodology to investigate four independent...

  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
10,136 Views
20 Pages

Functional and Environmental Performances of Novel Electrolytic Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells: A Lab-Scale Case Study

  • Matteo Di Virgilio,
  • Andrea Basso Peressut,
  • Valeria Arosio,
  • Alessandro Arrigoni,
  • Saverio Latorrata and
  • Giovanni Dotelli

Despite being the most employed polymer electrolyte for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), Nafion® has several limitations: expensiveness, poor performance when exposed to temperatures higher than 80 °C, and its potential as a sour...

  • Review
  • Open Access
50 Citations
12,357 Views
38 Pages

Investigation of Hydrogen Production System-Based PEM EL: PEM EL Modeling, DC/DC Power Converter, and Controller Design Approaches

  • Mohamed Koundi,
  • Hassan El Fadil,
  • Zakaria EL Idrissi,
  • Abdellah Lassioui,
  • Abdessamad Intidam,
  • Tasnime Bouanou,
  • Soukaina Nady and
  • Aziz Rachid

The main component of the hydrogen production system is the electrolyzer (EL), which is used to convert electrical energy and water into hydrogen and oxygen. The power converter supplies the EL, and the controller is used to ensure the global stabili...

(This article belongs to the Collection Review Papers in Clean Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
50 Citations
15,062 Views
18 Pages

The coupling of fuel cell technology with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is within the sustainable development imperative for the integration of energy production purposes and recovery of materials, even if research is still under development in...

  • Review
  • Open Access
48 Citations
13,806 Views
13 Pages

14 November 2022

Electric vehicles, which are primarily powered by lithium-ion batteries, have gained much attention as the future of transportation for their environmental and economic benefits. However, the current economy of lithium-ion battery management is quite...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
8,026 Views
17 Pages

Evaluation of Commercial Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Surface Water in the Democratic Republic of Congo

  • Vercus Lumami Kapepula,
  • Mar García Alvarez,
  • Vida Sang Sefidi,
  • Estella Buleng Njoyim Tamungang,
  • Théophile Ndikumana,
  • Dieu-Donné Musibono,
  • Bart Van Der Bruggen and
  • Patricia Luis

14 December 2022

This study evaluates the performance of commercial reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes for the removal of metal ions from synthetic water and surface water carried from the north-west of Lake Tanganyika in the city of Uvira, in the...

(This article belongs to the Section Development of Sustainable Membranes and Membrane-Based Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
6,742 Views
32 Pages

1 September 2020

One of the most promising means of reducing carbon content in the atmosphere, which is aimed at tackling the threats of global warming, is injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into deep saline aquifers (DSAs). Keeping this in mind, this research aims to in...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue CO2 Capture and Sequestration)
  • Review
  • Open Access
45 Citations
17,578 Views
19 Pages

Review on the Evolution of Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: Large Wind Turbines

  • Palanisamy Mohan Kumar,
  • Krishnamoorthi Sivalingam,
  • Teik-Cheng Lim,
  • Seeram Ramakrishna and
  • He Wei

The objective of the current review is to present the development of a large vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) since its naissance to its current applications. The turbines are critically reviewed in terms of performance, blade configuration, tower d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
7,223 Views
16 Pages

Agro Waste Sugarcane Bagasse as a Cementitious Material for Reactive Powder Concrete

  • Selvadurai Sebastin,
  • Arun Kumar Priya,
  • Alagar Karthick,
  • Ravishankar Sathyamurthy and
  • Aritra Ghosh

7 December 2020

In the field of advanced concrete science, the construction industry has risen to great heights. Due to its own characterisation, the manufacturing cost of reactive powder concrete (RPC) is very high. This can be minimised by substituting the compone...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers 2020)
  • Review
  • Open Access
43 Citations
24,184 Views
18 Pages

Removal of Odors (Mainly H2S and NH3) Using Biological Treatment Methods

  • Krzysztof Barbusiński,
  • Anita Parzentna-Gabor and
  • Damian Kasperczyk

17 February 2021

This study reviews the available and most commonly used methods of gas deodorization. Comparing various methods of odor removal, undoubtedly biological methods of pollution degradation have an advantage over others—chemical and physical. This advanta...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water and Wastewater Treatment)
  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
9,313 Views
19 Pages

The shipping industry is looking for strategies to comply with increasingly stringent emission regulations. Fuel has a significant impact on emissions, so a switch to alternative fuels needs to be evaluated. This study investigated the emission perfo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
11,250 Views
17 Pages

3 November 2021

In remote areas, extending a power line to the primary electricity grid can be very expensive and power losses are high, making connections to the grid almost impossible. A well-designed microgrid that integrates renewable energy resources can help r...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Clean Technologies 2021)
  • Review
  • Open Access
43 Citations
12,186 Views
32 Pages

Key Targets for Improving Algal Biofuel Production

  • Gareth Griffiths,
  • Abul Kalam Hossain,
  • Vikas Sharma and
  • Ganesh Duraisamy

A number of technological challenges need to be overcome if algae are to be utilized for commercial fuel production. Current economic assessment is largely based on laboratory scale up or commercial systems geared to the production of high value prod...

  • Review
  • Open Access
42 Citations
16,129 Views
19 Pages

Delamination Techniques of Waste Solar Panels: A Review

  • Ali Ghahremani,
  • Scott D. Adams,
  • Michael Norton,
  • Sui Yang Khoo and
  • Abbas Z. Kouzani

29 February 2024

Solar panels are an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels; however, their useful life is limited to approximately 25 years, after which they become a waste management issue. Proper management and recycling of end-of-life (EOL) solar pa...

(This article belongs to the Collection Brilliant Young Researchers in Clean Technologies)
  • Review
  • Open Access
42 Citations
12,714 Views
51 Pages

Arsenic Removal by Adsorbents from Water for Small Communities’ Decentralized Systems: Performance, Characterization, and Effective Parameters

  • Roya Sadat Neisan,
  • Noori M. Cata Saady,
  • Carlos Bazan,
  • Sohrab Zendehboudi,
  • Abbas Al-nayili,
  • Bassim Abbassi and
  • Pritha Chatterjee

Arsenic (As), a poisonous and carcinogenic heavy metal, affects human health and the environment. Numerous technologies can remove As from drinking water. Adsorption is the most appealing option for decentralized water treatment systems (DWTS) for sm...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
7,813 Views
12 Pages

Comparison of Small-Scale Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Economic Indexes

  • Muhammad Shahzad Nazir,
  • Yeqin Wang,
  • Muhammad Bilal,
  • Hafiz M. Sohail,
  • Athraa Ali Kadhem,
  • H. M. Rashid Nazir,
  • Ahmed N. Abdalla and
  • Yongheng Ma

Wind energy is considered as one of the most prominent sources of energy for sustainable development. This technology is of interest owing to its capability to produce clean, eco-friendly, and cost-effective energy for small-scale users and rural are...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
9,622 Views
15 Pages

Removal of Acid Dyes from Textile Wastewaters Using Fish Scales by Absorption Process

  • S M Fijul Kabir,
  • Rafael Cueto,
  • Sreelatha Balamurugan,
  • Laurel D. Romeo,
  • Jenna T. Kuttruff,
  • Brian D. Marx and
  • Ioan I. Negulescu

14 October 2019

Fish scales (FS), a byproduct of the fish processing industry, are often discarded carelessly. In this present study, FS were used as a promising bio-sorbent for the removal of anionic acid dyes (acid red 1 (AR1), acid blue 45 (AB45) and acid yellow...

  • Review
  • Open Access
41 Citations
12,066 Views
55 Pages

An Overview of Biodiesel Production via Heterogeneous Catalysts: Synthesis, Current Advances, and Challenges

  • Maya Yaghi,
  • Sandra Chidiac,
  • Sary Awad,
  • Youssef El Rayess and
  • Nancy Zgheib

Biodiesel, a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels, has attracted significant attention due to its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, high production costs and complex processing remain challenges. Het...

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Clean Technol. - ISSN 2571-8797