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6.1
4.1
Journals
Clean Technol.
Special Issues
The Road for Renewable Energies
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The Road for Renewable Energies

A special issue of Clean Technologies (ISSN 2571-8797).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2021) | Viewed by 59689

Special Issue Editors

Dr. M. Dolores Esteban

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Guest Editor
1. Environment, Coast and Ocean Research Laboratory (ECOREL-UPM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2. Department of Civil Engineering, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
Interests: marine renewable energy; offshore wind; wave energy; maritime engineering; coastal engineering; offshore engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. José-Santos López-Gutiérrez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), CP 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: marine renewable energy; offshore wind; wave energy; maritime engineering; coastal engineering; offshore engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vicente Negro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dept. Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, C/ Profesor Aranguren, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), CP 28040, Madrid, Spain
Interests: marine renewable energy; offshore wind; wave energy; maritime engineering; coastal engineering; offshore engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ana Fernández-Guillamón

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Grupo de Investigación Ingeniería Eléctrica y Energías Renovables, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
Interests: photovoltaic facilities; wind energy; frequency stability; power system modeling
Dr. Yong Wan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Ocean and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
Interests: ocean remote sensing; SAR; ocean wave remote sensing; ocean wind remote sensing; wave energy assessment; wind energy assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

The great increase in the demand for energy worldwide forces us to look for renewable, inexhaustible energy sources with lower carbon footprints. That is the future, and there are a lot of people researching renewable energies. Innovation is necessary to allow the sustainable development of the industry. Thus, putting together information on the renewable industry is a must.

This Special Issue addresses all issues related to different types of renewable energy, from historical, current issues to the latest developments and the expected future. This includes wind energy, both onshore and offshore, solar energy, marine renewable energies, biomass, etc. Papers related to all disciplines are welcome: management, structures, electrical, resource, energy converters, etc.

The list of possible topics is wide. Some examples include but are not limited to developments in the following:

  • Onshore wind;
  • Offshore wind;
  • Photovoltaic;
  • Thermal;
  • Biomass;
  • Wave;
  • Tidal;
  • Marine currents;
  • Geothermal;
  • Energy resource analysis;
  • Energy converters or devices or technology;
  • Electrical aspects;
  • Structures and foundations;
  • Management.

Dr. M. Dolores Esteban
Dr. José-Santos López-Gutiérrez
Dr. Vicente Negro
Dr. Ana Fernández-Guillamón
Dr. Yong Wan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Clean Technologies is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • onshore wind
  • offshore wind
  • photovoltaic
  • thermal
  • biomass
  • wave
  • tidal
  • marine currents
  • geothermal
  • energy resource analysis
  • energy converters or devices or technology
  • electrical aspects
  • structures and foundations
  • management

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1851 KiB  
Article
A Binary Integer Programming Method for Optimal Wind Turbines Allocation
by Nikolaos M. Manousakis, Constantinos S. Psomopoulos, George Ch. Ioannidis and Stavros D. Kaminaris
Clean Technol. 2021, 3(2), 462-473; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol3020027 - 1 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3716
Abstract
The present study introduces a Binary Integer Programming (BIP) method to minimize the number of wind turbines needed to be installed in a wind farm. The locations of wind turbines are selected in a virtual grid which is constructed considering a minimum distance [...] Read more.
The present study introduces a Binary Integer Programming (BIP) method to minimize the number of wind turbines needed to be installed in a wind farm. The locations of wind turbines are selected in a virtual grid which is constructed considering a minimum distance between the wind turbines to avoid the wake effect. Additional equality constraints are also included to the proposed formulation to prohibit or enforce the installation of wind turbines placement at specific locations of the wind farmland. Moreover, a microscopic wind turbine placement considering the local air density is studied. To verify the efficiency of this proposal, a square site was subdivided into 25 square cells providing a virtual grid with 36 candidate placement locations. Moreover, a virtual grid with 121 vertices related with a Greek island is also tested. All simulations conducted considering the area of geographical territory, the length of wind turbine blades, as well as the capacity of each turbine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Road for Renewable Energies)
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7 pages, 575 KiB  
Communication
The Untapped Area Potential for Photovoltaic Power in the European Union
by Arnulf Jäger-Waldau
Clean Technol. 2020, 2(4), 440-446; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2040027 - 16 Oct 2020
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 4430
Abstract
The political goal of the European Union is to transform into a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate-neutral economy by 2050. To accelerate this transition, the European Commission has presented a European Green Deal in 2019. The aim is to reduce up to 55% [...] Read more.
The political goal of the European Union is to transform into a prosperous, modern, competitive and climate-neutral economy by 2050. To accelerate this transition, the European Commission has presented a European Green Deal in 2019. The aim is to reduce up to 55% the greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. The paper looks at the role photovoltaic electricity generation can play to achieve this and whether the required areas for the installation of the photovoltaicaic power needed are available. Following a review of the existing literature, the paper concludes that better use of the technology that has been largely neglected so far coupled with dual-use options would generate much more PV capacity than required to achieve a neutral economy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Road for Renewable Energies)
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22 pages, 5223 KiB  
Article
Statistical Steady-State Stability Analysis for Transmission System Planning for Offshore Wind Power Plant Integration
by Amirhossein Sajadi, Kara Clark and Kenneth A. Loparo
Clean Technol. 2020, 2(3), 311-332; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2030020 - 18 Aug 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3551
Abstract
This paper presents a statistical steady-state stability analysis for transmission system planning studies in order to identify operational issues inherent in the integration of offshore wind power plants. It includes normal and contingency operation. This study considers the integration of a 1000-MW offshore [...] Read more.
This paper presents a statistical steady-state stability analysis for transmission system planning studies in order to identify operational issues inherent in the integration of offshore wind power plants. It includes normal and contingency operation. This study considers the integration of a 1000-MW offshore wind power plant into the FirstEnergy/PJM service territory in the U.S. Great Lakes region as a case study and uses a realistic computer model of the U.S. Eastern Interconnection, a 63,000-bus test system. The results show the utility of this statistical analysis tool and its effectiveness in identification of the operational impacts as a result of the integration of offshore wind power plant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Road for Renewable Energies)
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Review

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35 pages, 5509 KiB  
Review
Integration of Solar Process Heat in Industries: A Review
by Nahin Tasmin, Shahjadi Hisan Farjana, Md Rashed Hossain, Santu Golder and M. A. Parvez Mahmud
Clean Technol. 2022, 4(1), 97-131; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol4010008 - 17 Feb 2022
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 7333
Abstract
Industrial manufacturing approaches are associated with processing materials that consume a significant amount of thermal energy, termed as industrial process heat. Industrial sectors consume a substantial amount of energy for process heating over a wide range of temperatures (up to 400 °C) from [...] Read more.
Industrial manufacturing approaches are associated with processing materials that consume a significant amount of thermal energy, termed as industrial process heat. Industrial sectors consume a substantial amount of energy for process heating over a wide range of temperatures (up to 400 °C) from agriculture, HVAC to power plants. However, the intensive industrial application of fossil fuels causes unfavorable environmental effects that cannot be ignored. To address this issue, green energy sources have manifested their potential as economical and pollution-free energy sources. Nevertheless, the adoption of solar industrial process heating systems is still limited due to a lack of knowledge in the design/installation aspects, reluctance to experience the technical/infrastructural changes, low price of fossil fuels, and lack of relative incentives. For successful solar process heat integration in industries, a proper understanding of the associated design factors is essential. This paper comprehensively reviews the integration strategies of solar industrial process heating systems, appraisal of the integration points, different aspects of solar collectors, installed thermal power, and thermal storage volume covering case studies, reports and reviews. The integration aspects of solar process heat, findings, and obstacles of several projects from the literature are also highlighted. Finally, the integration locations of SHIP systems are compared for different industrial sectors to find out the most used integration point for a certain sector and operation. It was found that for the food, beverage, and agriculture sector, 51% of solar process heat integration occurs at the supply level and 27.3% at the process-level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Road for Renewable Energies)
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16 pages, 562 KiB  
Review
A Review of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Powertrain Technologies: Diesel Engine Vehicles, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
by Carlo Cunanan, Manh-Kien Tran, Youngwoo Lee, Shinghei Kwok, Vincent Leung and Michael Fowler
Clean Technol. 2021, 3(2), 474-489; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol3020028 - 1 Jun 2021
Cited by 168 | Viewed by 33742
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from the freight transportation sector are a significant contributor to climate change, pollution, and negative health impacts because of the common use of heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDVs). Governments around the world are working to transition away from diesel HDVs and [...] Read more.
Greenhouse gas emissions from the freight transportation sector are a significant contributor to climate change, pollution, and negative health impacts because of the common use of heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDVs). Governments around the world are working to transition away from diesel HDVs and to electric HDVs, to reduce emissions. Battery electric HDVs and hydrogen fuel cell HDVs are two available alternatives to diesel engines. Each diesel engine HDV, battery-electric HDV, and hydrogen fuel cell HDV powertrain has its own advantages and disadvantages. This work provides a comprehensive review to examine the working mechanism, performance metrics, and recent developments of the aforementioned HDV powertrain technologies. A detailed comparison between the three powertrain technologies, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each, is also presented, along with future perspectives of the HDV sector. Overall, diesel engine in HDVs will remain an important technology in the short-term future due to the existing infrastructure and lower costs, despite their high emissions, while battery-electric HDV technology and hydrogen fuel cell HDV technology will be slowly developed to eliminate their barriers, including costs, infrastructure, and performance limitations, to penetrate the HDV market. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Road for Renewable Energies)
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21 pages, 4870 KiB  
Review
Critical Review on Efficiency of Ground Heat Exchangers in Heat Pump Systems
by Adel Eswiasi and Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya
Clean Technol. 2020, 2(2), 204-224; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2020014 - 19 Jun 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5191
Abstract
Use of ground source heat pumps has increased significantly in recent years for space heating and cooling of residential houses and commercial buildings, in both heating (i.e., cold region) and cooling (i.e., warm region) dominated climates, due to its low carbon footprint. Ground [...] Read more.
Use of ground source heat pumps has increased significantly in recent years for space heating and cooling of residential houses and commercial buildings, in both heating (i.e., cold region) and cooling (i.e., warm region) dominated climates, due to its low carbon footprint. Ground source heat pumps exploit the passive energy storage capacity of the ground for heating and cooling of buildings. The main focus of this paper is to critically review how different construction and operation parameters (e.g., pipe configuration, pipe diameter, grout, heat injection rate, and volumetric flow rate) have an impact on the thermal efficiency of the vertical ground heat exchanger (VGHE) in a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system. The published literatures indicate that thermal performance of VGHEs increases with an increase of borehole diameter and/or pipe diameter. These literatures show that the borehole thermal resistance of VGHEs decreases within a range of 9% to 52% due to pipe configurations and grout materials. Furthermore, this paper also identifies the scope to increase the thermal efficiency of VGHE. The authors conclude that in order to enhance the heat transfer rate in VGHE, any attempt to increase the surface area of the pipe configuration would likely be an effective solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Road for Renewable Energies)
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