The variable camber wing (VCW) is a morphing wing design anticipated to enhance unmanned aerial vehicles’ (UAVs’) performance in flight through continuously changing shape. The performance of VCWs has been proven, but techniques for their...
The bistable laminated structure is widely used in many fields due to its unique deformation characteristics. In practical engineering, laminates under different structural constraints will exhibit different steady-state deformation characteristics....
Morphing wing technology is crucial for enhancing the flight performance of aircraft. To address the monitoring challenges of full-scale variable-camber leading edges under flight conditions, this study introduces a ground-based strength testing tech...
Variable camber wing technology stands out as the most promising morphing technology currently available in green aviation. Despite the ongoing advancements in smart materials and compliant structures, they still fall short in terms of driving force,...
By changing the aerodynamic shape of the trailing edge of its wing, an aircraft can achieve lift and drag reduction during takeoff and landing and continuously achieve better aerodynamic efficiency while cruising, which plays an important role in the...
This paper introduces the realization and wind tunnel testing of a novel variable camber wing equipped with compliant morphing trailing edges. Based on the aerodynamic shape and compliant mechanisms that were optimized in advance, a wind tunnel model...
Numerical simulations are performed to study the outboard airfoil of advanced technology regional aircraft (ATRA) wings with five different variable camber continuous trailing edge flap (VCCTEF) configurations. The computational study aims to improve...
To investigate the aerodynamic characteristics and multi-objective optimization of the variable camber airfoils, the influence of leading- and trailing-edge deflections on aerodynamic performance is conducted. A novel prediction model is presented us...
To improve the continuous chordwise bending performance of morphing wings, this study proposes a rigid–flexible coupled wing rib structure and its control strategy. Initially, the optimal rigid–flexible hybrid configuration was optimized...
Since the taper ratio of most wings is not equal to 1, the beam-disk trailing edge deflection mechanism originally designed for the rectangular wing is not fully applicable to the non-equal chord wing. Moreover, it is not only expected that the wing...
The objective of this paper is to describe a model for the simulation of the lateral dynamics of a vehicle, specifically buses, under variable trajectory conditions, such as camber and radius of curvature; in addition, a variable speed is added as a...
Morphing airfoil is a promising technology for future aircraft to realize all-stage high performance. In the present paper, a conceptual aircraft with morphing airfoil is proposed and the aerodynamic characteristics of three types of morphing airfoil...
The missions of modern aircraft require multiple abilities, such as highly efficient taking-off and landing, fast arrival, and long-endurance hovering. It is difficult to achieve all technical objectives using traditional aircraft design technology....
In recent years, morphing wings have become not only a concept, but an aerodynamic solution for the aviation industry to take a step forward toward future technologies. However, continuously morphing airfoils became an interesting answer to provide g...
This work introduces a novel variable camber mechanism that combines the high-load capacity, structural stability, and mechanical efficiency of rigid-body mechanisms with the adaptability, lightweight design, and continuous and smooth motion of compl...
This study investigates and designs a novel stacked hinge with low stiffness, large rotation angle, high strength, and length-adaptive functionality. Firstly, based on the large deformation theory of cantilever beams and relevant theories of leaf spr...
The morphing wing trailing edge is an attractive aviation structure due to its shape-adaptive ability, which can effectively improve the aerodynamic performance of an aircraft throughout the whole flight. In this paper, a mechanical solution for a va...
The aerodynamic performance of the blade determines the power and load characteristics of a wind turbine. In this paper, numerical research of the active deformation of an airfoil with equal thickness camber line was carried out, which shows the grea...
Birds are capable of morphing their wings across different flight modes and speeds to improve their aerodynamic performance. In light of this, the study aims to investigate a more optimized solution compared to conventional structural wing designs. T...
The implementation of morphing wing mechanisms shows significant potential for improving aircraft performance, as highlighted in the recent literature. The Clean Sky 2 AirGreen 2 European project team is currently performing ground and wind tunnel te...
This paper aims to numerically validate the aerodynamic performance and benefits of variable camber rate morphing wings, by comparing them to conventional ones with plain flaps, when deflection angles vary, assessing their D reduction or L/D improvem...
In this paper, the authors analyze an important but overlooked area, the aerodynamics of the variable camber morphing wing in transition, where 6% camber changes from 2% to 8% using the two airfoil configurations: NACA2410 and NACA8410. Many morphing...
Compared with traditional wings equipped with conventional control surfaces, variable-camber morphing wings have become a hot research topic in the field of aviation due to their ability to maintain a smooth and continuous overall shape while ensurin...
Friction material, as the main component in a bearing support, allows frictionless behavior between the two connected structures. Previous studies on friction material considered polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and attempted to analyze the resulting f...
The variable camber morphing wing has the potential to achieve improved flight performance across different flight conditions by changing its geometry according to changing flight conditions. Evaluating the subtle aerodynamic benefits of variable cam...
Multi-functionality and high mission adaptability are important trends in the development of future aircrafts. Trans-domain aircraft, with their unique take-off and landing capabilities and cross-medium capability, have significant potential in the f...
As a novel energy-saving and maneuvering device for ships, the gate rudder system (GRS) functions similarly to an accelerating duct. While providing additional thrust, its independently controllable rudder blades on either side of the propeller also...
Recently, various studies for the use of Fe-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) in the construction field have been widely conducted. However, most of the studies for using Fe-SMA are carried out for applying Fe-SMA for strengthening deteriorated struc...
Within the framework of the Clean Sky-JTI (Joint Technology Initiative) project, the design and technological demonstration of a novel wing flap architecture were addressed. Research activities were carried out to substantiate the feasibility of morp...
This paper discusses various strategies for probabilistic analysis, with a focus on typical engineering applications. The emphasis is on sampling methods and sensitivity analysis. A new sampling method, Latinized particle sampling, is introduced and...
The wing aerodynamic shape optimization is a typical high-dimensional problem with numerous independent design variables. Researching methods to reduce the dimensionality of optimization from the perspective of aerodynamic characteristics is necessar...
An integrated approach to active flow control is proposed by finding both the drooping leading edge and the morphing trailing edge for flow management. This strategy aims to manage flow separation control by utilizing the synergistic effects of both...
In this paper, a three-dimensional aerodynamics optimization system is built and applied to optimize a rotor blade to balance the conflicts between stall margin, total pressure ratio, adiabatic efficiency, and mass flow rate for the high-loading and...
This paper introduces three new gust load alleviation control strategies, which are based on variable camber technology, to achieve the design requirements for the safety, economy, and comfort of modern civil aircraft. These strategies involve adjust...
The conventional method of optimizing the aerodynamic performance of an airfoil heavily depends on the confines of the design space. The design variables create a non-normalized space that is fragmented into several different clusters of airfoils. An...
The blade geometry design method is an important tool to design high performance axial compressors, expected to have large design space while limiting the quantity of design variables to a suitable level for usability. However, the large design space...
A detailed numerical analysis of secondary flows in a transonic turbine is presented in this paper. The turbine stage is optimized by mitigating secondary flow through the method of non-axisymmetric endwall design. An automated optimization platform...
Modeling of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) propellers in a global, multidisciplinary aeroacoustic optimization was investigated. The modeling consists of three aspects: geometry, aerodynamics, and aeroacoustics. Firstly, a parametric geometry model w...
Deflected control surfaces can be used as variable camber control in different flight conditions, and a convex corner resembles a simplified configuration for the upper surface. This experimental study determines the presence of passive vortex genera...
Rigid wingsails are increasingly adopted for wind-assisted ship propulsion, with Symmetrically Cambered (SC) profiles identified as highly efficient for thrust generation. This study investigates installation layouts for multiple SC wingsails, focusi...
The friction performance of tread rubber is related to the safety of the vehicle during driving, especially in terms of shifting speeds, cornering, and changing environmental factors. The experimental design used in this paper employed a self-develop...
When a ship sails in an ice area, the ice could cause damage to ship hull and the propeller as well as the rudder. In the design process of an ice class propeller, the strength verification of the propeller has always been the focus of the design and...
A lot of studies have been conducted to introduce self-prestress to structures using Fe-based shape memory alloys (Fe-SMAs). Technology to introduce self-prestress using Fe-SMAs can resolve the disadvantages of conventional prestressed concrete. Howe...
The effect of cascade aerodynamic optimization on turbomachinery design is very significant. However, for most traditional cascade optimization methods, aerodynamic parameters are considered as boundary conditions and rarely directly used as the opti...
A novel concept of morphing airfoils, capable of changing camber and thickness, is proposed. A variable airfoil shape, defined by six input parameters, is achieved by allowing the three spinal points (at fixed axial positions) to slide vertically, wh...
In the context of wheelchair racing, research primarily focuses on studying wheelchair ergonomics and determining kinematic, kinetic, and rolling resistance variables. One factor identified as influencing athletes’ performance is wheel skidding...
1 April 2025
An important question for turbomachine designers is how to deal with blade and flowpath geometric variabilities stemming from the manufacturing process or erosion during the component lifetime. The challenge consists of identifying where stringent ma...
Aircraft winglets are well-established devices that improve aircraft fuel efficiency by enabling a higher lift over drag ratios and lower induced drag. Retrofitting winglets to existing aircraft also increases aircraft payload/range by the same order...