513 Results Found

Afatinib is used to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation as a second-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Early prediction of adverse effects based on the pharmacokinetics of...

Tacrolimus presents high intra and inter-individual variability in its blood trough concentration (Cmin). Knowledge of the factors that are involved in tacrolimus Cmin variability is thus clinically important to prevent or limit it. Inflammation can...

The global energy demand is experiencing a rapid surge, necessitating a heightened focus on renewable energy sources for a sustainable future. Among these sources, solar energy has emerged as a promising candidate; however, it often suffers from inte...

This study conducted a quantitative meta-analysis to investigate the association of vancomycin indicators, particularly area under the curve over 24 h (AUC24) and trough concentrations (Ctrough), and their relationship with both nephrotoxicity and ef...

The solar trough concentrator is used to increase the solar radiation intensity on absorbers for water heating, desalination, or power generation purposes. In this study, optical performances of four solar trough concentrators, viz. the parabolic tro...

Solar energy is a long-established technology, which has zero CO2 emissions, and provides low-cost energy for a given area of land. The concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) has been given preference over the photovoltaic due to its high efficiency. In a C...

Ensuring the uniformity of solar irradiance distribution on photovoltaic cells is a major challenge in low-concentrating photovoltaic systems based on a small-scale linear Fresnel reflector. A novel sawtooth V-cavity design method based on an optimiz...

We present the design of an original secondary cavity for use in Small-Scale Fresnel Reflectors in photovoltaic applications. The cavity is similar to the classical V-trough, but the primary reflector system is configured so that there are two focal...

While the circular shape is currently the proven optimum design of the energy collection element (ECE) of a parabolic trough collector, that is yet to be confirmed for parabolic trough concentrating collectors (PTCCs) like trough concentrating photov...

This prospective observational study aimed to clinically describe voriconazole administrations and trough concentrations in patients with Child–Pugh class C and to investigate the variability of trough concentration. A total of 144 voriconazole troug...

Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is a mainstay therapy for patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID). The content of these preparations was studied extensively. Nevertheless, data regarding the effective specific antibodies content (especially i...

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the optimal trough concentration of voriconazole for adult patients with invasive fungal infections. We used stepwise cutoffs of 0.5–2.0 μg/mL for efficacy and 3.0–6.0 μg/mL for safety. Studies were i...

Isavuconazole (ISA), a triazole antifungal agent, is licensed for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a cornerstone of treatment efficacy for triazole antifungals due to their pharmacokinetic...

Thanks to the high photon efficiency and reaction density, the optical fiber monolith reactor (OFMR) for InTaO4-based CO2 photoreduction is regarded as a promising photoreactor. In this work, the OFMR coupling with parabolic trough concentrator (PTC)...

Background: This study aims to measure the concentration of cytokines produced during the inflammation process to investigate if there are any differences in response to treatment of pediatric Crohn’s disease and to determine if the initial tum...

Voriconazole is a triazole antifungal agent commonly used for the treatment and prevention of invasive aspergillosis (IA). However, the study of voriconazole's use in children is limited. The present study was performed to explore maintenance dose to...

Vancomycin trough concentrations should be measured within 30 min of the next dose, but studies have shown that troughs are often measured too early, producing erroneous results that could lead to dosing errors. The purpose of this study was to ident...

Voriconazole (VRZ) is widely used to prevent and treat invasive fungal infections; however, there are a few studies examining the variability and influencing the factors of VRZ plasma concentrations across different clinical departments. This study a...

Nowadays the design of large-scale structures can be effectively improved by the adoption of numerical models. Even if experimental tests still play a fundamental role, a methodological approach that combines experimental testing and modelling techni...

In this work, a model to estimate circumsolar normal irradiance (CSNI) for several half-opening angles under clear skies was developed. This approach used a look-up table to determine the model parameters and estimate CSNI for half-opening angles bet...

The Space Solar Power Satellite is an ultra-large space structure, which collects sunlight directly in space and then transmits it into the ground. Since the idea was invented in 1968, scientists around the world have proposed several typical concept...

The effects of global warming are severely recognizable and, according to the OECD, 47% of the world’s population will soon live in regions with insufficient drinking water. Already, many countries depend on desalination for fresh water supply,...

The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems presents a great solution to high energy demand. Many factors limit the output of PV systems. One method of increasing the output of PV systems is to employ concentrators. The function of these concentrators is to...

The intermittency and fluctuation of solar irradiation pose challenges to the stable control of PTC collector loops. Therefore, this study proposes an Artificial Neural Network-based Feedforward-Feedback (ANN-FF-FB) model, which integrates irradiatio...

Background: Pazopanib (PAZ) is an oral angiogenesis inhibitor approved to treat soft tissue sarcoma (STS) but associated with a large interpatient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and narrow therapeutic index. We aimed to define the specific threshol...

The therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin (VCM) in critically ill patients often results in the estimated area being under the concentration–time curve (AUC) values that deviate from individual observations. In this study, we investig...

Due to population growth and industrial development consumption of non-renewable energy sources, and consequently pollution, has increased. In order to reduce energy utilisation and preserve the environment, developed and developing countries are inc...

In the field of solar power generation, concentrator systems, such as concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) or concentrated solar power (CSP), are subject of intensive research activity, due to high efficiencies in electrical power generation compared to...

Genetic variability in CYP2C19 may be associated with both lack of efficacy and toxicity of drugs due to its different metabolic status based on the presence of particular alleles. This literature review summarizes current knowledge relative to the a...

Solar-powered desalination is a sustainable solution for countries experiencing water scarcity. Several studies have presented different solutions to provide cleaner production in desalination systems. Parabolic trough collector (PTC) is one of these...

In this study, we explore the interannual variability of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) in the Dotson–Getz Trough located in West Antarctica, focusing on the month of February. Utilizing the oceanic analysis product EN4, we first validate the EN4 S...

In this study, two schemes of solar electrical power generation are designed and compared according to solar collection area minimization. The one comprises the parabolic trough collector, dual-tank of molten salt heat storage, and Organic Rankine cy...

In concentrated solar power technology, the precise shape of the reflective surfaces is crucial for efficiency. Considering the geometry and size of a parabolic trough collector, measuring the actual shape is not trivial and some techniques can only...

In this research, a Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) as a Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC), using Peltier cooling modules for power generation was analyzed by the Cross-Entropy method. When comparing conventional solar electric generators with this sys...

The overall thermal performance of a Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) depends on its optical performance, particularly the uniformity of the irradiance distribution and the resultant optical efficiency of the collector. Local Concentration Ratio (LCR...

The design of solar concentrating collectors for the effective utilization of solar energy is a challenging condition due to tracking errors leading to different divergences of the solar incidence angle. To enhance the optical performance of solar pa...

The Middle East is one among the areas of the world that receive high amounts of direct solar radiation. As such, the region holds a promising potential to leverage clean energy. Owing to rapid urbanization, energy demands in the region are on the ri...

Parabolic Trough Collectors (PTCs) are a well-established technology for efficiently generating hot water and low-enthalpy steam. For instance, PTCs can be used in steam power systems to drive small Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs). This study evaluated...

Today, application of cavity receivers in solar concentrator systems is suggested as an interesting and novelty research subject for increasing thermal performance. In this research, a parabolic trough concentrator (PTC) with a rectangular cavity rec...

This paper is a summary of the last ten years of work on the study of parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) and compound parabolic collectors (CPCs) coupled to photovoltaic and thermal solar receiver collectors (SCR-PVTs). While reviewing the state of t...

In this study, a direct recompression supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle, using parabolic trough solar concentrators (PTC), is developed and analyzed employing a new simulation model. The effects of variations in operating conditions and parameters on t...

Serum vedolizumab concentrations are associated with clinical response although, it is unknown if vedolizumab concentrations predict response to dose escalation. The aim of this study was to identify if vedolizumab trough concentrations predicted the...

Elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years) are susceptible to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, with potential for more adverse treatment outcomes or complications compared to younger adults (18–64 years). This study comp...

This study introduces the use of compressed air as a heat transfer fluid in small-scale, concentrated linear solar collector technology, evaluating its possible advantages over traditional fluids. This work assumes the adoption of readily available c...

The objective of this work is the financial optimization of a solar-driven organic Rankine cycle. Parabolic trough solar collectors are used as the most mature solar concentrating system and also there is a sensible storage system. The unit is examin...

The modernization, efficiency, and decarbonization of the energy supply systems are among the new challenges to be faced in the coming decades to achieve the targets and objectives dictated by European strategic policies. Despite the countless benefi...

The parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) is the most mature solar concentrating technology, and this technology is applied in numerous thermal applications. Usually, the thermal efficiency of the PTC is expressed with the aid of polynomial expressi...

The development of small-sized parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) for processing heat production at medium temperatures (100–250 °C) represents an interesting approach to increase the utilization of solar thermal technologies in industrial...

Few studies have simultaneously investigated the impact of inflammation and genetic polymorphisms of cytochromes P450 2C19 and 3A4 on voriconazole trough concentrations. We aimed to define the respective impact of inflammation and genetic polymorphis...

Imaging concentrators like the parabolic trough solar concentrators have been widely employed for energy production in solar power plants. The conventional imaging solar concentrators form a non-uniform Gaussian distribution on receiving absorbers yi...