Navigation system performance degrades significantly in complex environments. It is important to analyze satellite visibility through 3D terrain modelling and separate the satellite signals propagated by NLOS to suppress the NLOS error. However, the...
This study investigates high-resolution numerical weather modelling and large eddy simulations (LESs) for wind resource assessment in complex coastal mountainous terrain. The main purpose is to investigate strong-wind events, where earlier research i...
Skid trails constructed for timber extraction in steep terrain constitute a serious environmental concern if not well planned, executed and ameliorated. Carrying out post-harvest surveys in monitoring constructed trails in such terrain is an onerous...
In recent decades, terrain modelling and reconstruction techniques have increased research interest in precise short and long distance autonomous navigation, localisation and mapping within field robotics. One of the most challenging applications is...
Digital terrain models (DTMs) are a fundamental source of information in Earth sciences. DTM-based studies, however, can contain remarkable biases if limitations and inaccuracies in these models are disregarded. In this work, four freely available da...
To calibrate airborne gravity gradiometers currently in development in China, it is urgent to build an airborne gravity gradiometer test site. The site’s selection depends on the preknowledge of high-resolution gravity and gradient structures....
Semi-empirical kernel-driven models have been widely used to characterize anisotropic reflectance due to their simple form and physically meaningful approximation. Recently, several kernel-driven models have been coupled with topographic effects to i...
As digital terrain models are indispensable for visualizing and modeling geographic processes, terrain information content is useful for terrain generalization and representation. For terrain generalization, if the terrain information is considered,...
Mountainous areas with rugged terrains are widely distributed around the world. Remotely sensed values of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) suffer from the effect of rugged terrain. In this study, the effect of rugg...
Accurate topographic mapping is a critical task for various environmental applications because elevation affects hydrodynamics and vegetation distributions. UAV photogrammetry is popular in terrain modelling because of its lower cost compared to lase...
This entry gives an overview of the main data structures and approaches used for a two-dimensional representation of the terrain surface using a digital elevation model (DEM). A DEM represents the elevation of the earth surface from a set of points....
Aiming at the problem where the current engineering wake model does not describe the wind speed distribution of the wake in the complex terrain wind farm completely, based on the three-dimensional full wake model (3DJGF wake model), this paper propos...
This study presents an innovative, dynamic model for predicting typhoon track deflections over complex terrain. Based on potential vorticity conservation, the model incorporates a topographic adjusting parameter (α) and a meridional adjusting v...
Structural measures for retaining and distributing water—i.e., reservoirs, flood retention and power plants—play a key role to protect and feed a growing world population in a rapidly changing climate. In this work, we introduce an automa...
Digital Terrain analysis (DTA) and modeling has been a flourishing interdisciplinary field for decades, with applications in hydrology, geomorphology, soil science, engineering projects and computer sciences. Currently, DTA is characterized by a prol...
The correct prediction of the wind speed and turbulence levels over complex terrain is essential for accurately assessing wind turbine wake recovery, power production, safety, and wind farm design. In this paper, two modified RANS turbulence models a...
Hydraulic modeling is a fundamental tool for managing and mitigating flood risk. Developing low resolution hydraulic models, providing consistent inundation simulations with shorter running time, as compared to high-resolution modeling, has a variety...
A regular network of squares is formed by points uniformly distributed (mostly in the square corners) over the surface that is represented by the network. Each point (node) of the network has specified coordinates (X and Y) with a fixed constant dist...
The construction of a scientific and effective soil pressure-sinkage model under sloped terrain condition has important guiding significance for the investigation of the soil compaction effect. It is also important for the theoretical calculation of...
In this article, we present the use of risk terrain modeling for the risk assessment of explosive ATM attacks in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. We give a brief overview of three methods used for this purpose: risk terrain modeling, recapture rate i...
The interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique is widely adopted for detecting and monitoring landslides, but its effectiveness is often degraded in mountainous terrains, due to geometric distortions in the synthetic aperture radar (S...
The current research on text-guided 3D synthesis predominantly utilizes complex diffusion models, posing significant challenges in tasks like terrain generation. This study ventures into the direct synthesis of text-to-3D terrain in a zero-shot fashi...
A concept of a new energy management system synthesizing meteorological and orographic influences on airplane safety envelope was developed and implemented at the ZHAW Centre for Aviation. A corresponding flight simulation environment was built in a...
Existing methods for calculating terrain entropy in grid digital elevation models (DEMs) often face computational anomalies in specific topographies within small windows. To address this issue, an improved method was developed based on the Euclidean...
Topography affects the fraction of direct and diffuse radiation received on a pixel and changes the sun–target–sensor geometry, resulting in variations in the observed radiance. Retrieval of surface–atmosphere properties from top of atmosphere radian...
This paper focuses on robust controller design for a generic helicopter model and terrain avoidance problem via artificial intelligence (AI). The helicopter model is presented as a hybrid system that covers hover and forward dynamics. By defining a s...
The acquisition of high-resolution (HR) digital bathymetric models (DBMs) is crucial for oceanic research activities. However, obtaining HR DBM data is challenging, which has led to the use of super-resolution (SR) methods to improve the DBM’s...
We developed a microscale airflow modeling system with detailed building and terrain data to better understand the urban microclimate. Building shapes and heights, and terrain elevation data were integrated to construct a high-resolution urban surfac...
The article presents the results of geodetic measurements and numerical modeling of mining area deformations in the partial exploitation area of the 712/1-2 seam at the Marcel Coal Mine. An important element in this exploitation is the limitation of...
Output data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are frequently used in air quality modeling for scientific, practical and regulatory purposes. Therefore, it is crucial to determine whether the accuracy of WRF predictions is suitable...
The key to the study of node deployment in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is to find the appropriate location of the WSN nodes and reduce the cost of network deployment while meeting the monitoring requirements in the covered area. This paper propose...
In recent years, Vision-Based Navigation (VBN) techniques have emerged as a fundamental component to enable autonomous spacecraft operations, particularly in challenging environments such as planetary landings, where ground control may be limited or...
Digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have emerged as synergistic technologies capable of enhancing forest inventory information. A known limitation of DAP technology is its ability to derive terrain surfaces in areas...
The propagation model is an essential component in the design and deployment of a wireless sensor network (WSN). Although much attention has been given to near-ground propagation models, few studies place the transceiver directly on the ground with t...
The assessment of habitat quality is instrumental in preserving regional species diversity and ecosystem health, thereby forming the theoretical foundation for sustainable urban development. While the Invest model is a commonly employed tool for habi...
UAV-SfM photogrammetry is widely used in remote sensing and geoscience communities. Scholars have tried to optimize UAV-SfM for terrain modeling based on analysis of error statistics like root mean squared error (RMSE), mean error (ME), and standard...
A landform is a physical feature of the terrain with its own recognisable shape. Its definition is often qualitative and inherently vague. Hence, landforms are difficult to formalise in a logical model that can be implemented. We propose for that pur...
Accurate wind field modeling over hilly terrain is critical for wind energy, infrastructure safety, and environmental assessment, yet its inherent complexity poses significant simulation challenges. This paper systematically reviews this field’...
Digital elevation models (DEMs) are an important information source for spatial modeling. However, data voids, which commonly exist in regions with rugged topography, result in incomplete DEM products, and thus significantly degrade DEM data quality....
The accurate estimation of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) in areas with complex terrain is very important for quantifying the carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems and studying the regional or global carbon cycle. In our previous resea...
Chemical transport models (CTM) are crucial for simulating the distribution of air pollutants, such as particulate matter, and evaluating their impact on the environment and human health. However, these models rely heavily on accurate emission invent...
Openness is proposed as a visualization technique for the archaeological interpretation of digital terrain models derived from airborne laser scanning. In contrast to various shading techniques, openness is not subject to directional bias and relief...
Fast and accurate predictions of the flow and transport of materials in urban and complex terrain areas are challenging because of the heterogeneity of buildings and land features of different shapes and sizes connected by canyons and channels, which...
The scale of digital elevation models (DEMs) is vital for terrain analysis, surface simulation, and other geographic applications. Compared to traditional super-resolution (SR) methods, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great succe...
Identifying the optimal structure of terrain dependent Rational Function Models (RFMs) not only decreases the number of Ground Control Points (GCPs) required, but also increases the accuracy of the model, by reducing the multi-collinearity of Rationa...
Flooding caused by unpredictable high-intensity rainfall events in urban areas has become a global phenomenon due to the combined effect of urbanization and climate change. There are numerous hydrodynamic models for urban flooding simulation and mana...
We refined our Shape from Shading (SfS) algorithm, which has previously been used to create digital terrain models (DTMs) of the Lunar and Martian surfaces, to generate high-resolution DTMs of Mercury from MESSENGER imagery. To adapt the reconstructi...
Automatic extraction of ground points, called filtering, is an essential step in producing Digital Terrain Models from airborne LiDAR data. Scene complexity and computational performance are two major problems that should be addressed in filtering, e...
Early spaceborne laser altimetry mission development starts in pre-phase A design, where diverse ideas are evaluated against mission science requirements. A key challenge is predicting realistic instrument performance through forward modeling at an a...
Cold-air pooling (CAP) and frost risk represent significant climate-related hazards in karstic and agricultural environments, where local topography and surface cover strongly modulate microclimatic conditions. This study focuses on the Mohos sinkhol...
of 82