2,496 Results Found

The scaling of oil pipelines over time leads to issues including diminished flow rates, wasted energy, and decreased efficiency. To take appropriate action promptly and avoid the aforementioned issues, it is crucial to determine the precise value of...

One of the main problems in oil fields is the deposition of scale inside oil pipelines, which causes problems such as the reduction of the internal diameter of oil pipes, the need for more energy to transport oil products, and the waste of energy. Fo...

Loss of energy, decrement of efficiency, and decrement of the effective diameter of the oil pipe are among the consequences of scale inside oil condensate transfer pipes. To prevent these incidents and their consequences and take timely action, it is...

With the passage of time, scale gradually forms inside the oil pipeline. The produced scale, which has a high density, strongly attenuates photons, which lowers the measurement accuracy of three-phase flow meters based on gamma radiation. It is worth...

In this paper, gamma attenuation has been utilised as a veritable tool for non-invasive estimation of the thickness of scale deposits. By simulating flow regimes at six volume percentages and seven scale thicknesses of a two phase-flow in a pipe, our...

As the oil and petrochemical products pass through the oil pipeline, the sediment scale settles, which can cause many problems in the oil fields. Timely detection of the scale inside the pipes and taking action to solve it prevents problems such as a...

As time passes, scale builds up inside the pipelines that deliver the oil or gas product from the source to processing plants or storage tanks, reducing the inside diameter and ultimately wasting energy and reducing efficiency. A non-invasive system...

Scale deposits can reduce equipment efficiency in the oil and petrochemical industry. The gamma attenuation technique can be used as a non-invasive effective tool for detecting scale deposits in petroleum pipelines. The goal of this study is to propo...

Deposition of scale layers inside pipelines leads to many problems, e.g., reducing the internal diameter of pipelines, damage to drilling equipment because of corrosion, increasing energy consumption because of decreased efficiency of equipment, and...

Over time, oil pipes are scaled, which causes problems such as a reduction in the effective diameter of the oil pipe, an efficiency reduction, waste of energy, etc. Determining the exact value of the scale inside the pipe is very important in order t...

One of the factors that significantly affects the efficiency of oil and gas industry equipment is the scales formed in the pipelines. In this innovative, non-invasive system, the inclusion of a dual-energy gamma source and two sodium iodide detectors...

Using the RR Lyrae surveys Gaia DR3 Specific Objects Study, PanSTARRS1 and ASAS-SN-II, we determine the Milky Way’s thick disc scale length and scale height as well as the radial scale length of the galaxy’s inner halo. We use a Bayesian...

Studying the thickness of the convective boundary layer (CBL) is helpful for understanding atmospheric structure and the diffusion of air pollutants. When there is velocity shear in CBL, the flow field structure is very different from that of shear-f...

As the shipbuilding industry has emerged from an extended recession, orders for high-value-added ships, such as LNG and ultra-large container ships, are increasing. For ultra-large container ships, high-strength, thick materials are applied. Because...

Radiative natural convection is of vital importance in the process of energy storage, power generation, and thermal storage technology. As the attenuation coefficients of many heat transfer media in these fields are high enough to be considered as op...

To address the challenges of low displacement efficiency and gas channeling in the Lukqin thick oil reservoir, characterized by high viscosity (286 mPa·s) and strong heterogeneity (permeability contrast 5–10), this study systematically i...

This paper presents a study on the use of optical fiber and a solar concentrator for a building daylighting system. Daylighting is essential for improving indoor environments and reducing electric lighting power consumption in office buildings. Tradi...

Free vibration and wave analysis of thick rectangular graphene are studied by employing the wave propagation method. To consider small-scale effects and thickness of a plate in nanoscales, equations of motions are represented by the Eringen nonlocal...

When fluids flow into the pipes, the materials in them cause deposits to form inside the pipes over time, which is a threat to the efficiency of the equipment and their depreciation. In the present study, a method for detecting the volume percentage...

To address the inverse problem of thermal growth oxide (TGO) thickness in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), a novel multi-scale analysis (MSA) method based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is introduced. The proposed method involves a M...

Prediction of soil characteristics over large areas is desirable for environmental modeling. In arid environments, soil characteristics often show strong ecological connectivity with natural vegetation, specifically biomass and/or canopy cover, sugge...

Effective control of the thickness of the hot-rolled oxide scale on the surface of the steel strip is very vital to ensure the surface quality of steel products. Hence, terahertz nondestructive technology was proposed to measure the thickness of thin...

Changing film thickness to manipulate microstructural properties has been considered as a potential method in practical application. Here, we report that atomic-scale structural properties are regulated by film thickness in an NiCO2O4(NCO)/CuFe2O4(CF...

Accurate evaluation of thermo-fluid dynamic characteristics in tanks is critically important for designing liquid hydrogen tanks for small-scale hydrogen liquefiers to minimize heat leakage into the liquid and ullage. Due to the high costs, most futu...

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is considered as one of the most appealing options for the treatment of organic pollutants in water. However, its definitive translation into industrial practice is still very limited because of both the complexity of lar...

In the present study, a new method of predicting the dynamic behavior of a variable thickness (VT) cantilever plate by using a thin plate scaled model is proposed. The thin plate model, defined as the model thin (MT) plate, is designed by using the n...

Au-Au surface activated bonding (SAB) using ultrathin Au films is effective for room-temperature pressureless wafer bonding. This paper reports the effect of the film thickness (15–500 nm) and surface roughness (0.3–1.6 nm) on room-temper...

There is a very thick water-bearing key strata above the coal seam in the Binchang mining area. When the mining scale is large, it easily breaks and leads to rockburst with a surge of water gushing in the panel. Adopting the layout pattern of a small...

A small-scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with kW-class power output has a wide application prospect in industrial low-grade energy utilization. Increasing the expansion pressure ratio of small-scale ORC is an effective approach to improve the energy...

Over time, the accumulation of scale within the transmission pipeline results in a decrease in the internal diameter of the pipe, leading to a decline in efficiency and energy waste. The employment of a gamma ray attenuation system that is non-invasi...

The RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) manufacturing process is largely used for the fabrication of textile composites. During the forming phase, the deformations of composite reinforcements at the mesoscopic scale, such as the positions, orientations, and...

An extended four-dimensional version of the traditional Petitot–Citti–Sarti model on contour completion in the visual cortex is examined. The neural configuration space is considered as the group of similarity transformations, denoted as...

Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, consistent neuroimaging correlates of its severity are not fully elucidated. In this article, we study the neuronal correlates of fatigue severity in MS. Forty-three Relap...

Echolucency, a measure of plaque instability associated with increased cardiovascular risk, can be assessed in both the carotid plaque and the plaque-free common carotid intima–media (IM) complex as a gray-scale median (plaque-GSM and IM-GSM, r...

From the group-III monochalcogenide (MX, M  =  Ga, In; X  =  S, Se, Te) layered semiconductors, gallium monosulfide, GaS, has emerged as a promising material for electronics, optoelectronics, and catalysis applications. In...

Metastases are the most frequent intracranial malignant tumors in adults. While Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) are known to have significant impact on overall survival (OS), temporal muscle thickness (TMT) has bee...

This paper investigates the influence of the support material and its thickness on the hydrogen flux in Palladium membranes in the presence of sweep gas in fluidized bed membrane reactors. The analysis is performed considering both ceramic and metall...

We present a modeling study of photoinitiated polymerization in a thick polymer-absorbing medium using a focused UV laser. Transient profiles of the initiator concentration at various focusing conditions are analyzed to define the polymerization boun...

Mining activities under the circumstances of huge-thick stratum occurrence commonly result in dynamic response of the working face. It is crucial to understand the rock failure and movement of the huge-thick stratum in order to prevent dynamic hazard...

In order to improve the thickness uniformity of the electroformed metal layer and components, a new electroforming technique is proposed—wire-anode scanning electroforming (WAS-EF). WAS-EF uses an ultrafine inert anode so that the interelectrod...

Damage initiation and crack propagation in concrete are associated with localisation of energy dissipation by the concrete meso-structure. Meso-scale models are, therefore, required for realistic analysis of concrete non-linear behaviour. Such models...

The use of low-emission combustion technologies in power boilers has contributed to a significant increase in the rate of high-temperature corrosion in boilers and increased risk of failure. The use of low quality biomass and waste, caused by the cur...

Polymer filaments constitute precursor materials of so-called fiber mats, ubiquitous structures across cutting-edge technological fields. Thus, approaches that contribute to large-scale production of fibers are desired from an industrial perspective....

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes are used in various applications, such as microvalves, micropumps, microlenses, and cell culture substrates, with various thicknesses from microscale to nanoscale. In this study, we propose a simple fabrication m...

Line icings on the power transmission lines are dangerous risks that may lead to situations like structural damage or power outages. The current techniques used for identifying ice have certain drawbacks, particularly when used in complex environment...

Deep shale gas reservoirs are vital sources of unconventional natural gas and present unique challenges for exploration and development due to their multiscale flow characteristics and elastoplastic deformation behavior of reservoir rocks. Accurately...

This study aims at focusing a laser beam at the center of a microfluidic channel for optical bio-sensing applications thanks to the collective integration of tunable microlens arrays on VCSELs devices. High aspect-ratio polymer-based MOEMS are succes...

Effective precipitation plays an important role in crop growth, and subsoiling may have an impact on the effective precipitation of farmland. The question how subsoiling influences effective precipitations has prompted this research. The major object...

Accurate laser-flash measurements of thermal diffusivity (D) of diverse bulk solids at moderate temperature (T), with thickness L of ~0.03 to 10 mm, reveal that D(T) = D∞(T)[1 − exp(−bL)]. When L is several mm, D∞(T) = FT&minu...

Fatigue failure of structural components due to cyclic loading is a major concern for engineers. Although metal fatigue is a relatively old subject, current methods for the evaluation of fatigue crack growth and fatigue lifetime have several limitati...